宾语从句-语法专项

1、宾 语 从 句 The Object Clause,I know him . 2. I know who he is,主语,谓语,宾语,简单句,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,复合句,宾语从句的概念： 在复合句中放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句,宾语从句三要素,一、引导词 二、语序:陈述语序（主语+谓语） 三 、时态 四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别 五、宾语从句的反意疑问句 六、否定转移,第一讲：宾语从句的引导词,一、引导词,that 从句是陈述句 (口语中常省略） if/whether（是否

2、）从句是一般疑问句 wh/how(即特殊疑问词)从句是特殊疑问句 We know （that）we should learn from each other. Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? 引导词是从句的一个成份，所以用哪个引导 词，看从句成份是否完整，不完整，一定是特殊疑问句。完整，判断主句语气，是疑问语气，用if/whether; 是肯定语气，用that,一、连词（引导词） 1. 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定

3、 句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作 任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party. He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster,在主句为动词be加某些形

4、容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分， 在口语当中往往省略,e.g. I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来） He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们） The teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太

5、阳转,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves around the sun,2. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag . Lets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city . She

6、 asked me if /whether she could borrow these books,If/whether（是否）的区别,一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether： 在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词后：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. 与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 做主语从句：Whether he is righ

7、t isnt important,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词 或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略,Do you know what he said just now ? I dont remember when we arrived . I asked him where I could get so much money . Please tell me who (whom) we have to see

8、. Do you know what time the plane leaves ,由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接 副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句,1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁） 3. He asked _. （谁的书法是班上最好的） 4.Please tell me _. （我们什么时候开会） 5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿） 6. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站） 7. Would you t

9、ell me _（为什么火车迟到了,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose handwriting was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday ,Could you tell us h

10、ow long the meeting will last ,I dont know how far it is to the cinema,Please tell us how many students there are in your school ,Can you tell us how old his brother is ,Please tell us how soon you will be ready,Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ,1.The young man asked _ its summer

11、 or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. wheth

12、er D. that,D,A,B,C,5. I wonder _ he is crying now . A. that B. why C. how D. when 6. Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island ? A. what B. how C. if D. whether 7. Lily said _ she had finished her composition . A. if B. that C. when D. where 8. I dont know _ he still lives here . A. where B. w

13、hat C. when D. whether,B,A,B,D,二、时态 1. 如果主句是现在的时态,或祈使句 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow,第二讲：宾语从句的时态,2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去

14、将来时， 过去完成时,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it,3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时,The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun,1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write) 2. Miss Wan

15、g told me that the earth _(move) round the sun. 3. Could you tell me who _ away the book already? (take) 4. Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai several times. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise) 6. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do,wrote,moves,has taken,had bee

16、n,rises,did,三、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,第三讲：宾语从句的语序,例如：Where does he live? I dont know. = I dont know where he lives,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know wh

17、at he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ,4. Does he know French ? We want to know if/whether he knows French . We want to know if/whether does he know French,5. Will th

18、ey go to Canada in summer ? They re not sure if /whether they will go to Canada in summer . They re not sure if /whether will they go to Canada in summer,1. Did the students have a picnic last Sunday ? Do you know ? 2. Mr. Smith have been in China for about three years . Jim told Lin Tao,Do you know

19、 if/whether the students had a picnic last Sunday ,Jim told Lin Tao (that) Mr Smith had been in China for about three years,3. Which book should I read first ? Please tell me . 4. Light travels faster than sound . Our teacher told us in yesterdays class,Please tell me which book I should read first,

20、Our teacher told us (that) light travels faster than sound in yesterdays class,1could / would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态,注意事项,Could you please tell me where we show our tickets ? Could you tell us which gate we have to go to ? Would you like to know when he will come back ,2. 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词

21、不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk . He said (that) he was going to take care of the child . He asks if I like playing the piano . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station,3. 如果从句中含有or或or not时，只能 用whether而不用if,Could you tell

22、me whether thats a fast train or not ? Do you know whether he is right or not ? I dont care whether hell stay here or not,4.否定的转移,当主句的谓语主语是第一人称,谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose等词 时，其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。 I dont think he is right. 附加疑问句（反意疑问句） 1.当主句主语为I（我），主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则根据从句判断，但肯、否定形式根

23、据主句判断： I dont think he is serious,_,5.标点符号的确定,带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。 主句是 陈述句: 。 He asked me where I went just now. 问句： ？ Do you know when hell be back,1. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 2.

24、 Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 3. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,4. Could you tell me where we _ next week . A. would go B. to go C. had to go D. wil

25、l go 5. Could you tell me how much _to fly to Hainan ? A.do it cost B.does it cost C.it cost D.it costs 6. The small children dont know _. A.what is their stockings in B.what is in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what in their stockings,D,B,D,7. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go a

26、nd see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 8. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China,B,D,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. W

27、hat will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked,I asked where they stopped on the way,Could you tell me what you will speak at the

28、 meeting,He asked if they liked to make friends with them,He said that he was doing his homework,Tom said that he would come back,Jim asked if he was doing his homework,例1】 When I went to have the bill,I realized I had my wallet at home.2006 北京市 A.forgotten B.left C.had D.taken,中考典型例题解析,例3】 Do you k

29、now _ I could pass the exam? Sorry,Ive no idea. A.that B.whether C.what D.which,B,例2】 Could you tell me _?2003 甘肃省 A.when will Tom come back B.when does Tom come back C.when Tom will come back D.when Tom comes back,C,B,例4】 Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?2003 北京海淀区 A.what will Tom do

30、B.what did Tom do C.what Tom will do D.what Tom did,C,例7】 Mr King didnt know _ yesterday evening.2003 吉林省 A.when does his son come home B.when his son comes home C.when did his son come home D.when his son came home,例5】 Do you know _?2003 北京市 Next year. A.when he come B.when did he come C.when he wi

31、ll come D.when will he come,C,例6】 Could you tell us _?2003 河南省 A.when you will send the fridge to our house B.when will you send the fridge to our house C.when you would send the fridge to our house D.when would you send the fridge to our house,D,A,单项选择 1.Do you remember _ last time? A.what is your

32、teacher sayingB.what your teacher said C.what did your teacher say D.what your teacher says 2.He didnt tell me _. A.how old he was B.how old was he C.he was how old D.how much did it cost 3.Excuse me,could you tell me _? A.whats wrong with him B.what wrong is with him C.what was wrong with himD.what

33、 wrong was with him,课时训练,B,A,A,4.Excuse me，can you tell me _? A.does the train leave B.the train had left C.the train leaves D.did the train leave 5.I wonder _. A.where have you gone B.where you have gone C.where have you been D.where you have been 6.He wants to know _ America. A.when will Mr.Li leave for B.when will Mr.Wang stay in C.why will Mr.Wang stay in D.when Mr.Wang will leave for 7.I want to know if _ a meeting tomorrow. A.you have B.you will have C.do you have D.will you have,C,D,D,B,8.Id like to know _. A.when will he give back the tape B.whether has he received h