船上海洋污染应急计划SMPEP讲解

1、SHIPBOARD MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN (SMPEP) 船船船上上上海海海洋洋洋污污污染染染 应应应急急急计计计划划划 In accordance with Regulation 37 of Annex I and Regulation 17 of Annex II of MARPOL 73/ 78 根据 MARPOL 73/78 公约附则 I 第 37 条以及附则 II 第 17 条之规定编写 FOR M.T.“ ” Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 2 变更记录变更记录 RecordRecord

2、ofof RevisionRevision 变更日期 Date of Revision 变更事项 Revised Provisions 船级社 Classification Societies Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 3 船上海洋污染应急计划船上海洋污染应急计划船上海洋污染应急计划船上海洋污染应急计划 SHIPBOARD MARINE POLLUTION EMERGENCY PLAN 船名船名: : NAMENAME OFOF SHIPSHIP : : 船舶编号或呼号船舶编号或呼号 : : DISTINCTIVEDISTINCTIVE

3、 NUMBERNUMBER OROR LETTERLETTER : : 国际海事组织编号国际海事组织编号 ： IMOIMO NUMBERNUMBER : : 船型船型 ： TYPETYPE OFOF SHIPSHIP : : 载重吨（夏季吃水）载重吨（夏季吃水） ： DEADDEAD WEIGHT(SUMMER)WEIGHT(SUMMER) : : 船籍港船籍港: : PORTPORT OFOF REGISTRYREGISTRY: : 批准主管机关批准主管机关 : : ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION APPROVALAPPROVAL : : 地点地点: : PLACE

4、PLACE : : 日期日期: : DATEDATE: : Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 4 目录 TABLE OF CONTENT/ INDEX OF SECTIONS 简介INTRODUCTION.6 第一节：序言第一节：序言 SECTION 1:PREAMBLE.7 第二节：报告要求第二节：报告要求 SECTION 2:REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.11 2.1 总论 General .11 2.2报告程序 Reporting Procedures.11 2.2.1何时报告 When to report.11 2.2.

5、1.1发生排放 Actual Discharge.12 2.2.1.2可能发生排放 Probable Discharge.12 2.2.2所需信息资料 Information Required .13 2.2.3向谁报告 Who to Contact.16 2.2.3.1沿岸国联系人 Coastal State Contacts.17 2.2.3.2港口国联系人 Port Contacts .17 2.2.3.3船舶重要联系人 Ship Interest Contacts.18 第三节：控制排放措施第三节：控制排放措施 SECTION 3:STEPS TO CONTROL DISCHARGE

6、.20 3.1操作性溢漏 Operational Spills.20 3.1.1操作性溢漏的防范 Operational Spill Prevention .20 3.1.2管线泄漏 Pipeline Leakage .21 3.1.3货舱溢漏 Tank Overflow.22 3.1.4船体泄漏 Hull Leakage .22 3.1.5机器处所设备引起的泄漏 Spills caused by Equipment in Machinery Spaces.23 3.2由于船舶事故造成的泄漏 Spills Resulting From Casualties .23 3.2.1搁浅 Ship g

7、rounded/stranded.23 3.2.1.1防止火灾和爆炸 Prevention of Fire and Explosion.24 3.2.1.2船体破损应力 Extension of Hull Damage .25 3.2.1.3减少或停止油污或有毒物质外泄程序 Procedures to Reduce or Stop Outflow of Oil or NLS.25 3.2.1.4自行起浮脱浅 Refloating by own Means.26 3.2.1.5固定船身 Securing the Ship.27 3.2.2火灾/爆炸 Fire/ Explosion.27 3.2.

