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高中英语课文原文选修六UNIT1ARTREADINGASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTINGARTISINFLUENCEDBYTHECUSTOMSANDFAITHOFAPEOPLESTYLESINWESTERNARTHAVECHANGEDMANYTIMESASTHEREARESOMANYDIFFERENTSTYLESOFWESTERNART,ITWOULDBEIMPOSSIBLETODESCRIBEALLOFTHEMINSUCHASHORTTEXTCONSEQUENTLY,THISTEXTWILLDESCRIBEONLYTHEMOSTIMPORTANTONES,STARTINGFROMTHESIXTHCENTURYADTHEMIDDLEAGES5THTOTHE15THCENTURYADDURINGTHEMIDDLEAGES,THEMAINAIMOFPAINTERSWASTOREPRESENTRELIGIOUSTHEMESACONVENTIONALARTISTOFTHISPERIODWASNOTINTERESTEDINSHOWINGNATUREANDPEOPLEASTHEYREALLYWEREATYPICALPICTUREATTHISTIMEWASFULLOFRELIGIOUSSYMBOLS,WHICHCREATEDFEELINGOFRESPECTANDLOVEFORGODBUTITWASEVIDENTTHATIDEASWERECHANGINGINTHE13THCENTURYWHENPAINTERSLIKEGIOTTODIBONDONEBEGANTOPAINTRELIGIOUSSCENESINAMOREREALISTICWAYTHERENAISSANCE15THTO16THCENTURYDURINGTHERENAISSANCE,NEWIDEASANDVALUESGRADUALLYREPLACEDTHOSEHELDINTHEMIDDLEAGESPEOPLEBEGANTOCONCENTRATELESSONRELIGIOUSTHEMESANDADOPTAMOREHUMANISTICATTITUDETOLIFEATTHESAMETIMEPAINTERSRETURNEDTOCLASSICALROMANANDGREEKIDEASABOUTARTTHEYTRIEDTOPAINTPEOPLEANDNATUREASTHEYREALLYWERERICHPEOPLEWANTEDTOPOSSESSTHEIROWNPAINTINGS,SOTHEYCOULDDECORATETHEIRSUPERBPALACESANDGREATHOUSESTHEYPAIDFAMOUSARTISTSTOPAINTPICTURESOFTHEMSELVES,THEIRHOUSESANDPOSSESSIONSASWELLASTHEIRACTIVITIESANDACHIEVEMENTSONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTDISCOVERIESDURINGTHISPERIODWASHOWTODRAWTHINGSINPERSPECTIVETHISTECHNIQUEWASFIRSTUSEDBYMASACCIOIN1428WHENPEOPLEFIRSTSAWHISPAINTINGS,THEYWERECONVINCEDTHATTHEYWERELOOKINGTHROUGHAHOLEINAWALLATAREALSCENEIFTHEROLESOFPERSPECTIVEHADNOTBEENDISCOVERED,NOONEWOULDHAVEBEENABLETOPAINTSUCHREALISTICPICTURESBYCOINCIDENCE,OILPAINTSWEREALSODEVELOPEDATTHISTIME,WHICHMADETHECOLOURSUSEDINPAINTINGSLOOKRICHERANDDEEPERWITHOUTTHENEWPAINTSANDTHENEWTECHNIQUE,WEWOULDNOTBEABLETOSEETHEMANYGREATMASTERPIECESFORWHICHTHISPERIODISFAMOUSIMPRESSIONISMLATE19THTOEARLY20THCENTURYINTHELATE19THCENTURY,EUROPECHANGEDAGREATDEALFROMAMOSTLYAGRICULTURALSOCIETYTOAMOSTLYINDUSTRIALONEMANYPEOPLEMOVEDFROMTHECOUNTRYSIDETOTHENEWCITIESTHEREWEREMANYNEWINVENTIONSANDSOCIALCHANGESNATURALLY,THESECHANGESALSOLEDTONEWPAINTINGSTYLESAMONGTHEPAINTERSWHOBROKEAWAYFROMTHETRADITIONALSTYLEOFPAINTINGWERETHEIMPRESSIONISTS,WHOLIVEDANDWORKEDINPARISTHEIMPRESSIONISTSWERETHEFIRSTPAINTERSTOWORKOUTDOORSTHEYWEREEAGERTOSHOWHOWLIGHTANDSHADOWFELLONOBJECTSATDIFFERENTTIMESOFDAYHOWEVER,BECAUSENATURALLIGHTCHANGESSOQUICKLY,THEIMPRESSIONISTSHADTOPAINTQUICKLYTHEIRPAINTINGSWERENOTASDETAILEDASTHOSEOFEARLIERPAINTERSATFIRST,MANYPEOPLEDISLIKEDTHISSTYLEOFPAINTINGANDBECAMEVERYANGRABOUTITTHEYSAIDTHATTHEPAINTERSWERECARELESSANDTHEIRPAINTINGSWERERIDICULOUSMODERNART20THCENTURYTOTODAYATTHETIMETHEYWERECREATED,THEIMPRESSIONISTPAINTINGSWERECONTROVERSIAL,BUTTODAYTHEYAREACCEPTEDASTHEBEGINNINGOFWHATWECALL“MODEMART“THISISBECAUSETHEIMPRESSIONISTSENCOURAGEDARTISTSTOLOOKATTHEIRENVIRONMENTINNEWWAYSTHEREARESCORESOFMODERNARTSTYLES,BUTWITHOUTTHEIMPRESSIONISTS,MANYOFTHESEPAINTINGSTYLESMIGHTNOTEXISTONTHEONEHAND,SOMEMODEMARTISABSTRACTTHATIS,THEPAINTERDOESNOTATTEMPTTOPAINTOBJECTSASWESEETHEMWITHOUREYES,BUTINSTEADCONCENTRATESONCERTAINQUALITIESOFTHEOBJECT,USINGCOLOUR,LINEANDSHAPETOREPRESENTTHEMONTHEOTHERHAND,SOMEPAINTINGSOFMODERNARTARESOREALISTICTHATTHEYLOOKLIKEPHOTOGRAPHSTHESESTYLESARESODIFFERENTWHOCANPREDICTWHATPAINTINGSTYLESTHEREWILLBEINTHEFUTURETHEBESTOFMANHATTANSARTGALLERIESTHEFRICKCOLLECTION5THAVENUEANDE70THSTREETMANYARTLOVERSWOULDRATHERVISITTHISSMALLARTGALLERYTHANANYOTHERINNEWYORKHENRYCLAYFRICK,ARICHNEWYORKER,DIEDIN1919,LEAVINGHISHOUSE,FURNITUREANDARTCOLLECTIONTOTHEAMERICANPEOPLEFRICKHADAPREFERENCEFORPRETWENTIETHCENTURYWESTERNPAINTINGS,ANDTHESEAREWELLREPRESENTEDINTHISEXCELLENTCOLLECTIONYOUCANALSOEXPLOREFRICKSBEAUTIFULHOMEANDGARDENWHICHAREWELLWORTHAVISITGUGGENHEIMMUSEUM5THAVENUEAND88THSTREETTHISMUSEUMOWNS5,000SUPERBMODERNPAINTINGS,SCULPTURESANDDRAWINGSTHESEARTWORKSARENOTALLDISPLAYEDATTHESAMETIMETHEEXHIBITIONISALWAYSCHANGINGITWILLAPPEALTOTHOSEWHOLOVEIMPRESSIONISTANDPOSTIMPRESSIONISTPAINTINGSTHEGUGGENHEIMMUSEUMBUILDINGISALSOWORLDFAMOUSWHENYOUWALKINTOGALLERY,YOUFEELASIFYOUWEREINSIDEAFRAGILE,WHITESEASHELLTHEBESTWAYTOSEETHEPAINTINGSISTOSTARTFROMTHETOPFLOORANDWALKDOWNTOTHEBOTTOMTHEREARENOSTAIRSJUSTACIRCULARPATHTHEMUSEUMALSOHASANEXCELLENTRESTAURANTMETROPOLITANMUSEUMOFART5THAVENUEAND82NDSTREETTHEREPUTATIONOFTHISMUSEUMLIESINTHEVARIETYOFITSARTCOLLECTIONTHISCOVERSMORETHAN5,000YEARSOFCIVILIZATIONFROMMANYPARTSOFTHEWORLD,INCLUDINGAMERICA,EUROPE,CHINA,EGYPT,OTHERAFRICANCOUNTRIESANDSOUTHAMERICATHEMUSEUMDISPLAYSMORETHANJUSTTHEVISUALDELIGHTSOFARTITINTRODUCESYOUTOANCIENTWAYSOFLIVINGYOUCANVISITANEGYPTIANTEMPLE,AFRAGRANTMINGGARDEN,ATYPICALROOMINAN18THCENTURYFRENCHHOUSEANDMANYOTHERSPECIALEXHIBITIONSMUSEUMOFMODERNART53RDSTREET,BETWEEN5THAND6THAVENUESITISAMAZINGTHATSOMANYGREATWORKSOFARTFROMTHELATE19THCENTURYTOTHE21STCENTURYAREHOUSEDINTHESAMEMUSEUMTHECOLLECTIONOFWESTERNARTINCLUDESPAINTINGSBYSUCHFAMOUSARTISTSASMONET,VANGOGH,PICASSOANDMATISSEAFEWWORDSOFWARNINGTHEADMISSIONPRICEISNOTCHEAPANDTHEMUSEUMISOFTENVERYCROWDEDWHITNEYMUSEUMOFAMERICANART945MADISONAVENUE,NEAR75THSTREETTHEWHITNEYHOLDSANEXCELLENTCOLLECTIONOFCONT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