2022年2022年定语从句大集锦【精华知识】

1、精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1 .关系代词： who、 whom、 whose、 which、 that、 as2 .关系副词： when、 where、 why关系代词和关系副词必需位于从句之首 大家想一想什么叫从句来的.在一个句子前面加上连词 .在定语从句中这个连词叫做关系词. 关系词的概念为 : 既要起连接作用 、又要在从句中做成分 ,主句先行词之后,起着连接先行词和从句的作用, 同时在从句中又充当句子成分；e.g. she is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词 who在从句中作主语

2、）the comrade with whom i came knows french.（ whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）关系词的概念为 :既要起连接作用 、 又要在从句中做成分、那么怎么作这个成分呢 下面的用法要牢记哟 :3 .关系代词和关系副词的用法：1 ）当先行词为人时用who作主语, whom作宾语； 2 ）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which,可作主语或宾语； 3 ）先行词为人.物时用that,可作主语或宾语； 4 ） whose用作定语,可指人或物； 5 ）关系副词when（指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where（指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语） ,why（指缘由,在定语

3、从句中作缘由状语）；定语从句分为 :限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句. 怎么区分 、 对于我们初学者来说记住 :非限制性定语从句前面或者后面有逗号.（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载1 .限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系亲密,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合规律；e.g. i was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句,意思就不完整）2 .非限制性定语从句： 从句对先行词关系不亲密, 去掉定从句, 意思仍旧完整；形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导；e.g.

4、 toms father 、 who is over sixty、看好这就为非限定性从语从句.注意到逗号了吗 . still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特殊留意的几个问题1 .that与 which的区分；1 ）用 that而不用which的情形：1. 在 there+be的句型中,句子的主语为先行词,而且又为物；例如：there are two novels that i want to read.我要读的有两本小说；there is no work that can be done now.

5、没有什么工作现在能做的了；2. 当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时；例如：this is the book that was bought yesterday.这就为昨天买的书；our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再为以前的学校了；3. 以 here is are开头的句子时；例如：here is a film that will move anyone.这为一部将使任何人受感动的电影；here are two books that i will buy.这为我要买的两本书；4. it is hig

6、htime +定语从句中；例如：it is time that we should have a rest.我们应当休息了；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载it is high time that they started out.他们该动身了；5. 当先行词为 way等词时,关系代词用that或者 in which在定语从句中作方式状语时,在口语中,常可省略；例如：this is the way that my father did this work.这就为我父亲做此工作的方式；she admired the way in which i answered t

7、he questions.她仰慕我回答疑题的方式；6. 在双重限定性定语从句中,假如一个从句用who或者 which引导时,那么另一个从句用that引导；例如：heisthestudentthatihaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.他为我曾经看到过跳得最高的同学；my brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful inour city that isn't far from here.我的弟弟在我们的城市最漂亮的学校读书,并且离这儿不远；7. 当先行词被 the last 、 the very

8、和 the only修饰时；例如：this is the very pen that i am looking for.这正为我找的钢笔；the only book i want to read is missing.我唯独想看的书不见了；8. 在强调句子中,并且以who 、which、 what开头时；例如：who was it that was lost .到底为谁迷路了？（此句中,最好不用 who来代替 that,防止重复；）what was it that you did last week.你上周到底做什么了？9. 当先行词有序数词时；例如： you are the first pe

9、rson that i want to ask for.你为我要见的第一个人；this is the second book that i have ever written.这为我写的其次本精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载书；10. 当先行词被 all、 every、 no 、 some、 few 、 little、 much、 both等修饰时,例如：this is all that i want to say at the meeting.这就为我在会上要说的；have you any books that are worth reading.你有值的看的书

10、吗？11. 当先行词既指人又指物时；例如：the professor and his achievement that i heard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞扬；let'stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事；12. 当先行词为 anything.everything.nothing时,关系代词用that、不用 which；但用 something时,用 which或者 that均可；例如：everything we have s

11、een in china is moving.我们在中国观察的东西件件感人；i have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西；13. 当先行词为疑问代词who时；例如：who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess.你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？2 ）用 which而不用 that的情形：（ 1 ） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词关系代词 ”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,关系代词必需用which.例如： the house in which we live is very large.我们住的

12、房子特别大； thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacheris精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载speaking.这就为老师正在谈及的那本参考书；留意：假如介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,which就可换为 that, 例如：this is thequestion which/that weve had so much discussion about. =this isthe question about which weve had so much discussion.这就为我们已经多次争论过的问题；（ 2 ）先行词

13、为 “those表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用 that.例如： studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheir behavior.同学应牢记那些规范自己的行为准就； a bookshop should deal with a variety of those bestsellerswhich are newly published.书店应当经营新出版的各种畅销书；考题 1 all is needed is a supply of oil.（1989）a. the thing b. that c. w

