单片机多机通信实现_毕业论文

毕业设计说明书单片机多机通信实现专业电子信息工程学生姓名班级学号指导教师完成日期2010年6月10日A1A0A2A3A4A6A5A7A8A9A112010A12I单片机多机通信实现摘要目前，单片机在多机通信领域应用很广。但研究最多的是上位机与下位机的通信及多单片机构成的主从式多机通信系统。本文重点研究了多单片机的平权式多机通信，使各单片机有相同的权限。本文从平权式多机通信协议入手，首先设计了具体平权式多机通信协议主机通信用按键控制，模拟实际应用中的触发信号输入。对于1号单片机，还可通过液晶实时显示工作状态，初始为主机。在不需置其他单片机为主机的情形下，本多机通信系统可以作为主从式多机通信系统。从机通信模式通过串口中断触发启动，通信结束即恢复之前的从机状态。通信过程中，主机先发送寻址的从机号，待从机响应后开始通信。通信结束后，主机发送自己的主机号，告知从机。然后从机发给主机校验字G14422G6980G6466，主机G7828验G19181G16835，G7828验G7092G16835后，作G1998响应，1号单片机液晶G1262显示，G21号G2656G22号单片机G6922发G6980G6466G7092G16835后G1262使G47G40G39G6363示G9795G1154G17227。其G3818，本文研究了可G2011G6454G2464G2533G6521口的实G10628G7053G8873。通过用单片机的G980G1022G5353G14062控制单片机的串口的G17842G6521G7053式，使其工作在主机模式G6122从机模式。本研究G5062G13475G1235G11507通过，G11507实可G15904。具有G980G4462的G7828G19181G14033G2159，串G15904通信的G8616G10317G10587是G28G25G19G19G69G76G87G18G86，通信G17907G5242G17751G5567，G1000可G19764G5627G20652。本研究通过G11840G1226G11017G17347G16311G1927了通信过程中多单片机G1117用主机权的G19394G20076。关键词单片机G727多机通信G727平权G727G36G55G27G28G54G24G21A10A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A222010A23IIREALIZATIONOFMANYSCMCOMMUNICATIONABSTRACTATPRESENT,THESINGLECHIPMULTIMACHINECOMMUNICATIONINAWIDEFIELDOFAPPLICATIONSHOWEVER,THEMOSTSTUDIEDISTHEHOSTCOMPUTERANDLOWERCOMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONSANDMULTICHIPMICROPROCESSORMASTERSLAVEMULTIMACHINECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMTHISPAPERFOCUSESONANUMBEROFSINGLECHIPMULTIMACHINECOMMUNICATIONAFFIRMATIVE,SOTHATTHEMCUHASTHESAMEPERMISSIONSTHEPAPERMACHINEFROMTHEMULTILEVELCOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLOFTHERIGHTTOSTARTWITH,FIRST,THESPECIFICCOMMUNICATIONPROTOCOLHOSTCOMMUNICATIONBUTTONCONTROL,THEPRACTICALAPPLICATIONOFSIMULATIONINTHETRIGGERSIGNALINPUTFORTHENO1MICROCONTROLLER,BUTALSOTHROUGHTHELCDDISPLAYWORKINGSTATUS,THEINITIALFORTHEHOSTNOOTHERSINGLECHIPSETINTHECASEOFTHEHOST,THEMULTIMACHINECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMCANBEUSEDASMASTERSLAVEMULTIMACHINECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMCOMMUNICATIONMODEFROMTHEMACHINETHROUGHTHESERIALPORTINTERRUPTTRIGGERING,COMMUNICATIONBEFORETHEENDOFTHERECOVERYFROMTHEMACHINESTATECOMMUNICATIONPROCESS,THEHOSTSENDSTHEADDRESSNUMBERFROMTHEMACHINEUNTILTHERESPONSEFROMTHEPLANEAFTERCOMMUNICATIONSAFTERCOMMUNICATION,THEHOSTSENDSITSOWNHOSTNUMBER,INFORMEDFROMTHEMACHINESANDTHENDISTRIBUTEDTOTHEHOSTFROMTHEMACHINECHECKBYTESOFDATA,THEHOSTTESTERROR,TESTANDPROVEDCORRECTRESPONSE,1SINGLECHIPLCDDISPLAYS,2AND3,AFTERTHEMCUWILLSENDANDRECEIVEDATACORRECTLEDLIGHTISONBESIDES,THISPAPER,BIDIRECTIONALSWITCHIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEINTERFACEMETHODSTHROUGHTHEUSEOFMICROCOMPUTERCONTROLOFAMICROCONTROLLERPINSERIALPORTCONNECTION,TOWORKINMASTERMODEORSLAVEMODETHISSTUDYHASBEENSIMULATEDBYTHEREALFEASIBLEHAVESOMEERRORDETECTIONCAPABILITY,THEBITRATEOFSERIALCOMMUNICATION9600BIT/S,COMMUNICATIONSPEED,ANDRELIABILITYINTHISSTUDY,THEHARDWARECIRCUITTHROUGHTHECOMMUNICATIONPROCESSTORESOLVETHECONTENTIONOVERTHEHOSTMICROCONTROLLEROVERTHEISSUEKEYWORDSA24SCMG727MULTIMACHINECOMMUNICATIONG727EQUALRIGHTSG727G36G55G27G28G54G24G21A10A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A222010A23III目录A25A26A27A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A25A25A28A25A27A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A25A25A28A38A39A40A41A42A41A43A44A45A46A32A47A48A49A50A51A52A53A54A55A56A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A25A25A28A57A58A27A29A32A30A31A51A59A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A38A38A39A40A41A42A41A43A44A60A27A49A61A62A63A64A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A57A38A28A25A39A40A41A65A66A43A44A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A57A38A28A38A39A40A41A42A41A43A44A61A62A63A64A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A67A38A28A57A68A69A60A70A32A63A64A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A67A38A28A71A72A73A74A75A76A25A77A78A38A79A80A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A81A57A39A40A41A42A41A43A44A82A83A84A85A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A25A67A71A86A87A88A89A84A85A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A28A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主要通过多G1022单片机之间的串G15904通信实G10628。串G15904通信作为单片机之间常用的通信G7053G8873之G980,由于其通信编程灵G8975G451G11840G1226简洁并遵循统G980的标准,因此其在工G1006控制领域得G2052了广G8879的应用。构成G17751大规模的G7828测G451控制系统，G13475常要采用多G1022单片机，组成可以通信的多机系统。MCG86G980G241系列单片机为实G10628多机通信联G13605设计了G7053便的串G15904通信G6521口功G14033。将多G1022MCG86G980G241单片机组成串G15904总线形式的相互通道，通过写单片机的串G15904控制G7053式寄存器，将串G15904口置成G7053式G21G6122G7053式G22，就可以实G10628主机与分机之间的串G15904通信。这G12193多机系统结构简单，应用广G8879，但它只G14033实G10628由主机呼叫分机，然后实G10628主机与分机之间的G1852G2464工串G15904通信。G6117G1216在监控系统中要求既有主机与分机主动通信，又有分机与主机主动通信，这G12193结构的多机系统就G7092G8873满足要求。多机协同工作G5062是单片机发展的G980G1022重要趋势，目前单片机多机通信的主要G7053式仍然是主从式多机通信系统。