8、3碰撞 Collision .28 3.2.4船壳破损/舱容破损 Hull Failure/Containment Failure .29 3.2.5严重倾斜 Excessive List.30 3.2.6危险的货物混合或化学反应形成的危险状态 Dangerous reaction of cargo/contamination yelding a hazardous condition.31 3.2.7其他危险货物和/或蒸汽泄漏 other dangerous cargo and/or vapour release.31 3.2.8舱内环境失控 Loss of tank environment

9、al control.32 3.2.9船舶沉没/坍塌/损毁 Ship submerged/foundered/wrecked.32 3.3 优先措施 Priority Actions .33 3.4 减轻措施 Mitigating Activities.34 3.5 燃油/货物的过驳-减轻措施 Transfer of Bunker/Cargo - Lightening.34 3.6 破舱稳性和船体应力的计算 Damage Stability and Hull Stress Calculation .36 3.7 船长和船员的职责 General Responsibilities of the

10、Master and Officers/ Crew Members.37 SECTION 4:国家和地区协作国家和地区协作 NATIONAL AND LOCAL CO-ORDINATION.40 SECTION 5附加信息资料附加信息资料 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.41 APPENDIX 1初始报告初始报告 INITIAL NOTIFICATION .51 APPENDIX 2沿岸国联系人沿岸国联系人 COASTAL STATE CONTACTS (FOCAL POINTS).53 Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 5 AP

11、PENDIX 3港口国联系人港口国联系人 PORT CONTACTS.54 APPENDIX 4船舶重要联系人船舶重要联系人 SHIP INTEREST CONTACTS.55 APPENDIX 5船舶技术资料图纸船舶技术资料图纸 SHIPS PLANS AND DRAWINGS.56 Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 6 INTRODUCTION 1.本计划根据经 1978 年议定书修订的 1973 年国际防止船舶造成污染公约(以 下简称“MARPOL73/78 公约”)附则 I 第 37 条以及附则 II 第 17 条规定的要求编写。 遵照

12、海上环境保护委员会 MEPC78(43)决议，本计划作为船舶油污应急计划和船舶海 上有毒物质污染应急计划的合并本。 The plan is compiled in accordance with the requirements of Regulation 37of Annex I and regulation 17 of Annex II of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating t

13、hereto (hereafter referred to as the MARPOL73/78 convention). and amended by Res. MEPC.78(43). As recommeded by IMO this plan is a combination of a SOPEP and a Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan for noxious liquid substances. 2.本计划意在当船舶发生或可能发生污染事故采取有关措施时，为船长或驾驶员提 供指导。 The purpose of the plan

14、is to provide guidance to the master and officers on board the ship with respect to the steps to be taken when an oil pollution accident has occurred or is likely to occur. 3.本计划包括 MARPOL73/78 附则 I 第 37 条和附则 II 第 17 条规定、国际海协组织 制订的“船舶海上污染应急计划编制指南”(以下简称“指南”)及有关政府条令所 要求的所有材料和操作程序。附录包括所有与计划有关联的联系人的姓名、电话

15、、 电传号码等，以及其它有关数据。 The plan contains all information and operational instructions required by Regulation 37 of Annex I and regulation 17 of Annex II of MARPOL73/78 Convention, guidelines for the development of the shipboard marine pollution emergency plan (hereafter referred to as the guidelines) dev

16、eloped at International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the relating ministerial ordinance. The appendices contain names, telephone and telex numbers, etc., of all contacts referred to in the plan as well as other reference material. 4.本计划业经法国船级社代表巴拿马政府批准，除下列情况外，未经法国船级社许 可，不得对其任何部分作改变和修订。 This plan

17、 has been approved by Class BV on behalf of the government of the Panama and, except as provided below, no alteration or revision shall be made to any part of it without the prior approval of the Class BV. 5.修改第 5 节和附录不必经主管机关批准。附录中的船舶所有人、营运人和经营人， 必须为最近情况。 Changes to Section 5 and the appendices will

18、 not be required to be approved by the Administration. The ships owners, operators and managers should maintain the appendices up to date. 6.一些沿岸国家认为确定对油污染事故采取的方法和措施并批准这些可能引起进一 步污染的操作(减载)是他们的责任，而并不妨碍船东的义务。各国通常有权根据 1969 年国际干预公海油污染事故公约的要求这样做。 Without interfering with ship owners liability, some coasta