14、hat d. which答案b解析先行词为不定代词all , 其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导,在该定语从句中充当主语；（3 ） 修饰前面整个句子时（4 ）引导限制性定语从句3 ） as 引导定语从句时的用法精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载 as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于the sameas、 suchas结构中；e.g. i want the same shirt as my friends.我要一件跟我伴侣一样的衬衫；such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china.我们车间使用的

15、这种机器为中国制造的； as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子；通常用以下句型：asisknowntoall、asissaid、asis reported、 as is announced、 as we all know、 as i expect等；e.g. as i expected、 he got the first place again in this mid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名；3 ） as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区分当主句和从句语义一样时,用as ；反之,用 whi

16、ch来引导非限制性定语从句；e.g. he made a long speech、 as we expected.he made a long speech、 which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导；e.g. tom drinks a lot every day、 which his wife doesnt like at all.一句话语法 : as用法1. 固定结构中 、比如 such. asso.as to .;2. 假如句子译成正如 . 一样、肯定使用as2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数仍为用复数应由先行词打算；e.g.

17、 the man who lives downstairs speaks english fluently.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利；the students who are in grade three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.一句话语法 :看一个第一个例子 、 who指代的为哪个 、 the man、所以只能为who lives3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语.状语或谓语隔开；e.g. there is an expression in his eyes

18、that i cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替；e.g. october 1、 1949 was the day on which = when the peoples republic of china was founded.为什么会为这样 :关系副词 =介词 + which.october 1、 1949 was the day whichthe peoples republic of chinawas founded on.看一下上面这个句子 、 看懂了吗 .which在从句中做on的宾语 宾语有两个 、前面讲过的 、

19、一个为动词宾语 、另一个为介词宾语 .再看下面这个例子 :october1、1949wasthedaywhenthepeoplesrepublicof china was founded.等量代换 .5. 当定语从句中谓语动词为带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开；e.g. the sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前,只能用which和 whom,且不能省略；介词在句尾,精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载关系代词可有which、 that、 whom、口语中

20、也可用 who,且可省略；e.g.themanwhom/who/thatyouweretalkingabouthas come to school.四关系副词常见的关系副词有when、 where、why.when的用法 :1.先行词为表时间的名词,when=on which i ll never forget the day when i met you.i ll never forget the day on which i met you.2. when 在从句中作时间状语：如定语从句不为缺状语,而为缺主语或宾语,要用 which/that来引导；i ll never forget th

21、e time which i spent on campus.i ll never forget the day when we first met in the park. 3.when 的先行词可以为含有时间意义的抽象名词；（ 09 四川20 ）10. shell never forget her stay there d she found her son who had gone missing two years before.thatb. whichc. whered. when. where的用法1.先行词为表地点的名词,如place/house 等； where=at/in w

22、hich this is the town where i spent my childhood.this is the town in which i spent my childhood.2. where 在句中作地点状语：如定语从句缺主语或宾语,要用which/that 引导定语从句；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载this is the town where i spent my childhood. this is the town which i told you about before.3. where 的先行词可以为含有地点意义的抽象名词,如si

23、tuation、point 等； 2007江西卷 7. after gradutation she reached a point in her careerdshe heeded to decion what to do.a. thatb.whatc.whichd.where. why 的用法：1. 先行词为reason 等表缘由的名词why=for which you are the reason why i stay.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载2. * 只引导限制性定语从句五介词 +关系代词.从定语从句中找线索1.定语从句中的动词：所选介词需于动词搭配（09陕西 11

24、） gun control is a subject _c americans have argued for a long time.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载a. ofwhichb.withwhichc. about whichd. into which2.定语从句中的形容词he referred me to some reference book with which i am not vey familiar.3.定语从句中的名词i am sending you an inquiry、 to which your prompt attention is highly

25、 appreciated.从先行词判定：介词与先行词构成固定搭配at the area、 to the extent、 to the degree、at the temperature 、etc. 2007重庆卷30 human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree b they can be controlled on purpose.a. with whichb. to whichc. of whichd. for which.表示所属关系或部分关系与整体关系时用介词of08 四 川 卷 4. for m

26、any cities in the world、 there is no room to spread our further、 c new york is an example.a.forwhichb. inwhichc. ofwhichd. from which精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载六限制性和非限制定语从句1形式上区分：“逗号 ”2. 意义上的区分： 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句* 假如定语从句修饰的为一个专出名词,要用非限制性定语从句；c.可限制性也可非限制性的定语从句：二者强调的意义不一样；he has a daughter who work

27、s in a hospital. he has a daughter、 who works in a hospital.* 两种定语从句翻译有差别：限制性定语从句一般译为“的”定语形式； 而非限制性定语从句往往译为各种状语（尤以缘由状语居多） ；the food、 which wasn t in the fridge、 all went off.the people were desperate for work、 any work、 which could support their family. what 的用法：含 义 为 the thing that; all that 1.what

