高中英语课文原文选修六_第1页
高中英语课文原文选修六_第2页
高中英语课文原文选修六_第3页
高中英语课文原文选修六_第4页
高中英语课文原文选修六_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩5页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

高中英语课文原文选修六UNIT1ARTREADINGASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGARTISINFLUENCEDBYTHECUSTOMSANDFAITHOFAPEOPLESTYLESINWESTERNARTHAVECHANGEDMANYTIMESASTHEREARESOMANYDIFFERENTSTYLESOFWESTERNART,ITWOULDBEIMPOSSIBLETODESCRIBEALLOFTHEMINSUCHASHORTTEXTCONSEQUENTLY,THISTEXTWILLDESCRIBEONLYTHEMOSTIMPORTANTONES,STARTINGFROMTHESIXTHCENTURYADTHEMIDDLEAGES5THTOTHE15THCENTURYADDURINGTHEMIDDLEAGES,THEMAINAIMOFPAINTERSWASTOREPRESENTRELIGIOUSTHEMESACONVENTIONALARTISTOFTHISPERIODWASNOTINTERESTEDINSHOWINGNATUREANDPEOPLEASTHEYREALLYWEREATYPICALPICTUREATTHISTIMEWASFULLOFRELIGIOUSSYMBOLS,WHICHCREATEDFEELINGOFRESPECTANDLOVEFORGODBUTITWASEVIDENTTHATIDEASWERECHANGINGINTHE13THCENTURYWHENPAINTERSLIKEGIOTTODIBONDONEBEGANTOPAINTRELIGIOUSSCENESINAMOREREALISTICWAYTHERENAISSANCE15THTO16THCENTURYDURINGTHERENAISSANCE,NEWIDEASANDVALUESGRADUALLYREPLACEDTHOSEHELDINTHEMIDDLEAGESPEOPLEBEGANTOCONCENTRATELESSONRELIGIOUSTHEMESANDADOPTAMOREHUMANISTICATTITUDETOLIFEATTHESAMETIMEPAINTERSRETURNEDTOCLASSICALROMANANDGREEKIDEASABOUTARTTHEYTRIEDTOPAINTPEOPLEANDNATUREASTHEYREALLYWERERICHPEOPLEWANTEDTOPOSSESSTHEIROWNPAINTINGS,SOTHEYCOULDDECORATETHEIRSUPERBPALACESANDGREATHOUSESTHEYPAIDFAMOUSARTISTSTOPAINTPICTURESOFTHEMSELVES,THEIRHOUSESANDPOSSESSIONSASWELLASTHEIRACTIVITIESANDACHIEVEMENTSONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTDISCOVERIESDURINGTHISPERIODWASHOWTODRAWTHINGSINPERSPECTIVETHISTECHNIQUEWASFIRSTUSEDBYMASACCIOIN1428WHENPEOPLEFIRSTSAWHISPAINTINGS,THEYWERECONVINCEDTHATTHEYWERELOOKINGTHROUGHAHOLEINAWALLATAREALSCENEIFTHEROLESOFPERSPECTIVEHADNOTBEENDISCOVERED,NOONEWOULDHAVEBEENABLETOPAINTSUCHREALISTICPICTURESBYCOINCIDENCE,OILPAINTSWEREALSODEVELOPEDATTHISTIME,WHICHMADETHECOLOURSUSEDINPAINTINGSLOOKRICHERANDDEEPERWITHOUTTHENEWPAINTSANDTHENEWTECHNIQUE,WEWOULDNOTBEABLETOSEETHEMANYGREATMASTERPIECESFORWHICHTHISPERIODISFAMOUSIMPRESSIONISMLATE19THTOEARLY20THCENTURYINTHELATE19THCENTURY,EUROPECHANGEDAGREATDEALFROMAMOSTLYAGRICULTURALSOCIETYTOAMOSTLYINDUSTRIALONEMANYPEOPLEMOVEDFROMTHECOUNTRYSIDETOTHENEWCITIESTHEREWEREMANYNEWINVENTIONSANDSOCIALCHANGESNATURALLY,THESECHANGESALSOLEDTONEWPAINTINGSTYLESAMONGTHEPAINTERSWHOBROKEAWAYFROMTHETRADITIONALSTYLEOFPAINTINGWERETHEIMPRESSIONISTS,WHOLIVEDANDWORKEDINPARISTHEIMPRESSIONISTSWERETHEFIRSTPAINTERSTOWORKOUTDOORSTHEYWEREEAGERTOSHOWHOWLIGHTANDSHADOWFELLONOBJECTSATDIFFERENTTIMESOFDAYHOWEVER,BECAUSENATURALLIGHTCHANGESSOQUICKLY,THEIMPRESSIONISTSHADTOPAINTQUICKLYTHEIRPAINTINGSWERENOTASDETAILEDASTHOSEOFEARLIERPAINTERSATFIRST,MANYPEOPLEDISLIKEDTHISSTYLEOFPAINTINGANDBECAMEVERYANGRABOUTITTHEYSAIDTHATTHEPAINTERSWERECARELESSANDTHEIRPAINTINGSWERERIDICULOUSMODERNART20THCENTURYTOTODAYATTHETIMETHEYWERECREATED,THEIMPRESSIONISTPAINTINGSWERECONTROVERSIAL,BUTTODAYTHEYAREACCEPTEDASTHEBEGINNINGOFWHATWECALL“MODEMART“THISISBECAUSETHEIMPRESSIONISTSENCOURAGEDARTISTSTOLOOKATTHEIRENVIRONMENTINNEWWAYSTHEREARESCORESOFMODERNARTSTYLES,BUTWITHOUTTHEIMPRESSIONISTS,MANYOFTHESEPAINTINGSTYLESMIGHTNOTEXISTONTHEONEHAND,SOMEMODEMARTISABSTRACTTHATIS,THEPAINTERDOESNOTATTEMPTTOPAINTOBJECTSASWESEETHEMWITHOUREYES,BUTINSTEADCONCENTRATESONCERTAINQUALITIESOFTHEOBJECT,USINGCOLOUR,LINEANDSHAPETOREPRESENTTHEMONTHEOTHERHAND,SOMEPAINTINGSOFMODERNARTARESOREALISTICTHATTHEYLOOKLIKEPHOTOGRAPHSTHESESTYLESARESODIFFERENTWHOCANPREDICTWHATPAINTINGSTYLESTHEREWILLBEINTHEFUTURETHEBESTOFMANHATTANSARTGALLERIESTHEFRICKCOLLECTION5THAVENUEANDE70THSTREETMANYARTLOVERSWOULDRATHERVISITTHISSMALLARTGALLERYTHANANYOTHERINNEWYORKHENRYCLAYFRICK,ARICHNEWYORKER,DIEDIN1919,LEAVINGHISHOUSE,FURNITUREANDARTCOLLECTIONTOTHEAMERICANPEOPLEFRICKHADAPREFERENCEFORPRETWENTIETHCENTURYWESTERNPAINTINGS,ANDTHESEAREWELLREPRESENTEDINTHISEXCELLENTCOLLECTIONYOUCANALSOEXPLOREFRICKSBEAUTIFULHOMEANDGARDENWHICHAREWELLWORTHAVISITGUGGENHEIMMUSEUM5THAVENUEAND88THSTREETTHISMUSEUMOWNS5,000SUPERBMODERNPAINTINGS,SCULPTURESANDDRAWINGSTHESEARTWORKSARENOTALLDISPLAYEDATTHESAMETIMETHEEXHIBITIONISALWAYSCHANGINGITWILLAPPEALTOTHOSEWHOLOVEIMPRESSIONISTANDPOSTIMPRESSIONISTPAINTINGSTHEGUGGENHEIMMUSEUMBUILDINGISALSOWORLDFAMOUSWHENYOUWALKINTOGALLERY,YOUFEELASIFYOUWEREINSIDEAFRAGILE,WHITESEASHELLTHEBESTWAYTOSEETHEPAINTINGSISTOSTARTFROMTHETOPFLOORANDWALKDOWNTOTHEBOTTOMTHEREARENOSTAIRSJUSTACIRCULARPATHTHEMUSEUMALSOHASANEXCELLENTRESTAURANTMETROPOLITANMUSEUMOFART5THAVENUEAND82NDSTREETTHEREPUTATIONOFTHISMUSEUMLIESINTHEVARIETYOFITSARTCOLLECTIONTHISCOVERSMORETHAN5,000YEARSOFCIVILIZATIONFROMMANYPARTSOFTHEWORLD,INCLUDINGAMERICA,EUROPE,CHINA,EGYPT,OTHERAFRICANCOUNTRIESANDSOUTHAMERICATHEMUSEUMDISPLAYSMORETHANJUSTTHEVISUALDELIGHTSOFARTITINTRODUCESYOUTOANCIENTWAYSOFLIVINGYOUCANVISITANEGYPTIANTEMPLE,AFRAGRANTMINGGARDEN,ATYPICALROOMINAN18THCENTURYFRENCHHOUSEANDMANYOTHERSPECIALEXHIBITIONSMUSEUMOFMODERNART53RDSTREET,BETWEEN5THAND6THAVENUESITISAMAZINGTHATSOMANYGREATWORKSOFARTFROMTHELATE19THCENTURYTOTHE21STCENTURYAREHOUSEDINTHESAMEMUSEUMTHECOLLECTIONOFWESTERNARTINCLUDESPAINTINGSBYSUCHFAMOUSARTISTSASMONET,VANGOGH,PICASSOANDMATISSEAFEWWORDSOFWARNINGTHEADMISSIONPRICEISNOTCHEAPANDTHEMUSEUMISOFTENVERYCROWDEDWHITNEYMUSEUMOFAMERICANART945MADISONAVENUE,NEAR75THSTREETTHEWHITNEYHOLDSANEXCELLENTCOLLECTIONOFCONTEMPORARYAMERICANPAINTINGANDSCULPTURETHEREARENOPERMANENTDISPLAYSINTHISMUSEUMANDEXHIBITIONSCHANGEALLTHETIMEEVERYTWOYEARS,THEWHITNEYHOLDSASPECIALEXHIBITIONOFNEWARTBYLIVINGARTISTSTHEMUSEUMALSOSHOWSVIDEOSANDFILMSBYCONTEMPORARYVIDEOARTISTS选修6UNIT2POEMSREADINGAFEWSIMPLEFORMSOFENGLISHPOEMSTHEREAREVARIOUSREASONSWHYPEOPLEWRITEPOETRYSOMEPOEMSTELLASTORYORDESCRIBESOMETHINGINAWAYTHATWILLGIVETHEREADERASTRONGIMPRESSIONOTHERSTRYTOCONVEYCERTAINEMOTIONSPOETSUSEMANYDIFFERENTFORMSOFPOETRYTOEXPRESSTHEMSELVESINTHISTEXT,HOWEVER,WEWILLLOOKATAFEWOFTHESIMPLERFORMSSOMEOFTHEFIRSTPOETRYAYOUNGCHILDLEARNSINENGLISHISNURSERYRHYMESTHESERHYMESLIKETHEONEONTHERIGHTAARESTILLACOMMONTYPEOFCHILDRENSPOETRYTHELANGUAGEISCONCRETEBUTIMAGINATIVE,ANDTHEYDELIGHTSMALLCHILDRENBECAUSETHEYRHYME,HAVESTRONGRHYTHMANDALOTOFREPETITIONTHEPOEMSMAYNOTMAKESENSEANDEVENSEEMCONTRADICTORY,BUTTHEYAREEASYTOLEARNANDRECITEBYPLAYINGWITHTHEWORDSINNURSERYRHYMES,CHILDRENLEARNABOUTLANGUAGEAHUSH,LITTLEBABY,DONTSAYAWORD,PAPASGOINGTOBUYYOUAMOCKINGBIRDIFTHATMOCKINGBIRDWONTSING,PAPASGOINGTOBUYYOUADIAMONDRINGIFTHATDIAMONDRINGTURNSTOBRASS,PAPASGOINGTOBUYYOUALOOKINGGLASSIFTHATLOOKINGGLASSGETSBROKE,PAPASGOINGTOBUYYOUABILLYGOATIFTHATBILLYGOATRUNSAWAY,PAPASGOINGTOBUYYOUANOTHERTODAYONEOFTHESIMPLESTKINDSOFPOEMSARETHOSELIKEBANDCTHATLISTTHINGSLISTPOEMSHAVEAFLEXIBLELINELENGTHANDREPEATEDPHRASESWHICHGIVEBOTHAPATTERNANDARHYTHMTOTHEPOEMSOMERHYMELIKEBWHILEOTHERSDONOTLIKECBISAWAFISHPORTALALLONFIREISAWAFISHPONDALLONFIRE,ISAWAHOUSEBOWTOASQUIRE,ISAWAPERSONTWELVEFEETHIGH,ISAWACOTTAGEINTHESKY,ISAWABALLOONMADEOFLEAD,ISAWACOFFINDROPDOWNDEAD,ISAWTWOSPARROWSRUNARACE,ISAWTWOHORSESMAKINGLACE,ISAWGGIRLJUSTLIKEACAT,ISAWAKITTENWEARAHAT,ISAWAMANWHOSAWTHESETOO,ANDSAIDTHOUGHSTRANGETHEYALLWERETRUECOURFIRSTFOOTBALLMATCHWEWOULDHAVEWONIFJACKHADSCOREDTHATGOAL,IFWEDHADJUSTAFEWMOREMINUTES,IFWEHADTRAINEDHARDER,IFBENHADPASSEDTHEBALLTOJOE,IFWEDHADTHOUSANDSOFFANSSCREAMING,IFIHADNTTAKENMYEYEOFFTHEBALL,IFWEHADNTSTAYEDUPSOLATETHENIGHTBEFORE,IFWEHADNTTAKENITEASY,IFWEHADNTRUNOUTOFENERGYWEWOULDHAVEWONIFWEDBEENBETTERANOTHERSIMPLEFORMOFPOEMTHATSTUDENTSCANEASILYWRITEISTHECINQUAIN,APOEMMADEUPOFFIVELINESWITHTHESE,STUDENTSCANCONVEYASTRONGPICTUREINJUSTAFEWWORDSLOOKATTHEEXAMPLESDANDEONTHETOPOFTHENEXTPAGEDBROTHERBEAUTIFUL,ATHLETICTEASING,SHOUTING,LAUGHINGFRIENDANDENEMYTOOMINEESUMMERSLEEPY,SALTYDRYING,DROOPING,DREADINGWEEKIN,WEEKOUTENDLESSFAFALLENBLOSSOMISCOMINGBACKTOTHEBRANCHLOOK,ABUTTERFLYBYMORITAKEGSNOWHAVINGMELTED,THEWHOLEVILLAGEISBRIMFULOFHAPPYCHILDRENBYISSAHAIKUISAJAPANESEFORMOFPOETRYTHATISMADEUPOF17SYLLABLESITISNOTATRADITIONALFORMOFENGLISHPOETRY,BUTISVERYPOPULARWITHENGLISHWRITERSITISEASYTOWRITEAND,LIKETHECINQUAIN,CANGIVEACLEARPICTUREANDCREATEASPECIALFEELINGUSINGTHEMINIMUMOFWORDSTHETWOHAIKUPOEMSFANDGABOVEARETRANSLATIONSFROMTHEJAPANESEHWHERESHEAWAITSHERHUSBANDONANDONTHERIVERFLOWSNEVERLOOKINGBACK,TRANSFORMEDINTOSTONEDAYBYDAYUPONTHEMOUNTAINTOP,WINDANDRAINREVOLVESHOULDTHETRAVELLERRETURN,THISSTONEWOULDUTTERSPEECH,BYWANGJIANDIDYOUKNOWTHATENGLISHSPEAKERSALSOENJOYOTHERFORMSOFASIANPOETRYTANGPOEMSFROMCHINAINPARTICULARALOTOFTANGPOETRYHASBEENTRANSLATEDINTOENGLISHTHISTANGPOEMHISATRANSLATIONFROMTHECHINESEWITHSOMANYDIFFERENTFORMSOFPOETRYTOCHOOSEFROM,STUDENTSMAYEVENTUALLYWANTTOWRITEPOEMSOFTHEIROWNITISEASIERTHANYOUMIGHTTHINKANDCERTAINLYWORTHATRYIVESAVEDTHESUMMERIVESAVEDTHESUMMERANDIGIVEITALLTOYOUTOHOLDONWINTERMORNINGSWHENTHESNOWISNEWIVESAVEDSOMESUNLIGHTIFYOUSHOULDEVERNEEDAPLACEAWAYFROMDARKNESSWHEREYOURMINDCANFEEDANDFORMYSELFIVEKEPTYOURSMILEWHENYOUWEREBUTNINETEEN,TILLYOUREOLDERYOULLNOTKNOWWHATBRAVEYOUNGSMILESCANMEANIKNOWNOANSWERSTOHELPYOUONYOURWAYTHEANSWERSLIESOMEWHEREATTHEBOTTOMOFTHEDAYBUTIFYOUVEANEEDFORLOVEILLGIVEYOUALLLOWNITMIGHTHELPYOUDOWNTHEROADTILLYOUVEFOUNDYOUROWNBYRODMCKUEN选修6UNIT3AHEALTHYLIFEREADINGADVICEFROMGRANDADDEARJAMES,ITISABEAUTIFULDAYHEREANDIAMSITTINGUNDERTHEBIGTREEATTHEENDOFTHEGARDENIHAVEJUSTRETURNEDFROMALONGBIKERIDETOANOLDCASTLEITSEEMSAMAZINGTHATATMYAGEIAMSTILLFITENOUGHTOCYCLE20KILOMETRESINANAFTERNOONITSMYBIRTHDAYINTWOWEEKSTIMEANDILLBE82YEARSOLDITHINKMYLONGANDACTIVELIFEMUSTBEDUETOTHEHEALTHYLIFEILIVETHISBRINGSMETOTHEREALREASONFORMYLETTER,MYDEARGRANDSONYOURMOTHERTELLSMETHATYOUSTARTEDSMOKINGSOMETIMEAGOANDNOWYOUAREFINDINGITDIFFICULTTOGIVEITUPBELIEVEME,IKNOWHOWEASYITISTOBEGINSMOKINGANDHOWTOUGHITISTOSTOPYOUSEE,DURINGADOLESCENCEIALSOSMOKEDANDBECAMEADDICTEDTOCIGARETTESBYTHEWAY,DIDYOUKNOWTHATTHISISBECAUSEYOUBECOMEADDICTEDINTHREEDIFFERENTWAYSFIRST,YOUCANBECOMEPHYSICALLYADDICTEDTONICOTINE,WHICHISONEOFTHEHUNDREDSOFCHEMICALSINCIGARETTESTHISMEANSTHATAFTERAWHILEYOURBODYBECOMESACCUSTOMEDTOHAVINGNICOTINEINITSOWHENTHEDRUGLEAVESYOURBODY,YOUGETWITHDRAWALSYMPTOMSIREMEMBERFEELINGBADTEMPEREDANDSOMETIMESEVENINPAINSECONDLY,YOUBECOMEADDICTEDTHROUGHHABITASYOUKNOW,IFYOUDOTHESAMETHINGOVERANDOVERAGAIN,YOUBEGINTODOITAUTOMATICALLYLASTLY,YOUCANBECOMEMENTALLYADDICTEDIBELIEVEDIWASHAPPIERANDMORERELAXEDAFTERHAVINGACIGARETTE,SOIBEGANTOTHINKTHATICOULDONLYFEELGOODWHENISMOKEDIWASADDICTEDINALLTHREEWAYS,SOITWASVERYDIFFICULTTOQUITBUTIDIDFINALLYMANAGEWHENIWASYOUNG,IDIDNTKNOWMUCHABOUTTHEHARMFULEFFECTSOFSMOKINGIDIDNTKNOW,FOREXAMPLE,THATITCOULDDOTERRIBLEDAMAGETOYOURHEARTANDLUNGSORTHATITWASMOREDIFFICULTFORSMOKINGCOUPLESTOBECOMEPREGNANTICERTAINLYDIDNTKNOWTHEIRBABIESMAYHAVEASMALLERBIRTHWEIGHTOREVENBEABNORMALINSOMEWAYNEITHERDIDIKNOWTHATMYCIGARETTESMOKECOULDAFFECTTHEHEALTHOFNONSMOKERSHOWEVER,WHATIDIDKNOWWASTHATMYGIRLFRIENDTHOUGHTISMELTTERRIBLESHESAIDMYBREATHANDCLOTHESSMELT,ANDTHATTHEENDSOFMYFINGERSWERETURNINGYELLOWSHETOLDMETHATSHEWOULDNTGOOUTWITHMEAGAINUNLESSISTOPPEDIALSONOTICEDTHATIBECAMEBREATHLESSQUICKLY,ANDTHATIWASNTENJOYINGSPORTASMUCHWHENIWASTAKENOFFTHESCHOOLFOOTBALLTEAMBECAUSEIWASUNFIT,IKNEWITWASTIMETOQUITSMOKINGIAMSENDINGYOUSOMEADVICEIFOUNDONTHEINTERNETITMIGHTHELPYOUTOSTOPANDSTRENGTHENYOURRESOLVEIDOHOPESOBECAUSEIWANTYOUTOLIVEASLONGANDHEALTHYALIFEASIHAVELOVEFROMGRANDADREADINGANDDISCUSSINGBEFOREYOUREADTHEPOSTERBELOW,DISCUSSWHATYOUKNOWABOUTHIV/AIDSWITHYOURCLASSMATESMAKEALISTOFWORDSTHATYOUMIGHTCOMEACROSSINTHISPOSTERHIV/AIDSAREYOUATRISKHIVISAVIRUSAVIRUSISAVERYSMALLLIVINGTHINGTHATCAUSESDISEASETHEREAREMANYDIFFERENTVIRUSES,FOREXAMPLE,THEFLUVIRUSORTHESARSVIRUSHIVWEAKENSAPERSONSIMMUNESYSTEMTHATIS,THEPARTOFTHEBODYTHATFIGHTSDISEASEYOUCANHAVEHIVINYOURBLOODFORALONGTIME,BUTEVENTUALLYHIVWILLDAMAGEYOURIMMUNESYSTEMSOMUCHTHATYOUBODYCANNOLONGERFIGHTDISEASETHISSTAGEOFTHEILLNESSISCALLEDAIDSIFYOUDEVELOPAIDS,YOURCHANCESOFSURVIVALAREVERYSMALLHIVISSPREADTHROUGHBLOODORTHEFLUIDTHATTHEBODYMAKESDURINGSEXFORAPERSONTOBECOMEINFECTED,BLOODORSEXUALFLUIDTHATCARRIESTHEVIRUS,HASTOGETINSIDETHEBODYTHROUGHBROKENSKINORBYINJECTIONONEDAYSCIENTISTSWILLFINDACUREFORHIV/AIDSUNTILTHATHAPPENS,YOUNEEDTOPROTECTYOURSELFHEREARESOMETHINGSYOUCANDOTOMAKESUREYOUSTAYSAFEIFYOUINJECTDRUGSDONOTSHAREYOURNEEDLEWITHANYONEELSEBLOODFROMANOTHERPERSONCANSTAYONORINTHENEEDLEIFAPERSONHASHIVANDYOUUSETHESAMENEEDLE,YOUCOULDINJECTTHEVIRUSINTOYOUROWNBLOODDONOTSHAREANYTHINGELSETHATAPERSONHASUSEDWHILEINJECTINGDRUGSBLOODCOULDHAVESPILTONITIFYOUHAVESEXWITHAMALEORAFEMALEUSEACONDOMTHISWILLPREVENTSEXUALFLUIDPASSINGFROMONEPERSONTOANOTHERTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTSARENOTTRUEAPERSONCANNOTGETHIVTHEFIRSTTIMETHEYHAVESEXWRONGIFONESEXUALPARTNERHASHIV,THEOTHERPARTNERCOULDBECOMEINFECTEDYOUCANTELLBYLOOKINGATSOMEONEWHETHERORNOTTHEYHAVEHIVWRONGMANYPEOPLECARRYINGHIVLOOKPERFECTLYHEALTHYITISONLYWHENTHEDISEASEHASPROGRESSEDTOAIDSTHATAPERSONBEGINSTOLOOKSICKONLYHOMOSEXUALSGETAIDSWRONGANYONEWHOHASSEXWITHAPERSONINFECTEDWITHH1V/AIDSRISKSGETTINGTHEVIRUSWOMENARESLIGHTLYMORELIKELYTOBECOMEINFECTEDTHANMENIFYOUHUG,TOUCHORKISSSOMEONEWITHAIDSORVISITTHEMINTHEIRHOME,YOUWILLGETHIV/AIDSWRONGYOUCANONLYGETTHEDISEASEFROMBLOODORSEXUALFLUIDUNFORTUNATELY,PEOPLEWITHHIVSOMETIMESLOSETHEIRFRIENDSBECAUSEOFPREJUDICEMANYPEOPLEAREAFRAIDTHATTHEYWILLGETHIV/AIDSFROMTHOSEINFECTEDWITHHIVAIDSFORTHESAMEREASON,SOMEAIDSPATIENTSCANNOTFINDANYONETOLOOKAFTERTHEMWHENTHEYARESICKYOUCANGETHIV/AIDSFROMMOSQUITOESWRONGTHEREISNOEVIDENCEOFTHIS选修6UNIT4GLOBALWARMINGREADINGTHEEARTHISBECOMINGWARMERBUTDOESITMATTERDURINGTHE20THCENTURYTHETEMPERATUREOFTHEEARTHROSEABOUTONEDEGREEFAHRENHEITTHATPROBABLYDOESNOTSEEMMUCHTOYOUORME,BUTITISARAPIDINCREASEWHENCOMPAREDTOOTHERNATURALCHANGESSOHOWHASTHISCOMEABOUTANDDOESITMATTEREARTHCARESSOPHIEARMSTRONGEXPLORESTHESEQUESTIONSTHEREISNODOUBTTHATTHEEARTHISBECOMINGWARMERSEEGRAPH1ANDTHATITISHUMANACTIVITYTHATHASCAUSEDTHISGLOBALWARMINGRATHERTHANARANDOMBUTNATURALPHENOMENONALLSCIENTISTSSUBSCRIBETOTHEVIEWTHATTHEINCREASEINTHEEARTHSTEMPERATUREISDUETOTHEBURNINGOFFOSSILFUELSLIKECOAL,NATURALGASANDOILTOPRODUCEENERGYSOMEBYPRODUCTSOFTHISPROCESSARECALLED“