19、l States consider that it is their responsibility to define techniques and means to be taken against an oil pollution incident and approve such operations which might cause further pollution, i.e. lightening. States are Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 7 in general entitled to do so under t

20、he International Convention relating to Intervention on the High seas in cases of oil pollution Casualties, 1969 (Intervention Convention). 在船上进行定期演练不仅能保证船员熟悉其职责同时也有助于形成一个熟练掌握有 效的方法的团队以应对各种污染事故。 Routine drills conducted on board will not only ensure that the ships staffs are familiar with their duti

21、es but will assist informing a proficient team to combat all pollution incidents in an efficient manner. 在事故中起用了该计划后,须对其有效性做一个总结回顾。 Following an incident in which the plan has been activated there will be a through review of its effectiveness. 第一节 序言 Section Preamble 1.11.1 本计划适用于帮助船员处理意外的排油(或有毒液体物质

22、)，其主要目的是采 取必要的措施，以控制或减少排放和减轻其危害。有效的计划能确保有组织 的,合理的,安全的和及时的方法采取必要的行动减小泄露及其影响。 This Plan is available to assist the ships personell in dealing with an unexpected discharge of oil or noxious liquid substances. Its primary purpose is to set in motion the necessary actions to stop or minimize the discharg

23、e of those substances and to mitigate its effects. 1.2 有效的计划能够保证必要的措施能及时地有组织地有条不紊地进行。 Effective planning ensures that the necessary actions are taken in a structured, logical and timely manner. 1.3 本计划的主要目的是 The primary objectives of this Plan are to i. 防止污染 prevent pollution。 ii. 截止或者降低由于船损造成的外溢。 s

24、top or minimize outflow when a damage to the ship or its requirements occurs iii 截止或者降低操作性外溢，降低至规则可接受的数量和速率范围内。 stop or minimize outflow when a operational spill occurs in excess of the quantity or instantaneous rate permitted under the present Convention 1.4 更进一步，本计划旨在为船长，驾驶员，特定船员提供一个实际可操作的指导 以防止海上

25、污染并能执行 MARPOL73/78 附则 I 第 37 条和附则 II 第 17 条规定的 义务。 Further, the purpose of the Plan is to provide the Master, officers and certain crew members with a practical guide to the prevention of marine spills and in carrying out the responsibilities associated with regulation 37 of Annex I and Reg. 17 of A

26、nnex II of MARPOL 73/ 78: 。报告污染事故的程序 procedures to report an oil / marine pollution incident。 Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 8 。在发生外溢污染事故时需要联系沿岸国联系人以及港口国联系人表 Coastal State contacts (Focal Points) and Port Contact Lists to be contacted in the event of any pollution incident 。事故随之后的减少和控制排放的

27、应急响应行动 response actions to reduce or control the discharge of substances following an incident 。和沿岸国以及港口当局协同行动。 co-ordination with national and local Authorities in combatting a pollution 1.5 总之，本计划在船员面对泄露时有助于提高实用的应对措施。 In summary, the Plan will serve to promote a practised response when the ships p

28、ersonell is faced with a spill. 1.6 尽管本计划是专业设计的船舶特有工具，但必须也要充分考虑到额外的和岸基 计划相衔接的设备。本计划鼓励船岸之间有效的共同对抗和降低任何污染事故 造成的影响。 Although the Plan is designed as a ship-specific tool it must also be considered as an additional instrument and as a link to shore-based plans. With this the Plans allowes an efficient c

29、o-ordination between the ship and shore-based Authorities/ Organizations in mitigating the effects of any pollution incident. 1.7 本计划包含了一份总图（见见 9 页图页图）以指导船长在出现污染事故时的报告和行 动程序。 The Plan includes a summary flowchart (see page 9) to guide the Master through reporting and acting procedures required durin

