浅析我国发展国际保理存在的问题及对策 英文文献和翻译

THESTUDYOFINTERNATIONALFACTORINGBUSINESSINTHEPROCESSOFFINANCINGATTHEFRONTENDOFSUPPLYCHAINBASEDONCHINESESMALLANDMEDIUMSIZEDEXPORTMANUFACTURES1CURRENTDEVELOPMENTOFGLOBALFACTORINGSINCE1960S,FACTORINGBUSINESSHASGOTGREATDEVELOPMENTACCORDINGTOTHESTATISTICBYFCIFACTORS（CHAININTERNATIONAL,THEGROSSREVENUEOFFACTORINGHASREACHEDTO10165BILLIONEURODOLLAREQUALTO）13011BILLIONUSDVIEWEDINTHETERMOFFACTORINGTYPE,DOMESTICFACTORINGEARNINGHASBEENUPON930BILLIONEUDOLLARS,865BILLIONFORINTERNATIONALFACTORINGFACTORINGHASDEVELOPEDVERYRAPIDLYINTHEPASTFEWYEARSGLOBALREVENUEHASINCREASEDBY83THANTHATIN1999AMONGTHEMARKETSOFFACTORINGINDIFFERENTAREA,THEEUMARKETISTHEMOSTMATUREONEWHICHSHARED71OFTOTALMARKETIN2005USANDJAPANHAVEDEVELOPEDMATUREMARKETCOMPARATIVELY,9MARKETSHAREFORUS,7FORJAPANIFWESEEFACTORINGFROMTHERANGEOFGOODS,THESERVICEOBJECTOFFACTORINGHASEXPANDEDFROMNORMALCONSUMPTIVEGOODSTOCAPITALGOODS,INCLUDINGWORKSHOP,EQUIPMENTANDMACHINERYINTHEASPECTOFSERVICEMETHOD,FACTORINGHASANOBVIOUSTRENDOFMODIFYINGITTECHNOLOGYANDAPPLYINGITWIDELYINTOTHEFACTORINGINDUSTRYATPRESENT,FCIANDIFGAREMAINGLOBALORGANIZATIONSWITHGREATINFLUENCE,WHICHHAVE290MEMBERSDISTRIBUTEDIN61COUNTRIESANDAREASSOMEOFTHESEMEMBERSAREWORLDFAMOUSBANKERS,MULTINATIONALCORPORATIONSANDFACTORINGCOMPANIESATTACHEDTOFINANCIALSECTORS2CURRENTSTATUSOFDOMESTICFACTORINGANDPROBLEMS21HISTORYANDCURRENTCONDITIONINFACTORINGINTERNATIONALFACTORINGHASALATESTARTANDLOWRATEDEVELOPMENTFROMTHEBEGINNING,INEXPORTENTERPRISESSETTLEDBYL/C,REMITTANCEWITHDEVELOPMENTOFOURINTERNATIONALTRADE,EXPORTENTERPRISESINCREASINGLYACKNOWLEDGETHEADVANTAGEOFFACTORINGININTERNATIONALTRADEIN1988,CHINABANKFIRSTLYDEVELOPEDINTERNATIONALFACTORINGTILLNOW,THEREHAVEBEEN12BANKSBECOMINGFCIMEMBERS,INCLUDINGFOURSTATEOWNEDCOMMERCIALBANKS,SEVENSTOCKCOMMERCIALBANKSANDONEFOREIGNBANKINADDITION,PROFESSIONALINTERNATIONALFACTORINGCOMPANIESHAVEESTABLISHEDBELONGINGTOIFGMEMBERINTIANJINFROMTHEDEVELOPMENTOFRECENTYEARS,DESPITEOFBIGINCREASEININTERNATIONALFACTORING,COMPAREDTOOVERONETHOUSANDBILLIONUSDOFTRADEVOLUMEANDWHOLEWORLDFACTORINGVOLUME,THEDEVELOPMENTISLIMITEDWITHLARGEPOTENTIALDEVELOPMENTRANGECALCULATEDBYFCI,IN2005,OURFACTORINGVOLUMEIS583BILLIONEURO,THEREINTODOMESTICFACTORINGIS415BILLION,INTERNATIONALFACTORING168BILLION22MAINPROBLEMSINOURFACTORINGDEVELOPMENTCALCULATEDFROMCHINABANKINTRODUCINGFACTORING,OURFACTORINGHASDEVELOPEDFOR18YEARS,ITSVOLUMEHASREACHEDCERTAINSCALEHOWEVER,FROMWHOLE,FACTORINGDEVELOPMENTISJUSTINTHEVERYBEGINNINGCOMPAREDTOOURECONOMICSCALEANDTRADEVOLUME,OURFACTORINGISSTILLINAVERYLOWLEVELIN2005,WHOLEYEARVOLUMEOCCUPIESONLY03INGDPMAINPROBLEMSINOURFACTORINGAREASBELLOWS1CURRENTLYDOMESTICFACTORINGISMANAGEDBYBANKSBASICALLYBUTINSPECIFICPRACTICE,FACTORINGISSEENASBANKBUSINESS,ITSOPERATIONANDVALUATIONTODOMESTICFACTORINGCLIENTARESIMILARTOBANKLOANCLIENTSAREALWAYSLARGEANDNOTSMALLANDMIDDLEENTERPRISES2NOWINTERNATIONALFACTORINGHASALOWACCEPTANCEINCHINAMOSTOFMIDDLEANDSMALLENTERPRISESDONOTKNOWFACTORINGYETININTERNATIONALTRADEINIMEXPORTENTERPRISES,L/CISSTILLTHEMAINSETTLEMENTMANNER3MANYINEXPORTCOMPANIESSETLIMITATIONTOFACTORINGCHINASTILLHASMANYDIFFERENTSCALETRADECOMPANIES,WHICHHOLDTHEPURCHASINGINFORMATIONANDORDERSOFFOREIGNCOMPANIES,LOOKINGFORFACTORIESANDEARNINGPROFITFROMBUSINESSINEXPORTTRADECOMPANIESINMIDDLEALSOSETLIMITATIONTOFACTORING3CURRENTCONDITIONANALYSISINFINANCINGOFSMALLANDMEDIUMSIZEDEXPORTMANUFACTURESINCHINA31FINANCINGCURRENTCONDITIONOFSMALLANDMEDIUMSIZEDEXPORTMANUFACTURESIN2005,OURINEXPORTTRADEHASACONTINUOUSFOURYEARHIGHRATEINCREASINGWITHWHOLEVOLUMEOF142THOUSANDBILLIONUSD,WHICHINCREASESBY232TOLASTYEARTHEREINTO,EXPORTINCREASEDS284,IMPORTINCREASES176INTERNATIONALTRADEVOLUMEISLISTASTHIRDSAFELYINCOMMODITYSTRUCTURE,EXPORTPRODUCTSAREMAINLYCENTRALIZEDASINDUSTRYFINISHEDPRODUCTS,ESPECIALLYLIGHTINDUSTRYPRODUCTSANDINTERMSOFTRADEMODE,PROCESSTRADESURPLUSAREMUCHLARGERTHANNORMALTRADESURPLUSINTERMSOFDOMESTICTRADE,FOREIGNANDCOLLECTIVITYOWNEDCOMPANIESAREDEVELOPMENTTRENDSINCURRENTTIMEANDFUTURETWOHAVEOCCUPIES74INEXPORTAND69INIMPORT,HOLDINGABSOLUTEPREPONDERANCEPOSITIONTHEREINTO,FOREIGNCOMPANIESHAVESTRONGINDUSTRYINTERNATIONALCOMPETITIONWITHINTERNATIONALMARKETINGNET,HITECHANDMODERNMANAGEMENTSKILLSINADDITION,WITHINCREASINGDEVELOPMENTININTERNATIONALTRADE,COLLECTIVITYOWNEDANDPRIVATEENTERPRISESHAVEAKINDOFSPECIALEXPORTIMPETUSINSHORTTERMACCORDINGTOTHESURVEY,CHINESEEXPORTENTERPRISESAREENCOUNTERINGDIFFICULTIESININVESTMENTOFLAND,BUILDINGANDEQUIPMENTBECAUSEOFLIMITEDOWNMONEYTHESHORTOFMONEYLIMITSNEXTDEVELOPMENTINSOCONVENIENTFINANCINGBECOMESAKEYFACTORINDECIDINGENTERPRISEDEVELOPMENTANDINEXPORTBUSINESSDEVELOPMENTGENERALLY,ITSAPOPULARPHENOMENONINCHINATHATTHEEXPORTORIENTEDSMESSMALLMEDIUMENTERPRISESAREDIFFICULTTOGETSUFFICIENTFINANCING,WHICHRESULTEDFROMTHEENTERPRISESTHEMSELVES,THEBANKSPOLICIES,SOCIALENVIRONMENTS,ETCFIRSTLY,INRESPECTOFTHEENTERPRISES,THECHINESEEXPORTORIENTEDENTERPRISESHAVESOMEGENERALDISADVANTAGES,SUCHASSMALLSCALEDPRODUCTIONENTITIES,NARROWINFORMATIONCHANNELS,WEAKABILITIESTOSOLVERISKS,FEWKINDSOFPRODUCTS,LOWERTECHNOLOGYCOMPONENTS,ANDSOON,WHICHMAKETHEMEASILYBEIMPACTEDBYTHEFIERCECOMPETITIONINTHEOVERSEASMARKETSONTHEOTHERHAND,THEUNHEALTHINESSACCOUNTINGSYSTEMS,UNTRANSPARENCEFINANCIALINFORMATIONDISCLOSEDANDUNSTANDARDIZATIONFINANCIALSTATEMENTSBRINGDIFFICULTIESTOTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENBANKSANDTHEENTERPRISES,INCREASETHELOANRISKSANDRISKCONTROLCOSTSINADDITION,SINCEPARTSOFIMPORT/EXPORTCOMPANIESARENEWSETUPS,THEYNEEDMUCHMOREFINANCINGSUPPORTBUTTHEYSELDOMOBTAINENOUGHBANKFACILITIESBECAUSEOFTHEIRNATUREOFNEWENTITIESHIGHERGEARINGRATIO,WEAKPROFITABILITY,INADEQUATECASHFLOW,ASWELLASPOORCAPITALSTRUCTURE,WHICHCOULDNOTBEAPPROVEDBYBANKSCREDITCOMMITTEESSECONDLY,INRESPECTOFTHEBANKS,ALONGWITHTHEREFORMOFSTATEOWNEDCOMMERCIALBANKSANDMARKETDRIVENREFORMOFINTERESTRATE,COMMERCIALBANKSHAVETOSTRENGTHENTHECREDITCONTROLPROCEDURESANDTHEINTERNALACCOUNTINGSYSTEMS,SLOWERDOWNTHECREDITAPPROVALSTHEBANKSADOPTTHEMEASURESOF“COLLECTIVEMANAGEMENT,COLLECTIVEOPERATION”TOGENERALLYCONTROLTHECREDITAUTHORITIES,REDUCETHECREDITAUTHORITIESFROMLOWERMANAGEMENTLEVELS,INCREASETHEPROCEDURESFORCREDITAPPLICATIONS,PROLONGTHECREDITAPPROVALPERIODSTHEBANKSHAVECONNECTEDEACHCREDITWITHITSDIRECTSUPERINTENDENTANDWILLREMAINTHERESOURCERIGHTFORALLTHETIME,WHICHMAKETHECREDITSUPERINTENDENTBECOMEMOREPRUDENTTOEXPLOREBANKINGOPPORTUNITIESESPECIALLYTOIMPORT/EXPORTCOMPANIES,THECREDITSUPERINTENDENTSAREALWAYSNOTACTIVETOTOUCHINVIEWTHATTHEYARENOTFAMILIARWITHINTERNATIONALCREDITPRODUCTSANDCOULDNOTBEASACTIVEASBEFORETHIRDLY,INRESPECTOFTHESOCIALENVIRONMENTS,COMMERCIALBANKSHAVETOPAYMOREATTENTIONTOTHECREDITRISKSBECAUSEOFTHEPOORCREDITENVIRONMENTSFORTHETIMEBEING,ITSNOTDIFFICULTTOSEETHATSOMECOMPANIESORINDIVIDUALSDEFAULTTHEBANKDEBTSWITHCERTAINPURPOSEIFITISTHECASE,COMMERCIALBANKSUSUALLYCOULDNOTGETBACKTHELOANPRINCIPALS,SOTHATDETERIORATEDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEBANKSANDTHEBORROWERSANDIMPACTEDTHEBANKSISSUANCEOFLOANS32TYPICALINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGONTHESUPPLYCHAINSUPPLYCHAINMEANSBASEDONTHEBUYERSDEMAND,THENFORMSANETWORK,COVERINGVARIOUSMANUFACTURINGANDCOMMERCIALACTIVITIES,SUCHASDESIGNINGTHEPRODUCT,SUPPLYINGRAWMATERIALS,MANUFACTURINGANDPROCESSING,WHOLESALING,RETAILING,ANDTHENDELIVERINGTHEPRODUCTTOTHEENDUSERINRECENTYEARS,BECAUSEOFLARGESCALEDENTERPRISESEXHIBITEDTHEIRSTRONGFOCUSESONTHESUPPLYCHAINS,THESTATUSOFSUPPLYCHAINISMOREIMPORTANTDAYBYDAYWHILE,LARGESCALEDENTERPRISESREQUESTSFORZEROSTOCKTRANSFERARELATIVEPARTOFMANAGEMENTCOSTSANDFUNDINGCOSTSTOTHEIRUPSTREAMORDOWNSTREAMCOMPANIES,WHICHBRINGOUTTHEFINANCINGISSUESTOTHOSESMESTHEFINANCINGISSUESALSOREVERTTOLARGESCALEDENTERPRISESBYDESTROYTHESTABILITYOFSUPPLYCHAINSOASTOPLANTPOTENTIALSFORTHEIRNORMALOPERATIONSINTERNATIONALTRADEFINANCINGMEANSBASEDONTHEBANKCREDITOFIMPORTERSANDEXPORTERSASWELLASTHEINTERNATIONALTRADEBACKGROUND,THEBANKSPROVIDESHORTTERMORMEDIUMTERMFACILITIESTOIMPORTERS/EXPORTS/CORRESPONDINGBANKSTOFINANCETHEINTERNATIONALTRADEBUSINESSESITHASTHECHARACTERISTICSOFLOWERRISKS,SHORTERPERIODS,STRONGERREPAYMENTABILITIES,TRADEBACKGROUND,ETCTHEREFORE,THERESEARCHFORRENOVATINGTHEFINANCINGPRODUCTSSOASTOPROVIDETRADEFINANCINGTOSMALLMEDIUMSCALESCOMPANIESONTHESUPPLYCHAINSBECOMESSOMUCHSIGNIFICANTTOEXPORTORIENTEDCOMPANIESINCHINALETSTAKEALOOKOFTEMPLATEONEWEFINDTHATTYPICALSUPPLYCHAINMAYCREATEFINANCINGNEEDSFROMTHREERESPECTSCASHINADVANCE,ACCOUNTRECEIVABLEANDINVENTORYTHEINTRODUCTIONSOFTHESEFINANCIALPRODUCTSASFOLLOWS1FINANCINGFROMCASHINADVANCETHISMEANSCOMPANIESMAYCOLLECTCASHINADVANCEFROMTHEBUYERSTOCREATEASHORTTERMCASHINFLOW/FINANCINGTHISMETHODISBASEDONTHECOMPANIESCOMMERCIALCREDITSFUNDINGCOSTISLOWERUSUALLYITSADOPTEDINTHELONGPRODUCTIONCYCLE,HIGHERSELLINGPRICE,HIGHLYDEMANDEDPRODUCTSFORINSTANCE,REALESTATEDEVELOPEROFTENREQUIRESTHERESIDENT/BUYERTOPAYACERTAINPERCENTAGEOFTHETOTALSELLINGAMOUNTINADVANCE,SOASTOBORROWMONEYFROMTHEBUYERSTOPARTIALLYRELEASETHEFUNDINGPRESSUREBUTTHISMETHODISSELDOMAPPLIEDBYSMESONTHESUPPLYCHAIN2LOGISTICALWAREHOUSINGFINANCINGTHISMEANSCOMPANIESPLEDGETHEINVENTORIESORTHEPRODUCTSINTRANSITTOTHEFINANCIALINSTITUTIONSTOGENERATEFINANCINGATPRESENT,LOGISTICALWAREHOUSINGFINANCINGCOULDBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIESONEISVERTICALCREDITAUTHORIZINGMODELCOMMERCIALBANKSANALYZETHELOGISTICCOMPANIESBUSINESSPERFORMANCESANDGRANTCREDITFACILITIESTOTHOSELOGISTICCOMPANIESLOGISTICCOMPANIESHAVETOBERESPONSIBLEFORTHECREDITADMINISTRATIONANDRISKCONTROLUNDERTHISMODEL,COMMERCIALBANKSMAYREDUCETHEIRCREDITOPERATINGCOSTSANDTRANSFEROUTTHECREDITRISKSTHEOTHERONEISINVENTORIESFINANCINGMODELCOMMERCIALBANKSCOOPERATEWITHLOGISTICCOMPANIESANDJOINTLYPROVIDEINVENTORIESFINANCINGTOTHECOMPANIESTHEBANKSMUSTPROVIDESPECIALSERVICEPLATFORMANDMANAGEMENTACCOUNTTOINVENTORIESFINANCING,ASWELLTHECREDITRISKEVALUATINGABILITIESLOGISTICCOMPANIESPROVIDELOGISTICALANDINFORMATIONSUPPORTTOCOMPANIES3ACCOUNTRECEIVABLESFINANCINGTHISMEANSTOOBTAINFINANCINGFROMFINANCIALINSTITUTIONSAGAINSTACCOUNTRECEIVABLES,INCLUDINGTWOMETHODS1PLEDGETHEACCOUNTRECEIVABLESTHATISTHEBORROWERPLEDGESTHEACCOUNTRECEIVABLESTOTHEBANKTOGETFINANCINGINADVANCE,ANDREPAYTHEBANKONCEITRECEIVESTHEPAYMENTS2FACTORINGTHATISPACKINGTHEACCOUNTRECEIVABLESTOCOMMERCIALBANKSORFACTORINGAGENTSTOGETFINANCINGANDTHEBORROWER,MEANWHILE,GIVEUPTHEREIMBURSEMENTRIGHTS3FACTORINGASSISTSTHESUPPLIERTOSURVIVEFROMTHECREDITSALESBESIDESPRODUCTSQUALITY,PRICING,AFTERSALESSERVICES,THROUGHTHEFAVORABLEPAYMENTTERMSSUPPLIERCANSTRENGTHENITSCORECOMPETENCE4INTERNATIONALFACTORINGMAYPUSHSMESTOENLARGETHEEXPORTBUSINESSINTERNATIONALFACTORINGADOPTSDOUBLEFACTORINGSYSTEMSTODILUTETHEEXPORTERSCONFUSIONRAISEDFROMTHELESSUNDERSTANDINGOFFOREIGNLAWS,CUSTOMS,ETC,TOMITIGATETHECREDITRISKFORLESSUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEIMPORTERSCREDITANDTHEFOREIGNMARKET,TOSHORTENTHECOLLECTIONPERIOD,TOAVOIDTHEEXCHANGERATERISK,SOASTOIMPROVETHEEXPORTBUSINESSNOWADAYS,FACTORINGISACCEPTABLETOSMESANDHASBEENLISTEDINTOTHEOPENINGPROJECTSINWTOBILATERALAGREEMENTNEWRESEARCHONSUPPLYCHAINFRONTENDFINANCINGBYINTERNATIONALFACTORING4BACKGROUNDINTHESUPPLYCHAIN,EXPORTDRIVENSMESALWAYSNEEDLARGEWORKINGCAPITALSINCETHEHIGHDEMANDINOVERSEASMARKETSANDIMPROVEDINVENTORYMANAGEMENTQUALITY,THEWORKINGCAPITALISLESSUTILIZEDININVENTORYWORKINGCAPITALNEEDSOFTENCAUSEDFROMPURCHASINGRAWMATERIALS,INSTALLINGNEWEQUIPMENTS,EXPANDINGPRODUCTIONCAPACITYANDACCOUNTRECEIVABLESOFTENCAUSESHORTAGEOFWORKINGCAPITALITSPOPULARTHATSMESINCHINACOULDNOTCOMMITFOREIGNORDERSBECAUSEOFSHORTAGEOFWORKINGCAPITALTRADITIONALFACTORINGOFFERSFINANCINGTOTHELASTPARTOFSUPPLYCHAINTOSOLVETHEACCOUNTRECEIVABLESFINANCINGBUTITSDOLESSTOTHEFRONTENDFINANCING,ISPURCHASINGEQUIPMENTANDEXPANDINGCAPACITYTHISCOULDBECONCLUDEDFROMBELOWTWOREASONS1FACTORINGISSTILLINTHEPRELIMINARYSTAGEINCHINA,SOTHEREISLITTLECASESTUDYTOFULLYPERFORMTHEADVANTAGESOFFACTORING2CURRENTLY,THEBANKSARETHEMAJORFINANCIALINSTITUTIONSTODOFACTORINGFRONTENDFINANCINGINSUPPLYCHAINISRISKY,WHICHREQUESTSTHEBANKSTOIMPROVETHEMANAGEMENTANDCONCEPTOURBANKSHAVENOTQUALIFIEDTODOFACTORINGATPRESENTSTAGEALONGWITHTHEGROWINGFACTORINGMARKET,THEFACTORINGFUNCTIONDEVELOPMENT,ITSREALISTICFOROURBANKSTOPROMOTEFACTORINGTOFINANCETHEFRONTENDINTHESUPPLYCHAIN,WHICHCOULDONLYHELPSSMESFINANCING,BUTALSOIMPROVESTHEEFFICIENCYOFTHESUPPLYCHAINASANEWFINANCINGINNOVATIONPRODUCTION,THEFRONTENDOFSUPPLYCHAINFINANCEOFTHEINTERNATIONALFACTORINGINEVITABLYHASSOMERISKTHEFOLLOWSARETHEPOSSIBLERISKANDRELEVANTCOUNTERMEASURESIRISKSOTHEFRONTENDOFSUPPLYCHAINFINANCEOFTHEINTERNATIONALFACTORINGRISKSFROMTHESUPPLIERDEFAULTRISKTHESUPPLYOFTHEGOODSISNOTINTIMEORDONOTMEETTHEQUALITYREQUIREMENT,ANDTHEREBYAFFECTTHEPRODUCTIONSCHEDULE2RISKSFROMTHEPROCESSINGFACTORY1DEFAULTRISKCANNOTORGANIZETHEPRODUCTIONEFFICIENTLY,CAUSETHEDELAYOFTHEPRODUCINGTIMELIMIT,ORTHEFINALPRODUCTIONDONOTMEETSTHEREQUIREMENTOFTHEIMPORTERBTHECREDITRISKPUTTHERAWMATERIALORMACHINERYINTOOTHERUSES,NOTACCOMPLISHTHEORDERACCORDINGTOTHEAGREEMENT3，THERISKSFROMTHEIMPORTERATHECREDITRISKTHATCANNOTEFFECTTHEGOODSPAYMENTINTIMEBTHERISKSCAUSEDBYTHETRADEDISSENSIONIITHECOUNTERMEASURESTOTHERISKSAIMINGATTHEMAINRISKSABOVE,THEFACTORS,ASTHEKERNELOFTHESUPPLYCHAIN,SHOULDTAKETHEDIFFERENTMEASURESTOKEEPAWAYANDRESOLVETHERISKS1、CHOOSETHEEXPERIENCEDOVERSEASFACTORSTHROUGHTHEINTERNATIONALFACTORINGORGANIZATION,TOMAKEINVESTIGATIONONTHEOVERSEASIMPORTER,ANDSELECTTHELARGEINTERNATIONALENTERPRISEWHICHHASLARGESCALEANDGOODPOPULARITYASTHEIMPORTER2、SELECTTHEENTERPRISEWHICHHAVEFINESCALEANDABILITY,SOMECAPITALOWNED,BUTCANNOTMAKEREPRODUCTIONENLARGEMENTANDMEETTHELARGERORDERDUETOITSLIMITEDSCALE,ASTHEPROCESSINGFACTORY3、THESELECTEDPROCESSINGFACTORY,SHOULDHAVESETUPTHERELATIVELYSTABLESUPPLYDEMANDRELATIONSWITHITSUPRIVERSUPPLIERANDOVERSEASPURCHASERS,ANDTHETIMEOFFACTORINGMADEONITSHOULDBESEVERALANDNOTONCETHATISTOSAY,THEFACTORSSHOULDSTRIVEFORTHEWHOLEPURCHASEFORTHESERIESFUNDSRECEIVABLEMAKETHEGLOBALFACTORINGFORTHESAMEKINDSOFORDERSINONEYEARORALONGERPERIOD4、PERFECTTHECONTRACTMANAGEMENTNOWADAYSTHELAWSAIMINGATTHEFACTORINGARENOTPERFECTINCHINA,THEREFORE,THERESHOULDBEFLAWLESSCONTRACTTERMSANDCONDITIONSINTHECAPITALOPERATIONOFTHEWHOLESUPPLYCHAIN,INORDERTORESTRICTTHEPARTIESONTHESUPPLYCHAIN国际保理在供应链前端融资过程中的研究基于我国中小规模的出口制造商一、全球保理业务的发展现状20世纪60年代以来，保理业务已取得长足的发展。