非谓语动词的用法讲解PPT课件

1、非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词第1页/共95页Structure : to be doneInfinitive:to doNegative (否定): not to doPassive voice:第2页/共95页(1). 主语主语 Subject不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.To get enough sleep at night is important.It_.It is adj. (for sb) to do sth.It is + a plea

2、sure/an honor/a pity to do.It takes sb +time to do.is important to get enough sleep at night第3页/共95页1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。It is not good for you to smoke. 2.和你一起共进晚餐很愉快。It is a pleasure to have dinner with you.It only took two years to complete the project.3.完成这项工程只花了二年时间。巩固练习1第4页/共95页(2). 表语表语 PredicativeMy

3、 jobisYour task _(努力学习努力学习).is to study hardTo see is to believe.to teach you English.第5页/共95页These days everyone wants to get rich fast.(3) 宾语宾语 Object常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:fail, happen, mean, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree，etc.+ to dolike to domanage to do第6页/共95页think considerfind make

4、feel形式宾语形式宾语4.我希望很快收到你的信。I hope to hear from you soon.5.我决定不留下来。I decided not to stay.6.学生们认为玩电脑游戏很有趣。Students thought_.7.她觉得没有没有必要和他辩论。 She thought it unnecessary to argue with him.it interesting to play computer games.it + adj.+ to do 巩固练习2第7页/共95页The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.(4). 宾

5、补宾补 Complement五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feel当遇到下列动词时当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略不定式省略to: allow, cause, ask, advise, expect, force, permit, persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等等. 医生建议他去南方.The doctor advised him to go to the south.sb to do第8页/共95页I made him do

6、his work.He _by me.See sb do sth-sb be seen to doHe was seen _ from the tree and get hurt.A.fall B. to fall C. falling D. fallen改错: He was heard talk to his mother for an hour.to talkwas made to do his work第9页/共95页(5). 定语定语 Attributive (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)He is lookin

7、g for_.（一间可以住的房子）There is nothing_.*我想要几本书在旅途中看。Id like_.a few books to read during the journey-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A. school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyto worry aboutThe topics to be discussed at tomorrows meeting

8、 is concerned about the Olympics 2008.（没有什么可担心的）a room to live in第10页/共95页I came here .He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语 Adverbialin order to , so as to ,1.1.表目的表目的2.表原因表原因We were very excited to hear the news.3.表结果表结果This room is big enough to hold us.enoughto, tooto, only to, etc.He lift

9、ed a rock only to drop it on his own feet.第11页/共95页1._ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21题巩固练习2翻译：1935年,他离开家再也没回来。In 1935 he left home never to return.第12页/共95页1. 作主语作主语2. 作表语作表语3. 作宾语作宾语4. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5. 作定语作定语6. 作状语作状语在句中承担的

10、成分:第13页/共95页主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式Tense and Voice （时态与语态） to be doing to have done to have been done - to have been doing-第14页/共95页(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.( (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/ /发生在它之后发生在它之后

11、.).)( (在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时, ,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行) )( (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) )第15页/共95页1.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read2. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears_ everything. ( 01年高考) A. to tell B. to be told

12、 C. to be telling D. to have been told巩固练习3第16页/共95页3. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.(MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A. to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be wea

13、ving D. to weave第17页/共95页who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether who, which, when, how, what,whom,whether 等连用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。我不知道是否要接受邀请。我不知道是否要接受邀请。I dont know whether to accept the invitation or not.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要如

14、何解决这个问题很重要。我的问题是什么时候开始。我的问题是什么时候开始。My question is when to start.( (表语表语) )不定式与疑问词连用:第18页/共95页关于省略关于省略 (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词. e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? (2). 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构, be 不可省不可省. e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher? A. Id like to B.Id like to go Yes, _.

15、A.Id like to be. B. Id like to.Yes,_.第19页/共95页1. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to巩固练习4第20页/共95页不定式用在介词but, exc

16、ept, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to. (1). She could do nothing but _ .(cry) (2). I have no choice but_. (go) (3).What do you like _ besides_ . (do, sleep)cryto goto dosleep第21页/共95页第22页/共95页 (eat, give up, finish, explain, tell)1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poo

17、r health. to give upexplaining/to be explainedto be finishednot to eat3.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.4.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.2.The sentence wants_once more.5.I meant _ you about it, but I forgot to do so.to have told 第23页/共95页1. (MET92 14) -I us

18、ually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going2.Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (MET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding第24页/共95页4. She cant help _ the house be

19、cause shes busy making a cake. (97 上海12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 3. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海上海14) A.to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 第25页/共95页5. Robert is said _ abroad, but I

20、dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying6. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make第26页/共95页7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the o

21、ld couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see8. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 第27页/共95页9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A.learn B. to learn C.

