英语构词法讲解及相关练习

1、2013届连江黄如论中学高三英语 英语构词法2012.10.30高中英语构词法讲解与练习在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：派生、合成、和转化。一、派生 derivation前缀前缀含义例词a-处在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagreeun-不做相反动作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-

2、im-ir-il-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non-不，非non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings,

3、misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex以前的ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower, under-在之下underline, underestimate, underground, inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-c

4、hangesub-下，次subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial两年一次的tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkil

5、o-千kilometre, kilogram 后缀 后 缀例 词名词-erfarmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater-essactress, waitress, princess, hostess-orconductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -arbeggar-esechinese, portuguese, japanese-ianmusician, egyptian, physician-istscient

6、ist, dentist, communist, socialist, -ent/-antassistant -mentargument, judgment, government-nesshappiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness-tiondictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention-ingbuilding, wedding, painting-shipleadership, friendship, hardship-ageshortage

7、, marriage, leakage-tyloyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty-thtruth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth-anceacceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance-encedependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence-fulmouthful, handful, plateful, -alrefusal, denial, arrival-y

8、difficulty, possibility, -domfreedom, wisdom, kingdom-ismsocialism, materialism注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。后 缀例 词形容词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-aneuropean, american, australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable, horrible, terrible, believab

9、le, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ishchildish, swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, collective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-eng

10、olden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous, famous, continuous, serious, various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic, poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excelle

11、nt, frequent -lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ishchildish, foolish后 缀例 词动词-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, -enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen-fysimplify, beautify, terrify, 后 缀例 词副词-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downwa

12、rd-lyslowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly二、合成 compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。(1) 合成形容词方式例词1形容词形容词red-hot2形容词名词first-class, full-time, part-time3形容词现在分词good-looking, free-thinking, 4形容词过去分词ready-made5形容词名词-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded6

13、名词名词-ediron-willed7名词形容词world-famous, day-long 8名词现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9名词过去分词man-made, water-covered, 10副词形容词ever-green11副词现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12副词过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known13数词名词five-year14数词名词+形容词five-year-old15数词名词-edfour-legged, six-storied (

14、2)合成动词构成方式例词1名词动词day-dream2副词动词overcome, upturn翻起3形容词动词white-wash(3)合成名词构成方式例词1名词名词horseback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2形容词名词back-yard, forehead, 3动名词名词hiding place, reading-room4动词副词get-off, break in, 5副词动词output, overflow(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever, w

15、hatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 三、转化 conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话, mirror镜子像镜子一样反映, drink喝饮料, record录音记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面前面的4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的首领巩固练习用适当的形式填空。1. the mother didnt

16、 know why her daughter was crying _. (noise)2. he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)3. look! how _ kate is laughing! (happy)4. it snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)5. edison was a great _. during his life he had many _. (invent)6. more and

17、more _ have come to visit china over these years. （foreign）7. we want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. please give me some reference work. it will _ my task. (simple)9. the doctor said that marys mother needed an _.(operate)10. thank you for your _. (kind)11when in rome, do as the _ d

18、o. (rome)12. the teacher was pleased with her _. (honest).单选1. that man was _enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.a. care b. carefulc. carelessd. carelessness2. the soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than mount tai.a. dieb. deadc. diedd. death3. the three- _c

19、hair isnt suitable for a young child. he may fall off.a. leggingb. leggedc. legsd. leged4.when the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，jack looked_about at his classmates. a. proudb. proudlyc. prided. pridely5.to everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well.a. satisfiedb. satis

20、factory c. satisfyingd. satisfaction6.what are you doing here?oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about _in english.you can write_passage in english?a. 600 words；a 600-wordsb. 600-word；a 600-wordsc. 600 words；a 600-wordd. 600 words；a 600-words7. no one should enter the spot without the_of the

21、police.a. permitb. permission c. permittingd. permittence8. you must come with us to the police _.our head is waiting for you.a. headquartersb. headline c. headmasterd. headache9.letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _.a. intendb. intention c. intentionally d. intentional10. the shop

22、 owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.a. practiceb. practice c. practicald. practiced11. my tv is out of order. can you tell me what is the_news about iraq war? a. latelyb. latest c. laterd. latter12. canada is mainly an_country.a. english-speakingb. speak-english c. spoken-englishd. english-s

23、poken13. how_ he is! he is always acting_.he is really a _.a. foolish；foolishly；fool b. fool；foolish；foolc. foolish；fool；fool d. foolishly；foolish；fool14. the necklace that she lost is very expensive. its of great _.15. we have to learn _technology from other countries.a. advanceb. advancing c. adva

24、ntage d. advanced16. the children live in a village _.they come here almost every day.a. nearbyb. near c. nearlyd. near by17.youd better give up smoking if you want to keep _.a. healthb. healthy c. healthily d. healthier18._ speaking，i didnt do it on purpose.a. honestlyb. honestc. honestyd. dishones

25、t.根据上下文语境和提示的首字母，在划线处写出一个合适的词。a. effortsits universally a_ that what makes a big d_ in the course of studies is_(勤奋)and _(耐心).we are s_ to attach great i_ to _(努力)rather than good _(运气),as a consequence of the fact that _(成功)arises from hard work. anyhow, those who are of_(聪明)need to spare no effort with the purpose of_(实现)their goals as well. i see to it that only in this way can we arose our p_(潜力)and work out d_.b. are we endangered?steve jones is an environmental expert who tries to k