高三语法精讲：名词性从句

1、名词性从句,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做- 表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中-,主语,宾语,表语,同位语,1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,为什么叫名词性从句？ _,整个从句相当于一个名词,比较:,The man looked around. That the boy fai

2、led again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质,I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 为什么要有名词性从句？,那人看了看四周. (名词作主语),那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望. (从句作主语),我知道他在房间里写作文.,从句的特征:,是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分 (that 除外),名词能做的成分,从句都能做,从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多,主语从句,that whethe

3、r who whom whose what which when where why how,从 句 引导词:,1. That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3. When he will come is unknown .,4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他什么时候来不清楚.,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.

4、,主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It,主语太长了!放到句尾,Details,Details,Details,Details,That无词义,不可省略,What “什么”, “所.的”,2. What surprised me was to see him here .,When “什么时候”,主语从句不用 if,位于句首,It 作主语的常用句型有:,1. It + be +形容词 + that 从句,2. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句,3. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought.) + that

5、从句,4. It +不及物动词(seem/happen.) + that 从句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is said that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳. 碰巧那天我外出了. 他考试肯定会考好. 据说他已告诉了她一切.,注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说: It looks a

6、s if.,happen只有 it 句型,It is said只有 it 句型,More,用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构,It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计),It

7、turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是),It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出),用 it 句型翻译:,据说今年高一学生要学新教材. 事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务. 碰巧他们已经参加过军训了. 众所周知, 比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人. 我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.,It is said that the Senior Grade one students w

8、ill learn a new text this year.,It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.,It happened that they had had their military training.,It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.,It is important that we (should) form a good habit of studying.,Note: It is importan

9、t/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb (should) do sth. 固定句型, should可以省略,翻译: 真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,strange不省略should为好,表语从句,从 句 同主语从句 (11个), 外加as if / 引导词: as though,1. The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.,2. The question is whethe

10、r w can finish the experiment by Friday.,3. It looks as if it were going to rain.,实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略,问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用 if,4. This school is no longer what it was before.,这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that,More,系动词后面,注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法,This is where Lu Xun once lived.

11、That was how they won the match. This is why she got up so early this morning.,这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.,他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.,这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.,我们就是这样克服困难的. 那就是他昨天缺席的原因. 这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.,This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.,That is why he was absent yesterday.,This is where we met last Sunday.,This i

12、s 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作,固定句型: This is where This is why This is how.,这就是的地方,这就是的原因,这就是的方法,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works hard

13、er than the others do.,宾语从句,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether

14、 I hurt her feeling.,2.注意 whether和if的使用区别,Practice time,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,I doubt if / whether h

15、e will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match. Do you doubt that he did it on his own?,doubt问题,肯定句中用 if / whether,否定句中用 that,疑定句中用 that,I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out . Does he doubt _ you are from Austria? Im doubtful _ he will agree

16、to this.,if / whether,that,that,if / whether,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语,The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him. (任何一个),5. It depends on if we have enou

17、gh time.,whether we have enough time.,介词后面不用 if,that,what,how,whoever,6. Are you sorry for which you have done?,what you have done?,介词后面不用 which,宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语,Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. We were surprised that he lost the game.,我恐怕要迟到了. that 可以省略,我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.,此类表语形容词有: afraid pleased happy

18、satisfied anxious sure surprised certain glad aware用它们造句,that 从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, save五个介词后面,M,We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible . (改用形式宾语 it ) 2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语 it ),我认为学

19、好英语是必要的.,I consider that we should learn English well necessary.,We consider her suitable for the job.,consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后,We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.,We have made it clear that a foreign language is usefu

20、l weapon in the struggle of life.,More,correction,The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him? I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary. Can you doubt if she will succeed? I worried about if my brother will r

21、eturn in time. She said that she has never told a lie. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris? Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge. That he said moved everyone present.,what,it necessary that this should b

22、e kept secret for the time being,that she will succeed ?,whether my brother will return in time.,had,will leave for Paris?,That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us,What,It seemed,which不做介词宾语,that不做介词宾语,从句缺少引导词,that不做句子成分,没有It look that表达式,同位语从句,被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opin

23、ion, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea,同位语从句说明它们的内容,常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词,The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear. The question how I did it is hard to answer.

24、They had no idea where they should go to find some food. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if ) A thought came to me that he might be in the library.,事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.,我怎么做的这一问题难回答.,他们根本不知去哪儿找食物,他是否来这个问题不重要.,我突然想到他可能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开,that 无词义,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are

25、on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of Eng

26、land was on a three-day visit in China.,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British pa

27、rents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids

28、in school.,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g.,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。,2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g.,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is wort

29、h considering. （同位语从句） 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。,e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouragin

30、g. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不

31、充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 分析: (注:划线的选项为最佳答案,下同.)在名词性从句中that与what的区别是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成分,只起连接作用;而what在名词性从句中不仅起

32、连接作用,而且作句子成分.句子的意思是:我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好.此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语.,考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式

33、主语.此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 分析:此题考查的是用先行词it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放到后面.其他几个词均不能作形式宾语.,考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例:The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our village look

34、 like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like,分析:在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈述句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有的学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题句子的意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中根据引导词what要作介词like的宾语,而副词how不能作介词like的宾语,所以首先排除C、D,而A项是疑问句语序,故只能选B。,考点之四:考查名词性从句中

35、的whether, if以及that的区别 考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 分析:句子的意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定. whether与if当是否讲时的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用whether,而不能用if. 考例2: What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover

36、from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 分析:本题句子的意思是:医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来.whether引导的是表语从句.,考例3: It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 分析:本题句子的意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作形式主语,that引导的是主语从句。whether, if以及that引导的名词性从句的区别是:whether与if(当是否讲时)引导的名词

37、性从句含有疑问意义;而that引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义。,考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 分析:本题句子的意思是:一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的.whatever引导的是宾语从句,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;而C. whicheve

38、r表示无论哪一个、无论哪些,表示在一定范围内的人或事物,此处并不涉及一定范围内的人或事物,所以也不能选.,考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 分析:本题句子的意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友.疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句.首先排除D.而选A. anyone则应在其后加who.

39、从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行.,考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 分析:本题选B.句子的意思是:大学生至少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语,that引导的主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。 (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should) +do,常用的句型有:I. It is

40、 necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so.,(2) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand,

41、request, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. (3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建议、请求、要求、决定等意思的词时,表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4) 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(s

42、hould)+do。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.,II. Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 3.I have no idea _he will com

43、e back. A. where B. when C. what D. that,II. Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that 6.Word has come _ some

44、 American guests will come for a visit to our college next week. A. what B. whether c. that D. which,典型错误及归纳,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.,Can you tell me ho

45、w many students there are in your class?,I dont know where he has gone.,The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.,规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. 5. My idea is that we must do our homework first. 6. His proposal that we went there on

46、foot is acceptable.,We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.,My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.,His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.,规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！,问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet. 8. It depends on if the weath

47、er is suitable for us to do it. 9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting. 10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.,Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.,It depends on whether the weather is .,The question is whether he himself will be present .,He asked

48、me whether I could go with him or not.,规律三：4种情况只能用whether ： （1）位于句子开头； （2）前面有介词； （3）引导表语从句； （4）与or not连用。,找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting. 3. Everybody considers it impossi

49、ble which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.,it,it,that,whether,规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助 “it” 而后置。,问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？,名词性从句试题集锦 1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true.

50、A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some m

51、oney. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that,7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his

52、 name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village lo