22、learned D. learning10.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it off第28页/共95页11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 1

23、2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects第29页/共95页13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking14. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not m

24、akeC. not making D. not to make第30页/共95页不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系： (1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do. (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come. (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college.第31页/共95页had better+ (not) do

25、sth. 最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sth.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing Bprefer + to do A rather than (to) do Bwould rather (not) do sth.would rather do A than (do) Bwould rather + 句子（过去式） （虚拟语气） 要做第32页/共95页注意以下几种情况不定式的用法 *在the first, the second，the last和only之后，只能用to do。 如：He was

26、the last to leave the classroom *如果understand，realize, know用在begin, start, attempt, intend后，只能用to do。 如：I began to understand the truth *表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用not to do,而用in order not to do或so as not to do。 如：()In order not to be seen, he came into the room through the window ()Not to be seen, he came int

27、o the room through the window ()He came into the room through the window so as not to be seen *so as to do一般不放在句首。 ()He get up at five this morning so as to catch the early bus (X) So as to catch the early bus，he got up at five this morning第33页/共95页1.My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poo

28、r health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.A.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.A.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. being第34页/共95页4.The Emperor ordered the wonderfu

29、l cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.A.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.A.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned i

30、t off第35页/共95页7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.A.schoo

31、l to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to study第36页/共95页9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use.A.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finish

32、ed11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go 第37页/共95页12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B

33、. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read第38页/共95页第39页/共95页1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpo

34、se of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects第40页/共95页4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the ol

35、d couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the bro

36、ken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 第41页/共95页7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wan

37、ted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to第42页/共95页10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work ext

38、ra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented第43页/共95页13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C

39、. being taken D. taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make第44页/共95页 1.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I

40、want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you. 5.He is the man to see you. 6.Im glad to see you. 7.I went to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you. 10. How to solve this problem is very important.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）独立成分独立成

41、分和疑问词连用和疑问词连用第45页/共95页Gerund一一. Structure： doing Negative： not doing二二. 时态和语态时态和语态主动语态被动语态ing 一般式一般式完成式完成式makinghaving made(不作定语）being madehaving been made(不作定语第46页/共95页三. 在句中承担的成分:1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作定语作定语4. 作表语作表语第47页/共95页Collecting information is very important to business.1.作主语作主语:Seeing is be

42、lieving. e.g. -What made him so unhappy?-_ the ticket for the football match.A.Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. LosingKey : _DLosing the ticket for the football match made him so unhappy第48页/共95页 对着打翻了的牛奶哭是没用的。 Crying over the spilt milk is no use. It is no use crying over the spilt

43、milk. 类似的还有： It is no good doing sth. It is no use doing sth.第49页/共95页I enjoy learning English.How about meeting outside the theatre?2.作宾语作宾语: Vt. Prep.+doing第50页/共95页下列动词通常用ing形式作宾语：admit, appreciate, deny, resist, stand, imagine, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, ex

44、cuse, escape, consider, cant help, 等。如:1） 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2）这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day 3） Good news keeps coming. 第51页/共95页 下列V.+prep.通常用ing形式作宾语,尤其注意介词to e.g. insist on, prevent from, depend on, feel like

45、, be fond of, succeed in, be proud of, excuse for , apologize for, look forward to, object to , be used to, be opposed to, etc. Prep. 后通常用后通常用ing形式作宾语形式作宾语.ve.g. The boy stood still without _ (dare) to raise his head because of _ (break) a vase.daringhaving broken第52页/共95页to do 和doing 的区别:remember t

46、o do remember doingforget to do forget doingstop to do stop doinggo on to do go on doingtry to do try doingregret to do regret doing mean to do mean doing第53页/共95页注意: 动词如： permit ,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider 有不同的用法: V + sb to do sth & V + doing sthe.g. ：The doctor advised me not to go to