30、g an oil pollution incident response. 1.8 本计划作为船上的船长和驾驶员使用的重要文件，应包含他们所使用的工作语 言。 The Plan is likely to be a document used on board by the Master and officers of the ship and must therefore be available in the working language used by them. 船舶海洋污染应急计划船舶海洋污染应急计划-简明流程图简明流程图 SHIPBOARD MARINE POLLUTION EM

31、ERGENCY PLAN SUMMARY FLOWCHART 流程图仅仅是船上人员在应急防污染行动中的一个概括性指导图，基于海事组织出 版的指南。此图并非是详尽，也不应被被单独使用，应参考本计划包含的其他指导 意见。本图的行动步骤旨在帮助船上人员截止或减少油类或者有毒液体物质的溢漏 并尽量降低其造成的影响。这些步骤主要由两部分组成。 报告和采取措施。 This flow diagram is an outline of the course of action that shipboard personnel should follow in responding to a pollution

32、 emergency based on the guidelines published by the Organization. This diagram is not exhaustive and should not be used as a sole reference in response. Consideration should be given for inclusion of specific reference to the Plan. The steps are designed to assist ship personnel in action to stop or

33、 minimize the discharge of oil or NLS and mitigate its effects. These steps fall into two main categories reporting and action. Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 9 油类或有毒液体物质的排放油类或有毒液体物质的排放 可能的或者实际的可能的或者实际的 事故的性质评估事故的性质评估 需要采取的措施需要采取的措施 全体警报 确定溢漏点 人员防护 溢漏评估 蒸汽监控 疏散撤离 报告采取措施控制溢漏 船长 和/或 指定船员降低溢

34、油对海洋环境的威胁措施 航行措施 -调整航向/速度/船位 -调整横倾/纵倾 -抛锚 -抢滩 -内部调舱转舱 -驶入安全港口或水域 -天气，浪，潮流预告 -连续监测 -事件和通讯记录 船艺措施 -安全评估和预防措施 -人员安全措施 -优先的预防措施建议 /对策 -甲板不积累危险气体 的措施 -考虑破舱稳性和弯矩 -压载/排除压载 -内部转舱 -紧急船靠船过驳货物 和/或燃油 -建立船上应急响应包 括对： 堵漏 灭火 船上设备的操控 (如有) 征求外援响应的步骤 - 参考沿岸国通讯表查找本地援助站通讯方式 - 参考船舶行业相关通讯表 - 所需要的外援清污资源 -事态的连续监测 何时报告何时报告 所

35、有可能或已经发生的排放 如何报告如何报告 -用最快捷的方式向海岸电台 -指定的船舶动态报告站或 -搜救协调中心（海上） -用最快捷的方式向本地当局 向谁报告向谁报告 -最近的沿岸国港口码头方 (港 内) -船东管理方，P P Cargo owner -Refer to contact lists What to report -Initial report (Res. A.851(20) -Follow-up reports -Characteristics of material spilled -Cargo/ ballast/ bunker dispositions -Weather an

36、d sea conditions -Slick movement -Assistance required Salvage Lightening capacity Mechanical equipment External strike team Chemical dispersant/ degreasant 第二节报告要求 Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 11 SECTION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 2.1 综述综述 General 本节的报告要求是遵照 MARPOL73/78 公约”)附则 I 第 37 条以及附则

37、II 第 17 条规定 The reporting requirements of this section comply with those of regulation 37 Annex I and 17 Annex II of MARPOL 73/ 78. 当船舶涉及油污事故，从而导致有害物质实际的排放或可能发生的排放时， 船长或其它船舶主管人员应毫不迟疑地采用最快电讯信道，按照 MARPOL73/78 公约第 8 条和议定书 I 的要求，最优先地向最近沿海国报告事故的详细情况， 以便沿海国以及其它部门采取相应的行动。 When the ship is involved in an in

38、cident which results in the discharge (or probable discharge) of oil or NLS, the Master is obliged under the terms of MARPOL 73/ 78 to report details of the incident, without delay, to the nearest Coastal State by means of the fastest telecommuncation channels available. 这些要求旨在确保沿岸国得到尽快的通知，对引起污染或可能威

39、胁海洋环境 的事故采取必要的应对和救援措施 The intent of these requirements are to ensure that Coastal States are informed, without delay, of any incident giving rise to pollution, or threat of pollution of the marine environment, as well as of assistance and salvage measures, so that appropriate action may be taken. 在不

40、妨碍船东利益的情况下，一些沿岸国把这些事故中采取的防止污染扩大 的措施看成他们的责任和权力。需要指明的是，沿岸国按照各种相关的国际 公约及条款通常是有这样的权力的。 Without interfering with shipowners liability, some coastal states consider that it is their responsibility to define techniques and means to be taken against a marine pollution incident and approve such operations wh

41、ich might cause further pollution, i.e. lightening. States are in general entitled to do so under the International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties, 1969 and the Protocol relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Case of Pollution by Subst

42、ances other than Oil, 1973. 2.2 报告程序报告程序 Reporting Procedures 为便于参考，报告要求内容部分在本计划中分为两部分 For easy reference the reporting requirements in the context of this Plan are divided in the following information blocks: 2.2.12.2.1 何时报告 When to report 参照第九页流程图，在以下情况下： Taking the summary flowchart as shown on p

43、age 9 as a basic guide into consideration reports are necessary in the following cases: Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 12 2.2.1.12.2.1.1 已经发生排放： Actual discharge: 船长必须向沿岸国报告，无论油/有毒液体是由下列何种原因产生的排放 The Master is obliged to report to the nearest Coastal State whenever there is a discharge of

44、 oil / NLS resulting 船舶破损导致 from damage to the ship 船舶设备的破损导致 from damage to the ships equipment 为保障船舶安全和海上救助人命所致排放 for the purpose of securing the safety of a ship or saving life at sea 船舶作业时，油类的排放超出公约所允许的数量或瞬间排放率。 during the operation of the Ship in excess of the quantity or instanteneous rate per

45、mitted under the present Convention 2.2.1.2 可能发生排放可能发生排放 Probable Discharge 船长对没有实际排放却可能发生的油类或有毒液体物质排放必须报告 The Master is obliged to report even when no actual discharge of oil or NLS has occured but there is a probability that one could. 然而，并没有任何对可能排放的准确定义以及何种情况下需要报告，这就需 要船长自己判断这样的可能性并决定是否报告 However

46、, as it is not practible to lay down precise definitions of all types of situations involving pro-bable discharge of oil/NLS which would warrant an obligation to report the Master is obliged to judge by himself whether there is such a probability and whether a report should be made. 因此，推荐至少以下几种情况下报告

47、 Therefore, it is recommended that, at least, the following events 1.影响船舶安全的故障、失灵或受损，例如：碰撞，搁浅，火灾，爆炸，结构 受损，进水，货物移动；和 Damage, failure or breakdown which effect the safety of the ship, such as; collision, grounding, fire, explosion, structural failure, flooding, cargo shifting; and 2.造成航行安全性下降的机器或设备的故障

48、和受损，例如：舵机，推进器，发 电系统，关键的船载导航设备的故障和失灵事故。 Failure or breakdown of machinery or equipment which results in the impairment to safety navigation; examples of such incidents are failure of breakdown of steering gear, propulsion, electrical generating system, Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 13 ess

49、ential ship borne navigational aids. 当因船舶或其设备损坏而有引起排放的可能时，亦应作出报告，在判断是否存 在这种可能和是否需作出报告时，应考虑下列因素： If there is the possibility or probability of an oil discharge resulting from damage to ship or its equipment, a report should also be made. To decide whether there is such a probability and whether the r