28、 前不能有先行词：what= “特定的先行词 +that” all d_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.whatisneededb.thethingsneededc.forourneedsd. that is needed2.what 单独使用作关系代词表人也表物she is not what she used to be.3.what +名词：意为 “全部的,尽可能多的”i will give you what help i can.八总结：1.近五年定语从句都为高考的重点,留意考查定语从句的关系代词和关系副词

29、以及介词+关系词等学问点；2.关系副词的选用犯难点,难在要分析关系词在定语从句中充当的成分,需要考生在做题时细致分析关系词的成分；3.湖北省高考定语从句的考查近年来无单独考查情形,主要集中在完成句子.完形中,仍需要扎实巩固定语从句中涉及的语法点；精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载【定语从句】下面我们来做练习 :1. the man visited our school yesterday is from london.a. whob. whichc. whomd. when2. the woman is talking to my mother is a frien

30、d of hers.a. whoseb. whoc. whomd. which3. because of my poor memory、 all you told me has been forgotten.a. that b. which c. what d. as4. doyourememberthosedayswespentalongtheseashore very happily.a. whenb. wherec. whichd. who5. tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera he

31、lost last week.a. which b. that c. whom d. as 1-5 abacd6. those want to go please sign their names here.a. whomb. whichc. whod. when7. where is the man i met this morning.a. whenb. wherec. whichd. who8. who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there.精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载a. whob. /c. tha

32、td. when9. the man you talked just now is a worker.a. whob. whomc. to whomd. to who10. the man you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.a. with whomb. whenc. to whomd. which 6-10 cdcca11. the doctor is leaving for africa next month.a. the nurse is talking to himb. whom the nurse is talk

33、ingc. the nurse is talking tod. who the nurse is talking12. the man around our school is from america.a. which you showedb. you showed himc. you showedd. where you showed13. he talked about a hero no one had ever heard.a. of whomb. from whomc. about thatd. who14. infacttheswededidnotunderstandthethr

34、eequestionswere asked in french.a. whereb. whoc. in whichd. which15. have you read the book i lent to you.a. thatb. whomc. whend. whose精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载11-15 ccada16. finally、 the thief handed over everything he had stolen to the police.a. thatb. whichc. whateverd. all17. theforeigngue

35、sts、weregovernmentofficials、were warmlywelcomed at the airport.a. most of themb. most of thatc. most of whomd. most of those18. this is the very letter came last night.a. whob. whichc. thatd. as19. iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask knows better than i.a. whoeverb. whomeverc. anyoned. the one

36、20. this is the school we visited three days ago.a. whereb. /c. whend. what 16-20 accab21. this is the factory we worked a year ago.a. whereb. thatc. whichd. on which22. nearby were two canoes they had come to the island.a. whichb. in whichc. thatd. /精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载23. jack is please

37、d with you have given him and all you have told him.a. that、whatb.what、thatc.which、whatd.that、 which24. do you work near the building colour is yellow.a. thatb. whichc. itsd. whose25. inthedarkstreet、therewasntasingleperson she could turn for help.a. whomb. whoc. to whomd. form whom 21-25 abbdc26. i

38、s this school we visited three years ago.a. the oneb. whichc. thatd. where27. is this the school we visited three years ago.a. the oneb. wherec. in whichd. / 28、 how many students are there in your class homes are in the country.a. whoseb. whoc. whomd. which29. alice received an invitation from her

39、boss、 came as a surprise.a. itb. whichc. thatd. he30. the train was crowded and i had to get into a carriage already精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载seven other people.a. when there wereb. which there werec. that there wered. where there were 26-30 adabd31. i live in the house windows face south.a. wh

40、ichb. whosec. whered. in that32. -whatgameispopularwiththem.-themostistennis.a. game they like itb. game they likec. best game they like33.theystayedwithmed. best game they like itthreeweeks、theydrankallthewine i had.a. whichb. which timec. during which timed. during which34. the room mr white lives

41、 is not very large.a. thatb. whichc. whered. when35. dont forget the day you were received into the youth league.a. whenb. thatc. at whichd. where 31-35 bbdca36. ive finished writing the novel、 is to be published next精品学习资料精选学习资料 - - - 欢迎下载细心整理欢迎下载month.a. thatb. whatc. whichd. when37. he returned h

42、ome safe and sound after a fierce battle、 was unexpected.a. whichb. asc. thatd. it38. we is known to all、 english is not very difficult to learn.a. whatb. asc. thatd. which39. the old man had three sons、 all of died during world war .a. whoseb. thatc. whomd. who40. i have bought two pens、 write well.a. noneofwhichb.neitherofwhichc.bothofwhichd. all of which 36-40 cabcc41. do you know the reason she has changed her mind.a. whyb. whichc. for thatd. of which42.hefailedintheexam、proveshard enough.thathewasntworking