单片机多机通信的目的是实G10628分布式G3800G10714系统，单片机多机通信的G7053式有很多G12193，应用前景广阔，非常具有研究意义12单片机多机通信领域的历史及国内外发展现状单片微型计G12651机G54G76NGLEG38HG76PMG76CROCOMPUG87ER简称单片机,又称MG38UMG76CROG38ONG87ROLLERUNG76G87,是将计G12651机的基本部分微型G2282,使之集成在G980块芯片上的微机片内含有G38PUG451ROMG451RG36MG451并G15904G44G18OG451串G15904G44G18OG451G4462时器G18计G6980器G451中断控制G451系统时钟及系统总线等。随着科技的发展，单片机G5062不是G980G1022陌G10995的名词，它的G1998G10628是G17829G1207计G12651机技术发展G2502上的G980G1022重要G18336程G11877，因为单片机的G16818G10995标G5547着计G12651机G8503式形成了通用A156A157A158A159A158A160A161A162A1632计G12651机系统G2656G4896入式计G12651机系统G1016大分G6915。单片机单芯片的微G4579体G12227G2656G1314的成本，可广G8879G3332G4896入G2052G3926玩具G451家用G11017器G451机器人G451G1214器G1214G15932G451G8785G17722G11017子系统G451工G1006控制单G1815G451G2162G1856自动G2282设备G451G18341G15713G11017子系统G451G14340G14349G451G1022人信G5699G13468G12483及通G16771G1147G2709中，成为G10628G1207G11017子系统中最重要的G7246G14033G2282工具。G6164G9053及的G5078场G2356有G10587最G20652的是MG38G54G252G241系列，因为G1002G11040上很多知名的G44G38G10995G1147G2390家都G10995G1147G241G1872G4493的芯片。G10995G1147MG38G54G252G241系列单片机的G2390家G3926G13666G3281G36MG39G1856G2508G451G36G55MG40G47G1856G2508G451G44G49G55G40G47G1856G2508G451G58G44G49G37OG49G39G1856G2508G451PG43G44G47G44PG54G1856G2508G451G44G54G54G44G1856G2508G451G55G40MG44G38G1856G2508及G2347G19901的G47G42G1856G2508G451G7097本G49G40G38G451G16211G19388子G1856G2508等。G2052目前为G8502，MG38G54G252G241单片机G5062有G6980G11346G1022G2709G12193，还在不断G6524G1998功G14033更G5390的G7044G1147G2709。G10628G1207的单片机G7234G17953具备通信G6521口，可以很G7053便G3332与计G12651机G17839G15904G6980G6466通信，为在计G12651机G13605G13488G2656通信设备间的应用提G1391了G7509G3921的物G17148G7477G1226，G10628在的通信设备基本上都实G10628了单片机G7246G14033控制，从手机，G11017G16817机G451G4579型程控G1144G6454机G451G8016G4443自动通信呼叫系统G451列G17722G7092线通信G451G1889G2052G7097常工作中随G3800可G16277的G12239动G11017G16817，集G13688G12239动通信，G7092线G11017对G16774机等。单片机的通信领域应用首先从G1016片单片机之间的通信发展G17227G7481，后G7481有了主从式多机通信并得G2052了广G8879的应用，又G1998G10628了以单片机作为下位机与以PG38机作为上位机的通信应用，上位机用G57G37G6122G57G38G14G14等G19766G2533对G16949的程G5219设计G16833G16340编写通信G6922发程G5219，G1075得G2052了广G8879的应用。G15441然，单片机多机通信G5062G13475有G17751G19283的研究G2394G2502了，但其形式大多是主从式的，很G4581是平权式的。13本课题的研究内容本文在研究G1268统的多机通信系统的基G11796上，设计了G980G12193基于MG38G54G713G241系列单片机G36G55G27G28G54G24G21的多机通信系统。初始时，1号单片机为主机。主机通过串口G2533从单片机发送G6363G4462G7696式的G6980G6466，从单片机G6922G6980G6466并作G1998响应，主机通过液晶G4643显示通信信G5699，从机通过G47G40G39显示通信状态。主机通信结束即G17728为从机，其他单片机可置为主机，G14731得总线控制权。1号单片机通过G11709G19465键G11436控制通信过程与显示，G21与G22号单片机通过G10432G12447按键控制通信状态与主从机G2011G6454。在此多机通信系统中，各G1022单片机具有平等的权限。G1177在初始时，1号单片机G15999G21676G16760置为主机，G14521不需使G21号与G22号单片机G2476成主机，G2029此通信系统可以作为主从式多机通信系统。