GREENHOUSE“GASES,THEMOSTIMPORTANTONEOFWHICHISCARBONDIOXIDEDRJANICEFOSTEREXPLAINS“THEREISANATURALPHENOMENONTHATSCIENTISTSCALLTHEGREENHOUSEEFFECTTHISISWHENSMALLAMOUNTSOFGASESINTHEATMOSPHERE,LIKECARBONDIOXIDE,METHANEANDWATERVAPOUR,TRAPHEATFROMTHESUNANDTHEREFOREWARMTHEEARTHWITHOUTTHEGREENHOUSEEFFECT,THEEARTHWOULDBEABOUTTHIRTYTHREEDEGREESCELSIUSCOOLERTHANITISSO,WENEEDTHOSEGASESTHEPROBLEMBEGINSWHENWEADDHUGEQUANTITIESOFEXTRACARBONDIOXIDEINTOTHEATMOSPHEREITMEANSTHATMOREHEATENERGYTENDSTOBETRAPPEDINTHEATMOSPHERECAUSINGTHEGLOBALTEMPERATURETOGOUP“WEKNOWTHATTHELEVELSOFCARBONDIOXIDEHAVEINCREASEDGREATLYOVERTHELAST100TO150YEARSITWASASCIENTISTCALLEDCHARLESKEELING,WHOMADEACCURATEMEASUREMENTSOFTHEAMOUNTOFCARBONDIOXIDEINTHEATMOSPHEREFROM1957TO1997HEFOUNDTHATBETWEENTHESEYEARSTHECARBONDIOXIDEINTHEATMOSPHEREWENTUPFROMAROUND315PARTSTOAROUND370PARTSPERMILLIONSEEGRAPH2ALLSCIENTISTSACCEPTTHISDATATHEYALSOAGREETHATITISTHEBURNINGOFMOREANDMOREFOSSILFUELSTHATHASRESULTEDINTHISINCREASEINCARBONDIOXIDESOHOWHIGHWILLTHETEMPERATUREINCREASEGODRJANICEFOSTERSAYSTHATOVERTHENEXT100YEARSTHEAMOUNTOFWARMINGCOULDBEASLOWAS1TO15DEGREESCELSIUS,BUTITCOULDBEASHIGHAS5DEGREESHOWEVER,THEATTITUDEOFSCIENTISTSTOWARDSTHISRISEISCOMPLETELYDIFFERENTONTHEONEHAND,DRFOSTERTHINKSTHATTHETRENDWHICHINCREASESTHETEMPERATUREBY5DEGREESWOULDBEACATASTROPHESHESAYS,“WECANTPREDICTTHECLIMATEWELLENOUGHTOKNOWWHATTOEXPECT,BUTITCOULDBEVERYSERIOUS“OTHERSWHOAGREEWITHHERTHINKTHEREMAYBEARISEOFSEVERALMETRESINTHESEALEVEL,ORPREDICTSEVERESTORMS,FLOODS,DROUGHTS,FAMINES,THESPREADOFDISEASESANDTHEDISAPPEARANCEOFSPECIESONTHEOTHERHAND,THEREARETHOSE,LIKEGEORGEHAMBLEY,WHOAREOPPOSEDTOTHISVIEW,BELIEVETHATWESHOULDNOTWORRYABOUTHIGHLEVELSOFCARBONDIOXIDEINTHEAIRTHEYPREDICTTHATANYWARMINGWILLBEMILDWITHFEWBADENVIRONMENTALCONSEQUENCESINFACT,HAMBLEYSTATES,“MORECARBONDIOXIDEISACTUALLYAPOSITIVETHINGITWILLMAKEPLANTSGROWQUICKERCROPSWILLPRODUCEMOREITWILLENCOURAGEAGREATERRANGEOFANIMALSALLOFWHICHWILLMAKELIFEFORHUMANBEINGSBETTER“GREENHOUSEGASESCONTINUETOBUILDUPINTHEATMOSPHEREEVENIFWESTARTREDUCINGTHEAMOUNTOFCARBONDIOXIDEANDOTHERGREENHOUSEGASES,THECLIMATEISGOINGTOKEEPONWARMINGFORDECADESORCENTURIESNOONEKNOWSTHEEFFECTSOFGLOBALWARMINGDOESTHATMEANWESHOULDDONOTHINGOR,ARETHERISKSTOOGREATWHATCANWEDOABOUTGLOBALWARMINGDEAREARTHCARE,IAMDOINGAPROJECTONBEHALFOFMYSCHOOLABOUTGLOBALWARMINGSOMETIMESIFEELTHATINDIVIDUALSCANHAVELITTLEEFFECTONSUCHHUGEENVIRONMENTALPROBLEMSHOWEVER,1STILLTHINKPEOPLESHOULDADVOCATEIMPROVEMENTSINTHEWAYWEUSEENERGYTODAYASIMNOTSUREWHERETOSTARTWITHMYPROJECT,IWOULDAPPRECIATEANYSUGGESTIONSYOUMAYHAVETHANKYOUOUYANGGUANGDEAROUYANGGUANG,THEREAREMANYPEOPLEWHOHAVEACOMMITMENTLIKEYOURS,BUTTHEYDONOTBELIEVETHEYHAVETHEPOWERTODOANYTHINGTOIMPROVEOURENVIRONMENTTHATISNOTTRUETOGETHER,INDIVIDUALSCANMAKEADIFFERENCEWEDONOTHAVETOPUTUPWITHPOLLUTIONTHEGROWTHOFTHEGREENHOUSEGAS,CARBONDIOXIDEINTHEAIRACTUALLYCOMESASARESULTOFMANYTHINGSWEDOEVERYDAYHEREAREAFEWSUGGESTIONSONHOWTOREDUCEITTHEYSHOULDGETYOUSTARTEDWITHYOURPROJECT1WEUSEALOTOFENERGYINOURHOUSESITISOKTOLEAVEANELECTRICALAPPLIANCEONSOLONGASYOUAREUSINGITIFNOT,TURNITOFFDONOTBECASUALABOUTTHISSOIFYOUARENOTUSINGTHELIGHTS,THETV,THECOMPUTER,ANDSOON,TURNTHEMOFFIFYOUARECOLD,PUTONMORECLOTHESINSTEADOFTURNINGUPTHEHEAT2MOTORVEHICLESUSEALOTOFENERGYSOWALKORRIDEABIKEIFYOUCAN3RECYCLECANS,BOTTLES,PLASTICBAGSANDNEWSPAPERSIFCIRCUMSTANCESALLOWYOUTOITTAKESALOTOFENERGYTOMAKETHINGSFROMNEWMATERIALS,SO,IFYOUCAN,BUYTHINGSMADEFROMRECYCLEDMATERIALS4GETYOURPARENTSTOBUYTHINGSTHATAREECONOMICALWITHENERGYTHISINCLUDESCARSASWELLASSMALLERTHINGSLIKEFRIDGESANDMICROWAVES5PLANTTREESINYOURGARDENORYOURSCHOOLYARD,ASTHEYABSORBCARBONDIOXIDEFROMTHEAIRANDREFRESHYOURSPIRITWHENYOULOOKATTHEM6FINALLYANDMOSTIMPORTANTLY,BEANEDUCATORTALKWITHYOURFAMILYANDFRIENDSABOUTGLOBALWARMINGANDTELLTHEMWHATYOUHAVELEARNEDREMEMBERYOURCONTRIBUTIONCOUNTSEARTHCARE选修6UNIT5THEPOWEROFNATUREREADINGANEXCITINGJOBIHAVETHEGREATESTJOBINTHEWORLDITRAVELTOUNUSUALPLACESANDWORKALONGSIDEPEOPLEFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDSOMETIMESWORKINGOUTDOORS,SOMETIMESINANOFFICE,SOMETIMESUSINGSCIENTIFICEQUIPMENTANDSOMETIMESMEETINGLOCALPEOPLEANDTOURISTS,IAMNEVERBOREDALTHOUGHMYJOBISOCCASIONALLYDANGEROUS,IDONTMINDBECAUSEDANGEREXCITESMEANDMAKESMEFEELALIVEHOWEVER,THEMOSTIMPORTANTTHINGABOUTMYJOBISTHATIHELPPROTECTORDINARYPEOPLEFROMONEOFTHEMOSTPOWERFULFORCESONEARTHTHEVOLCANOIWASAPPOINTEDASAVOLCANOLOGISTWORKINGFORTHEHAWAIIANVOLCANOOBSERVATORYHVOTWENTYYEARSAGOMYJOBISCOLLECTINGINFORMATIONFORADATABASEABOUTMOUNTKILAUEA,WHICHISONEOFTHEMOSTACTIVEVOLCANOESINHAWAIIHAVINGCOLLECTEDANDEVALUATEDTHEINFORMATION,IHELP

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

最新文档

评论

0/150

提交评论