现在完成时语法.doc

1、现在完成时语法（1）、现在完成时的基本构成:nowyesterday .whe n I saw him yesterdayevery day .tomorrow after noon .for a long time肯定式：主语+助动词have/has +动词的过去分词疑问式：助动词 Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词？否定式： 主语+助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词 二、现在完成时的用法：其用法主要有三种I. “已完成”用法：表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。. 李明刚刚把灯关

2、上。（说明现在灯关上了）. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。. 我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II. “未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。. 他住在这儿三十年了。 （现在还住在这儿）. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）？ 你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III. 经验性用法：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。我曾经去过颐和园两次。Ithe Summer Palace twi

3、ce.Heso. 他总是这么说 .注意事项：I. have been(to)与 have gone( to)的区另U：have bee n(to)表示去过某地(现在已经回来了)，可用于各人称；have gon e(to)表示去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”，常用于第三人称,前者可与 once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。女口 HeBeijing .他去北京了。TheyBeiji ng twice.他们去过北京两次。三.现在完成时常与副词just ， already, yet, ever, never连用。a.用副词 already 禾口 yet 。 alrea

4、dy 般用于肯定句中，yet 般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We havefini shed our homework.我们已完成作业了。b.They have nt fini shed their homework他们还没有完成作业。用 ever禾口 never 多用于否定或疑问句中，表示曾经”或从未”等。如:-Have youbeen to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I havebeen to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.与just连用，表示“刚刚， 刚才”。-He hascome back from Can ada.练习:1. 用适当的副词填空

5、。I havecalled you, but you were nt in.I havebee n to a shopp ing cen ter with Kan gka ng.Have you found him?I haven t found my wallet.Have youbeen to the Great Wall?I havebee n to America twice.Jim hasn t finished his homework.2. 用 have been to, have been in, have gone to的正确形式填空。HeChina since he was

6、 born.TheyAustralia twice.-Where has he gone? - HeIn dia.3. 句型转换。1) I have fini shed my homework.否定句：Imy homework.一般疑问句： fin ishedhomework?肯定回答和否定回答：Yes, I .No, I .2) He has already been to the Great Wall.否定句： Hethe Great Wall.一般疑问句： the Great Wall?肯定回答和否定回答：Yes, he .No, he 划线提问：?3) Tom has gone to

7、Japan.划线提问：?现在完成时语法（2）翻译下列句子1我哥哥还没回来。 2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。 4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6. 我去过北京两次。7. Maria 不在这里，她去公园了。 一、现在完成时的时间状语for +一段时间si nee + 某个时间点so farby the timein the past five years【综合练习】用since和for填空1.two years 2.two years ago 3.last month 4.19995.yesterday 6.4 o clock 7.4 hou

8、rs 8.an hour ago9.we were childre n 10.lunch time 11.she left here12. He has lived in Nanji ngthe year before last.13.1 ve known himwe were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japa nesethree years.15. She has bee n away from the cityabout ten years.16. It s about ten yearsshe left the city.(1 )现在完成

9、时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。They(go) to the park yesterday.His dog(die) three days ago.(2 )短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。女口： come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin,start, lose, buy, fall, joi n, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由 非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换女口：begi n,(start) f be onfini sh( end )f

10、 be overbuyf havef keepborrowarrive f be herejoin f be in, be a + 名词leave, move f be away,come be indie f be deadope n f be ope ngo out f be outclose f be closedfall asleep (ill ) f be asleep (ill)marry f be married、用完成时改写下列句子：1. His father died in 1992.2. He left the army because of a leg wound.3.

11、He came to Beiji ng in 2003.4. He joined Helper s Club in 2004.5. He bought a house in 2005.6. He borrowed a car in 2012.7. The movie bega n twenty minu tes ago.、按要求改变句子。2. She has already told us the n ews.（改否定句）3. The rain has already stopped.（改一般疑问句）4.1 have waited here for two hours. （ 划线提问）5.He

12、 has lived in Shanghai since he left Beijing.（划线提问）6. She has learned French si nee 2014.（同义句）She has lear ned French2 years.She has lear ned French2 years.7. He started to practice the guitar three hours ago.（改成含介词 for 的同义句 ）Hepractici ng the guitar for three hours.三、选择题（）1.By the time he realizes（

13、意识至U） heinto a trap（陷阱），it ll be too late for him todo anything about it.A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked（）2. So far this year wea fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent（百分比）A. sawB. seeC. had see nD. have see n（）3.His fatherthePartysi nee1978A. joinedB . hasjoinedC .was inD

14、.has bee n in（）4. Do you know him wellSure .We friends since ten years ago .A. wereBhavebee nC .havebecomeD .have made（）5. How long haveyouhere ?Abouttwomon ths .A. beenB . goneC. comeD. arrived()6.Hurry up! The playfor tenminu tesA. has begunB.C. has been onD.began()7.has Mr White been a member of Greener China织)since heto China?A. How soon, com