47、 bed too late.Please permit me to introduce myself to you firstYou surely cant consider him to be a selfish manMy parents forbid me to stay out after mid-nightI allowed the children to play in my room for another five minutes.第54页/共95页 advisepermitallowadmitforbidconsider doing sth.e.g. ： The little

48、 boy admitted having broken the glass. They shouldnt allow parking in the street ; its too narrow. I forbid smoking in my house We do not permit smoking in the office第55页/共95页3.作表语 My hobby is collecting stamps and fishing. His job is teaching.Whats the difference between them?Im fishing.My hobby is

49、 fishing.动名词动名词现在分词现在分词第56页/共95页4.作定语: a walking stick A swimming pool A sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态第57页/共95页Gerund的逻辑主语:Tom insisted on coming to the party.Tom insisted on my coming to the party. 我几

50、乎无法想象peter在五天内横渡大西洋.I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.第58页/共95页动名词表示被动意义: 在动词或词组need, want, require, be worth, deserve, etc. 后的动名词表示被动意义: Your composition needs improving. Your composition needs to be improved. The book is worth reading a second time. The book

51、 is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.第59页/共95页非谓语动词非谓语动词 语法讲解语法讲解Wuxun High School第60页/共95页非谓语动词的类型:Infinitive 不定式不定式Gerund 动名词动名词Participle 分词分词-ing 分词分词-ed 分词分词第61页/共95页 -ing分词分词(以以make为例为例 )-ed 分词分词主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 完成式完成式Having mademakingbeing madeHa

52、ving been mademadeXXX第62页/共95页分词在句中承担的成分: 由于分词具有形容词性和副词性,在句子中不能充当具有名词特征的主语和宾语. 成份类别主主语语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语补语补语状语状语现在分词 过去分词 第63页/共95页1.作定语-the sun which is rising-ing分词和分词和-ed分词修饰名词有分词修饰名词有前置位前置位&后置位后置位.1. the rising sun 2. He is a retired worker.-He is a worker who has already retired.e.g. 3. The prob

53、lem bothering us is the lack of money. 4. These are goods imported from Japan. 前置位:后置位v- The problem (which is) bothering us is the lack of moneyWhats the difference between -ed and ing participle?-ing分词表示“进行” -ed分词表示“完成”-ing分词表示分词表示“主动主动”-ed分词表示分词表示 “被动被动”主动进行被动完成在时态上在时态上:在语态上在语态上:- These are goods

54、 (which were) imported from Japan. 第64页/共95页Exercises : vThe _(work) people have played a great role in the activity. vI dont like _(can) food , I prefer something fresh . workingcannedv1. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。vThe girl_ by her mother looked very timid. v2. 最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。v vThe topics _ every

55、where recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008 .who was standingstandingbeing discussedwhich are being discussed第65页/共95页Whats the difference?1. The topics being discussed everywhere recently is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to be discusseddiscussed进行进行完成完成将来将来2. The topics _(discuss) at t

56、omorrows meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008.3. The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting was about the Olympics 2008.第66页/共95页巩固练习一 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy 2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected 3)Half of the guests _(invite) to the co

57、nference were foreigners. 4)The matter _(discuss) is very important第67页/共95页5.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。 The boy was sent to the hospital immediately.6.每天给我办公室送邮件的人是位退休工人. The man every day is a retired worker .injured by the cardelivering mails to my office第68页/共95页 The glass is broken. The food smells invi

58、ting .2.作表语vWhat he said sounds_ (convince). vHe was _(interest) in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest)convincinginterestedinteresting这道菜香味怡人。这道菜香味怡人。Please fill in the blank with the verb given：使信服第69页/共95页 类似情况还有：surprising surprised, exciting excited, tir

59、ing tired , disappointing disappointed, encouraging encouraged ， amazed amazing , bored boring , pleasing pleased, astonishing astonished. -ed 分词 Sb. + Link.v + -ed分词 -ing分词 Sth. + Link.v + -ing分词 人的感觉事物本身的特点第70页/共95页巩固练习二 用所给动词的-ed 或ing形式填空： 1)The journey was quite_(tire) 2)The result of the exam m

60、ade me _ (disappoint) 3)This was really an _moment(excite) 4)His _look suggested that he didnt understand it(puzzle) 5)He seemed quite _at the idea. (delight) 6)The present situation is _(encourage)第71页/共95页 They caught him cheating in the mid-term examination He was caught cheating in the mid-term examinat