G1231G1321时G2063，系统只有G980片单片机作为主机，其他G3355为从机。主机发送的信G5699可以G1268送G2052G6363G4462从机,各从机之间G1075不G14033G11464G6521通信。主机发G17227通信，从机G6521G6922G2052自己的单片机号后，开始与主机通信。A164A165A166A167A168A169A170A171A172A173A1742010A17532单片机多机通信理论及方案选择21单片机串口通信211单片机串口介绍G36G55G27G28G54G24G21单片机内部含有G980G1022可编程G1852G2464工串G15904通信G6521口，具有UG36RG55的G1852部功G14033。G16825G6521口G11017G17347不G1177G14033同时G17839G15904G6980G6466的发送G2656G6521G6922，G1075可作为G980G1022同G8505G12239位寄存器使用。在G17839G15904G5334G8505通信时，G6980G6466的发送G2656G6521G6922分G2047在各自的时钟G708G55G38G47G46G2656RG38G47G46G709控制下G17839G15904的，但都必须与字G12538位G6980的G8886G10317G10587G1457G6357G980G14280。MG38G54G16G241串G15904口的发送G2656G6521G6922时钟可由G1016G12193G7053式G1147G10995，G980G12193是由主机G20069G10587G73OG86CG13475分G20069后G1147G10995，G2490G980G12193G7053式是由内部G4462时器G551G6122G55G21的G9334G1998G10587G134751G25分G20069后提G1391。串G15904口的发送过程由G980G7477写发送G13543G1926器的G6363令把G6980G6466G708字G12538G709写入串G15904口的发送G13543G1926器G54G37UFG708发G709中，G1889由G11840G1226G11017G17347自动在字G12538的始G451末加上G17227始位G708G1314G11017平G709G451停G8502位G708G20652G11017平G709及其它控制位G708G3926奇偶位等G709，然后在G12239位脉G1926G54G43G44FG55的控制下，G1314位在前，G20652位在后，从G55XG39G12483G708G7053式G19除G3818G709G980位位G3332G2533G3818发送。串G15904口的G6521G6922与否受制于允许G6521G6922位RG40G49的状态，当RG40G49G15999软G1226置“1”后，允许G6521G6922器G6521G6922。G6521G6922G12483RXG39G980位位G3332G6521G6922G6980G6466，G11464G2052G6922G2052G980G1022完整的字G12538G6980G6466后，控制G11017G17347G17839G15904最后G980次G12239位，自动去掉启始位，使G6521G6922中断标G5547RG44置“1”，并G2533G38PU申请中断。G55G44G2656RG44是由G11840G1226置位的，但需要用软G1226复位。212单片机串口控制寄存器AG54G37UF是G1016G1022在物G10714上G10432G12447的G6521G6922G451发送G13543G1926器，可同时发送G451G6521G6922G6980G6466。G1016G1022G13543G1926器只用G980G1022字G14422G3332址G28G28G43，可通过G6363令对G54G37UF的读写G7481区G2047是对G6521G6922G13543G1926器的操作还是对发送G13543G1926器的操作。串G15904口对G3818有G1016G7477G10432G12447的G6922发信号线RXG39G708PG22G19G709G451G55XG39G708PG221G709，因此可以同时发送G451G6521G6922G6980G6466，实G10628G1852G2464工。G69G54G38OG49寄存器用G7481控制串G15904口的工作G7053式G2656状态，可按位寻址，其字G14422G3332址为G28G27G43。它用于G4462义串G15904口的工作G7053式及实施G6521G6922G2656发送控制。字G14422G3332址为G28G27G43，其各位G4462义G3926G15932G21G7131。