50、eport shall be made, the following factors should be taken into account: 1.船舶，机器或设备故障，失灵或损坏的性质；和 The nature of damage, failure or breakdown of the ship, machinery or equipment. and 2.船位和就近的陆地或其它航行危险物；和 Ship location and proximity to land or other navigational hazards. and 3.天气，潮夕，海流和海况；和 Weather, ti

51、de, current and sea condition. 4.交通密度。 Traffic density. 如有不能够确定，船长就应该提交上面提到的报告。 If in doubt, the Master should always make a report in cases aforementioned. 在各种情况下，船长都应该保持和主管当局的通信，报告船舶状态进展以及 何时这种污染的危险结束。 In all cases the Authorities should be kept informed by the Master as how the situation progress

52、 and be advised when all threat of pollution has passed. 2.2.22.2.2 所需信息资料 Information required 根据 MARPOL 73/ 78 公约草案 I 中的第八条款，船长或其他负责主管报告污 染细节的人，根据 IMO 决议 A.851(20),船舶报告机制总则，包括事故报告指 南，包含危险货物，有毒有害物质和/或海洋污染。 As required in article 8 and Protocol I of MARPOL 73/ 78 Convention the Master or other perso

53、ns having charge of the ship should report the particulars of any pollution incident. In this context the International Maritime Organization (IMO), in 1997, adopted Resolution A. 851 (20) General Principles for Ship Reporting Systems and Ship Reporting Requirements, including Guidelines for Reporti

54、ng Incidents involving Dangerous Goods, Harmful Substances and/ or Marine Pollutants. 上述决议草案意在沿岸国当局和其他利益相关方对出现的污染或者对海洋环境 的威胁能尽快得到通知，并采取相应的救援和援助措施。 The intent of the Resolution aforementioned is to enable Coastal States and other Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan 14 interested parties to be i

55、nformed, without delay, of any incident giving rise to pollution, or threat of pollution of the marine environment, as well as of assistance and salvage measures, so that appropriate action may be taken. 本章并不解除船长在当时状态下对事故或者可能的排放的正确全面的判断并立 刻做出报告 Nothing in this chapter relieves the Master in using so

56、und judgement to make sure that any incident or propable discharge is reported as quick as possible in the prevailing situation. 在发送初始报告给最近的沿岸国当局时，船长或其他负责发送处理的人应该注 意 A.851(20)决议。 When transmitting initial reports to the authorities of the nearest Coastal State the Master or other persons dealing wit

57、h such a transmission should take note of Resolution A. 851 (20). 特别是，在初始报告的格式，和后续追加报告格式要和 A.851(20)决议中包含的 格式核对确认。无论初始报告还是后续报告，都应该遵照 IMO 的报告格式， 包含以下内容，参照下面的表格。 Especially, the format of the initial report as well as supplementary of follow-up reports should conform with the guidance contained in Res

58、. A. 851 (20). All reporting whether initial or follow-up, should follow IMOs reporting format as outlined below and should contain the following information: 标注 LABEL 功能含义 FUNCTION注释 EXPLANATION A船舶 Ship 船名/呼号/国籍 Name, call sign and nationality B日期，时间（UTC） ，事件 Date and time (UTC) of event 六位数组成，前两位

59、为日期，后四位为小 时分钟 A 6-digit group giving day of month (first two digits), hours ability to transfer cargo/ ballast/ bunker fuel R描述已经造成或者可能造成 的污染。 Description of pollution or possible overboard discharge 详细介绍污染情况，包括油类或有毒液体 物质的种类，预计排放的数量，是否继续 排放，如果可能预测排放的面积以及在海 面可能的运动状态。 Brief details of pollution; this

60、should include the type(s) of oil or NLS, an estimate of the quantity discharged, whether the discharge is continuing, the cause of the discharge and, if possible, an estimate of the surface area of the spill and the movement and area 及 S天气 Weather conditions 详述天气和海况，包括当时的风力风向以 及海浪涌浪的细节。 Brief detai