shakespeare(sonnet)英国文学十四行诗

1、1,william shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚,2,who is shakespeare,3,艾汶河上斯特拉斯福：莎翁故居及塑像,4,莎翁部分作品：some works,poems,poems: i narrative: ballad, epic ii dramatic: dramatic monologue iii lyric (dealing with emotions, feelings): sonnet, ode, pastoral , elegy,a sonnet is,a lyric poem consisting of fourteen lines written i

2、n iambic pentameter with a definite rime scheme and a definite thought structure,end rhyme,rhyme (rime): the correspondence of two or more words with similar-sounding final syllables placed so as to echo one another. masculine rhyme, in which two words end with the same vowel consonant combination.

3、wife life feminine rhyme (sometimes called double rhyme), in which two syllables rhyme borrow sorrow,pararyhme (near rhyme）occurs when the two words are similar only in having identical final consonants (best / least). eye rhyme syllables are identical in spelling but are pronounced differently (cou

4、gh / plough,iambic pentameter consists of,five measures, units, or meters, of iambs,meter,an iamb is a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable ufollowed by an accented syllable / (i.e. a “soft” beat followed by a “loud” beat,u / a gain u / u / im mor tal ize,iambic pentameter,u / u / u /

5、u / u / one day i wrote her name u pon the strand, u / u / u / u / u / but came the waves and wash ed it a way: u / u / u / u / u / a gain i wrote it with a sec ond hand, u / u / u / u / u / but came the tide, and made my pains his prey edmund spenser, amoretti, sonnet 75,1 2 3 4 5,rime scheme,petra

6、rchan (italian) rime scheme: abba, abba, cd, cd, cd abba, abba, cde, cde the shakespearean (english, or elizabethan) sonnet is also called the english sonnet, with three four-line stanzas (quatrains) and a two-line unit called a couplet (对子). the rhyme scheme is as follows: first stanza (quatrain):

7、abab; second stanza (quatrain): cdcd; third stanza (quatrain): efef; couplet: gg,early modern english grammar,oe 4491150 me 1150- 1500 eme 1500-1700 me 1700- grammar: thee you as an object thou( pl. ye) you as a subject thou art thy ( thine) your possessive form of thou happiness eyes thine yours th

8、e possessive pronoun verbs after second person subject should end with (e)st thou would(e)st thou hast thou wast thou didst thou singest thou growest after third person in present tense: (e) th hath omitting of syllables,shakespeares sonnets,william shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets,the first 126 shakes

9、pearean sonnets to a handsome young man,the latter shakespearean sonnets are addressed to a dark lady of ill repute,reading structure to theme,structure: the form of a work. theme: the subject of a work. a good use of structure in a small literary form like a sonnet can enhance or emphasize the prog

10、ress of the theme. when reading shakespeare s sonnets, relate structure to theme. shakespeare builds on or varies his theme his main concern from quatrain to quatrain, using the couplet to deliver a dramatic concluding statement,rhyme scheme of sonnet 18,quatrain 1 a shall i compare thee to a summer

11、s day? b thou art more lovely and more temperate: a rough winds do shake the darling buds of may, b and summers lease hath all too short a date: quatrain 2c sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,. d and often is his gold complexion dimmd;. c and every fair from fair sometime declines, d by chanc

12、e or natures changing course untrimmd;. quatrain 3 e but thy eternal summer shall not fade,f nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;. e nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, f when in eternal lines to time thou growest:. couplet g so long as men can breathe or eyes can see, g so long

13、 lives this and this gives life to thee,quatrain 1: extravagant praise compares a summer day as less lovely and constant as the beloved. shall i compare thee to a summers day? thou art more lovely and more temperate: rough winds do shake the darling buds of may, and summers lease hath all too short

14、a date: 能不能让我来把你比作夏日？ 你可是更加可爱，更加温婉； 狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿， 夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂,paraphrasing,quatrain 1: shall i compare you to a day in summer that is very beautiful here in england? yet this comparison is not sufficient, because you are more beautiful and less extreme than the summer. the winds of summer are rou

15、gh on the budding life, and the duration of summer usually does not last very long,quatrain 2: the sun is sometimes too hot in summer or occasionally shaded. every beautiful thing becomes less beautiful through chance or time. sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, and often is his gold complexi

16、on dimmed, and every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or natures changing course, untrimmed: 有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热， 他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗； 每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落， 被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残,quatrain 2,sometimes the sun of summer is too hot, and at other times the summer suns golden face will be dimmed by clouds. every fair i

17、n nature becomes less and less with time passing by. the chance accidents, good or ill, or the changing process of nature will strip of its beauty. in this octave, shakespeare makes a comparison between summer and the beloved young man. it mainly talks about the beauty in nature. he gives comment up

18、on the imperfectness of the summer and comes to the conclusion that the fair in nature is not stable,sonnet 18,quatrain 3: transition in the sestet to counter that the beloveds beauty will not fade or die because of the poem. but thy eternal summer shall not fade,nor lose possession of that fair tho

19、u owst,nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade,when in eternal lines to time thou growst, 但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯， 你永远不会失去你美的形相； 死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅， 你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长,quatrain 3,however, your beauty, which will be eternalized in my poetry, will not become less or come to an end, as the fair in nature does. you

20、 will never lose the ownership of your fair. even death could not boast that you are walking through the valley of the shadow of him. even though you grow as time passes by, death will not claim you, because my eternal poetry will make you immortal,sonnet 18,couplet: the poem will be read as long as

21、 man lives and the beloved will live on. so long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,so long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见， 我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延,couplet,so long as men can breathe and their eyes can see, my poetry will live on, and my poetry will give life to you and your beauty as well. in the sestet, shakespeare makes a transition, as he often does in composing a sonnet. it talks about that his eternal poem will make the beloved young mans beauty last forever,literary devices in sonnet 18,rhetorical questioning: the first line, used to create a tone of respect, and t