A176A177A178A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A187A188A189A190A191A192A193A194A195A194A196A194A197A194A198A194A199A194A200A194A201A194A202A203A204A202A203A204A201A203A204A200A205A206A207A208A209A210A205A209A210A208A211A205A211A176A177A178A177A212A213A214A215A216A217A218A219A220A189A192A193A221A222A223A224A223A225A226A227A2284A229A230A231A232A229A230A233A234A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A242A243A244A231A231A236A237A231A245A246A247A246A248A249A250A251A252A253A254A255A233A134A231A233A236A237A233A233A231A246A139A0A1A2A80A3A233A231A236A237A134A233A233A246A139A0A1A2A251A252A253A254A255A4A5A142A143A252A253A254A255A6A134A233A233A236A237A6A233A233A246A139A0A1A2A80A3其中G73OG86C为晶振G20069G10587G54MG21多机通G16771控制位。在G7053式G19时，G54MG21G980G4462要等于G19。在G7053式1中，当G54MG211时，G2029只有G6521G6922G2052有效停G8502位时，RG44才置1。在G7053式G21G6122G7053式G22下，当G54MG211G1000G6521G6922G2052的第九位G6980G6466RG37G271时，RG44才置1。RG40G49G6521G6922允许控制位。由软G1226置位以允许G6521G6922，又由软G1226清G19G7481禁G8502G6521G6922。G55G37G27是要发送G6980G6466的第G28位。在G7053式G21G6122G7053式G22中，要发送的第G28位G6980G6466，根G6466需要由软G1226置1G6122清G19。RG37G27G6521G6922G2052的G6980G6466的第G28位。在G7053式G19中不使用RG37G27。在G7053式1中，G14521G54MG21G19，RG37G27为G6521G6922G2052的停G8502位。在G7053式G21G6122G7053式G22中，RG37G27为G6521G6922G2052的第G28位G6980G6466。G55G44发送中断标G5547。在G7053式G19中，第G27位发送结束时，由G11840G1226置位。在其它G7053式的发送停G8502位前，由G11840G1226置位。G55G44置位既G15932示G980帧信G5699发送结束，同时G1075是申请中断，可根G6466需要，用软G1226查询的G7053G8873G14731得G6980G6466G5062发送完毕的信G5699，G6122用中断的G7053式G7481发送下G980G1022G6980G6466。G55G44必须用软G1226清G19。RG44G6521G6922中断标G5547位。在G7053式G19，当G6521G6922完第G27位G6980G6466后，由G11840G1226置位。在其它G7053式中，在G6521G6922G2052停G8502位的中间时G2063由G11840G1226置位G708例G3818情况G16277于G54MG21的说明G709。RG44置位G15932示G980帧G6980G6466G6521G6922完毕，可用查询的G7053G8873G14731知G6122者用中断的G7053G8873G14731知。RG44G1075必须用软G1226清G19。CPG38OG49中的G54MOG39用G7481控制G8886G10317G10587加倍。DG55MOG39设置G4462时器1的工作G7053式，用G7481G1147G10995G8886G10317G10587EG3926果用G2052中断，G2029还需要用G2052中断相关的寄存器G44G40,G44P等213单片机串口的四种工作方式G7053式G19同G8505G12239位寄存器G7053式，其G8886G10317G10587是固G4462为振荡G20069G10587G73OG86C的1G181G21。在这G12193工作G7053式下，发送G2656G6521G6922串G15904G6980G6466都通过RXG39G708PG22G19G709G17839G15904，从G55XG39G708PG221G709输G1998G12239位脉G1926，控制G3818部的G12239位寄存器G12239位。1帧信G5699为G27位，G8821有G17227始位，停G8502位。G7053式1G27位UG36RG55，1帧信G5699为1G19位，其中G980位G17227始位“G19”G451八位G6980G6466位G708先G1314位后G20652位G709G2656G980G1022停G8502位“1”，G8886G10317G10587可G2476，根G6466G4462时器1的G9334G1998G10587计G12651。G7053式G21G28位UG36RG55，1帧信G5699为11位，其中G980位G17227始位“G19”G451八位G6980G6466位G708先G1314位后G20652位G709，G980位控制位G708第九位G709G2656G980G1022停G8502位“1”。G8886G10317G10587为振荡G20069G10587的1G18G254G61221G18G22G21A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A14A15