根据由FCI公司统计，保理总收入已达到1016500亿欧元美元（等于130110亿美元）。在保理类型长期来看，国内保理收入已达到93000亿美元，欧盟，国际保理为865亿美元。保理业务发展十分迅速，在过去数年，全球收入增长了83，高于1999年。在不同地区之间的保理市场，欧盟市场是最成熟的一个，是在2005年共同市场总额的71。美国和日本是已经发展的相对成熟的市场，美国占据9的市场份额，日本占据7。如果我们从货保范围看，保理服务的对象已扩大到普通消费品的资本货物，包括厂房，G16786G3803和G7438G7812。在服务G7053G5347G7053G19766，在服务G7053G8873G7053G19766，保理G7389一个G7138G7186的G17247G2195，G5203G8879G17839入G1474G6925IG55G6228G7427和G5224G11004资G16771G12197G6228。G11458G2081，FCI和IFG42是G7389G5052大G5445G2721的G1039G16213全球G5627G13464G13467，G7389290G2529成G2604分G5079在61个国G4490和地区。G1866G1025一G1135成G2604是世G11040G14891G2529的G19146G15904G4490，G17340国公司和G18341G15713G18108G19388的保理公司。G1120、国内保理业务的现状和G19394G200761、保理业务的G2394G2502G994现状国际保理的G7114间G17751G17843，发展G17751G5942。从一G5332G3999，G1998G2487G1237业由G47G18CG7053G5347G16311G1927G8731G8466。G19555G11540我国国际G17164G7143的发展，G1998G2487G1237业日G11422G16760G16794到保理在国际G17164G7143G1025的G1260G2195。1988年，G1025国G19146G15904G20330G1820G5332发国际保理。G6142G14279G11458G2081，已G738912G4490G19146G15904成为FCI公司的成G2604，G1866G1025包括G3247G4490国G7389G2842业G19146G15904，7G4490G13941份G2058G2842业G19146G15904和一G4490G3818国G19146G15904。G8504G3818，G999业的国际保理公司在G3837G8953G5326G12447了G4658于IFG42的成G2604，从G17829G1972年的发展来看，G4625G12661国际保理业务大G5145增长，G13792G994G17241过1000亿美元的G17164G7143额G994G6984个世G11040的保额相G8616，国际保理在G7389G19492的范围内发展G9520G2159G5468大。FCI公司计G12651，2005年，我们的保理业务G18339为5830亿欧元，G1306到国内保理是G2315亿，国际保理G1177G7389168亿。2、我国发展保理业务的G1039G16213G19394G20076由G1025国G19146G15904G6524G12651，我们的保理业务已G738918年的发展，G1866数G18339已达到一G4462的G16280G8181。G9994G13792，从G6984G1319G13792G16340，保理业务的发展，G2494是G2030G8505入G17227G8505G19466段。相对于我们的经济G16280G8181和G17164G7143额，我们的保理仍处于G5468低的水平。2005年，全年国内生产总值G1025占G7389G18339G2494G738903。在我们的保理业务的G1039G16213G19394G20076如下（1）G11458G2081国内保理是G19146G15904G12661理的基本。G1306在具G1319实践G1025，保理业务是G19146G15904业务，G1866运作和估价国内保理客户端看到的是类似于G19146G15904贷G8466。客户通常都G5468大，G13792不是G1025小G1237业。（2）现在，国际保理公司在G1025国接受低。G1025小型G1237业大多不知道保理。