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1、Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and that the recognition process becomes correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simpl

2、e and familiar.虽然一些实验表明,当人们对某一物体熟悉之后,这个物体在内心中的形象变得更加完整,相应的对其的认知过程也更趋于平行,但是似乎有更重要的证据能够证明辩识过程是一系列的假说,至少对于不是特别简单或者熟悉的物体而言。As a representative system in which elected officials both determine government policy and elected officials are accountable to a broad-based electorate, polyarchy reinforce a diffu

3、sion of power away from any single center and a diffusion of power toward a variety of individuals, groups, and organizations.多元民主政治制度是一种代议制体制,在这个体制中,被选出来的官员不仅制定了政策,还要对广泛的选民负责。多元民主政治制度加强了权力从单一的中心向四周的扩散,并且使得权力流向不同的个人、团体和组织。Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of lawnotwithsta

4、nding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concernedthat its study is indispensible in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.就主题和积极立法而言,伊斯兰法律不可避免的与其他法律存在

5、着众多的相同之处。尽管如此,伊斯兰法律与其他所有形式的法律差异很大,为了尽可能的充分理解所有可能的法律现象的各个方面,对它的研究是必不可少的。The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found in oceanic islands, island believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material funda

6、mentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.这个既定事实最足以支撑地幔分层说:地层地幔上升形成了地幔柱状,地幔柱状又形成了一些海岛,这些海岛上的火山岩的成分完全不同于中部海脊的成分。大部分地质学家认为,中部海脊主要来源于上层地幔。In order to understand the nature of ecologists investigation, we may think of the densi

7、ty-dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” that ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that trends to make the population increase from relatively low values or that trends to make the population decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects ac

8、t to produce “noise” in the population dynamics.为了了解生态学家研究的实质,我们也许应该将关于增长参数的种群密度无关的效应视为一个“信号”,一些生态学家正在尝试分离这个效应,并解释其中的原因。这个“信号”一旦出现,就说明种群数量将会维持在一个相对稳定的水平,尽管与种群密度无关的效应将会使种群数量出现“异常值”。Yet those who stress the achievements of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus

9、without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or that had to be repressed in order to reach it.可是,虽然那些人不断强调殖民者之间成功的达成一项普遍共识,但是如果他们不明白为了达成这项共识就必须客服或者压制殖民者之间的冲突,那么他们就不能完全明白这项共识的意义。But the plays complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more “contradictory

10、” than Du Bois famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity, or the plays complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more “contradictory” than Fanons emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities

11、 and roles.但是,这出戏观点复杂,认为黑人的自尊意识与人类团结是可以相容的;Du Bois 著名的、深思熟虑的观点认为族群的自我意识与人类团结是可以共存;Fanon 不断强调理想中的国际主义应该也可以包含民族身份和角色。这三个观点都是不“矛盾的”。And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyranny and of restoring genuine equality “the abolition of the money outside its sphere”.Walzer认为,“阻止金钱在其领域之外产生作用”就可

12、以消灭暴政并恢复真正的平等。The Italian influence is likely, whatever Valdezs immediate source is: the Mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century Spanish writer inspired by encounters with Italian commedia dellarte troupes on tour in Spain.无论Valdez 的直接来源是什

13、么,他都有可能受到了意大利的影响:据说墨西哥的carpas戏剧来源于16世纪西班牙某作家的戏剧作品。该作家从在西班牙巡演的意大利commedia dellarte演出团那里得到了灵感,从而写出了这部戏剧作品。The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that its framer were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundry list of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizenship

14、 that forbids organized society from treating any individual as a member of an inferior class.修正案言辞宽泛,这强烈暗示了立法者并不是试图将一系列具体的权写入宪法,而是试图将保证每位公民都享有相同的公民权这条原则写进宪法,这可以禁止有组织的社会将任何个人当做下等阶级中的成员来对待。This was largely due to the enterprise of Watteaus friends who, soon after his death, organized the printing of

15、engraved reproductions of the great bulk of his workboth his paintings and his drawingsso that Watteaus total artistic output became and continued to be more accessible than that of any other artists until the twentieth-century advent of art monographs illustrated with photographs.这在很大程度上是由于Watteau的

16、朋友们的进取精神。他们在Watteau去世之后,就马上组织大批量印刷Watteau的版画复制品,其中包括他的油画和素描画。因此,相较于其它任何一位艺术家,Watteau的所有艺术作品变得更易被大众接受,并且在20世纪配有照片的艺术专题著作到来之前一直如此。This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or any interpretation of any novel is always

17、a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.并不是因为这样一种解释一定会僵化成一种理论,(虽然这部小说或者任何一部小说僵硬化的解释都不可取),而是因为呼啸山庄中有许多不顺从的元素,这些元素具有不容否认的力量,使得那些试图囊括一切的解释无力解释呼啸山庄。Even the “radical” critiques of this

18、 mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and the “radical” critiques are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.即使是像分裂的社会那样对主流研究模型进行“激进”批判,这些“激进”批判也机械的将种群之间相互融合归因于经济变动与社会流动。因此,这类批评无法解释为什么波多黎各人作为殖民地的少数民族,处于文化附属地位。While Humes history was generally seen as being less objectionable as his philosophy, there were widespread doubts about his moral soundness even as

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