在G17839G1998G2487G1237业G1025，国际G17164G7143G47G18C是仍G9994是G1039G16213的结G12651G7053G5347。（3）许多G1998G2487保理公司G16786置G19492G2058。G1025国仍G9994G7389许多不同G16280G8181的G17164G7143公司，这G1135公司持G7389的购买信息和G3818国公司的订单，工厂从G2081瞻G5627和赚取G2842业利润G1998发，G1998G2487G17164G7143公司在G1025间还G16786置G19492G2058保理。三、在G1025国G1025小型G1998G2487G15713资的现状分析1、G15713资的G1025小型G2058成品G1998G2487的现状2005年，我们在G1998G2487G17164G7143上已连续G23年高G5145度，达到1G2320亿美元，G8616去年的G6984G1319数G18339上升了232。G1866G1025，G1998G2487增长28G23，G17839G2487增长176。国际G17164G7143额作为第三G7053，从G2842品结构看，G1998G2487产品G1039G16213集G1025在工业G2058成品，尤G1866是轻工产品，在G17164G7143G7053G5347上，加工G17164G7143盈余远高于正常的G17164G7143盈余增加。在国内G17164G7143G7053G19766，G3818国和集G1319拥G7389的公司在当G2081和今后的发展G17247G2195，占G73897G23和69G17839G2487，持G7389绝对G1260G2195的地位。G3818国公司G7389强大的产业G994国际营销网络，高新G6228G7427和现代G12661理G6228能的国际竞争。G8504G3818，G19555G11540国际G17164G7143的发展，集G1319，国G7389和民营G1237业的G1998G2487在短期内难以G6524动发展。据调查，G1025国G1998G2487G1237业在土地投资、G5326筑上，因为自己G7389G19492的资G18341和G16786G3803G13792遇到困难。对G18341钱的G19492G2058，G7053便的G15713资，未来的发展，已成为G1927G4462G1237业发展和G1998G2487业务发展的关键因素。一般来说，在G1025国一个以G1998G2487为导向的G1025小G1237业（G1025小型G1237业）难以得到足够的资G18341，从G1237业本身，社会环境等G7053G19766，造成流G15904的现象的G1237业，G1025国G1998G2487型G1237业G7389一G1135，如小G16280G8181生产实G1319，信息渠道狭窄，一般G16311G1927风险能G2159弱，产品种类少，G6228G7427低等，使他们G5468容G7143在海G3818市场的激G9884竞争受G5445G2721。G2490一G7053G19766，G13864G2524国G1593全会计G2058度，G19762G17142务信息G6271G19718的G17891G7138G5627和G19762G7643G1946G2282的G17142务G6265G15932G19146G15904和G1237业之间的G8819通G5114来困难，增加贷G8466风险和风险G6523G2058成本。G8504G3818，由于G17839G1998G2487公司是新G16786置，他们G19668G16213G7368多的G15713资G6915持。G1306因为他们新的实G1319G5627不够，G5468少G14731得G19146G15904贷G8466资产G17139G1550G8616G10587高，盈利能G2159弱，G13582G1059现G18341流G18339，以G2462G6218G17151资G18341结构，G4439不能由G4008G2604会G6221G1946。G1866G8437，在G19146G15904G7053G19766，G19555G11540国G7389G2842业G19146G15904和市场G20549动的利G10587G6925G19773的，G2842业G19146G15904G16213加强信贷G12661理G12255G5219和内G18108会计G2058度，G19489低信贷G4469G6221G5942的G19394G20076。G16825G19146G15904G18331取G256集G1319G12661理，集G1319经营G257的总G1319G6523G2058信贷G7438构，G1955少G12661理G4630G8437G17751低的信贷G7438构，增加信贷G11015G16843的G12255G5219，信贷G4469G6221G7114间G5322长的G6526G7057。G16825G19146G15904已连接G4439的G11464接G11429G2520信贷，G5194G4570G13499续为G6164G7389的G7114间，使信贷G2476得G7368加G16892G5922，G6