自主学习5-答案

1、自主学习 5Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices

2、. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write the corresponding letter for each item in the blank. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.Reading is an important skill that needs to be developed in children

3、. Not only is it necessary for 1)_ in the world of schools and later on universities, but in adult life as well. The ability to learn about new subjects and find helpful information on anything from health problems and consumer protection to more 2)_ research into science or the arts depends on the

4、ability to read.the more children read, the better they become at reading. It's as simple as that. The more enjoyable the things they read are, the more they'll 3)_ with them and develop the reading skills that they'll need for full 4)_ to information in their adult lives. Reading should

5、 be viewed as a pleasurable activity - as a source of 5)_ tales and useful and interesting factual information.The more young children are to read, the greater their interest in mastering reading. Reading out loud 6)_ children to proper grammar and phrasing. It 7)_ the development of their spoken la

6、nguage skills, their ability to express themselves verbally(口头上).Reading, by way of books, magazines or websites, exposes kids to new vocabulary. Even when they don't understand every new word, they absorb something from the 8)_ that may deepen their understanding of it the next time the word is

7、 9)_. When parents read aloud to children, the children also hear correct pronunciation as they see the words on the page, even if they can't yet read the words 10)_.A) academicF) contextK) exposesB) accessG) enablesL) independentlyC) accompanyH) encounteredM) specificD) clearlyI) enhancesN) sti

8、ckE) comprehensionJ) entertainingO) survival1-5 OANBJ 6-10 KIFHLSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

9、You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by writing the corresponding letter in the blank.Googles Google ProblemGoogle is killing Google Reader. Use of Google Reader, a tool, by the way, for reading online content via RSS was concen

10、trated among a small group of relatively intense users. As it happens, that small group includes quite a lot of people who write for or as part of their living And so Google Reader has been mourned over, angrily at times, a bit more than the many other Google services that have come and gone.It

11、 isn't that hard to imagine what Google was thinking when it made this decision. It's a big company, but even big companies have finite resources, and devoting those precious resources to something that isn't making money and isn't judged to have much in the way of development potent

12、ial is not an attractive option. Dropping Reader isn't going to hurt the company's business.Yet this little contretemps(令人尴尬的事) may suggest bigger trouble ahead for Google and big changes for the internet. One immediate effect is relatively easy to anticipate. John Hempton makes a nice point

13、 here: Google is in the process of abandoning its mission. Google's stated mission is to organize all the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful. Google no longer cares. It seems what they care about is mass-markets.Google has asked us to build our lives aroun

14、d it: to use its e-mail system, its search engines, its maps, its calendars, its cloud-based apps and storage services, its video- and photo- hosting services, and on and on and on. Google wants us to use its services in ways that provide it with interesting and valuable information, and eyeballs. I

15、f a particular Google experiment isn't cutting it in that category, then Google may feel justified in axing it.But that makes it increasingly difficult for Google to have success with new services. Why commit to using and coming to rely on something new if it might be pulled away at some future

16、date? This is especially problematic for "social" apps that rely on network effects. Even a bad social service may thrive if it obtains a critical mass. Yanking away services beloved by early adopters almost guarantees that critical masses can't be obtained: not, at any rate, without t

17、he provision of an incentive or commitment mechanism to protect the would-be users from the risk of losing a vital service.There may be bigger implications still, however. As I said, Google has asked us to build our lives around it, and we have responded. This response entails(需要) a powerful self-re

18、inforcement mechanism: Both providers and users of information and other services change their behavior as a result of the availability of a Google product. You can see this on a small scale with Reader. People design their websites and content based on the assumption that others, via an RSS reader,

19、 will come across and read that content in a certain way. And readers structure their reading habits, and ultimately their mental models of what information is available and where, based on the existence of this tool. If you then pull away the product at the heart of that system, you end up causing

20、significant disruption(混乱), assuming there aren't good alternatives available.The issue becomes a bit more obvious when you think about something like search. Many of us now operate under the assumption that if we want to find something we will be able to do so quickly and easily via Google sear

21、ch. If I want an idea for a unique gift for someone, I can put in related search terms and feel pretty confident that I'll get back store websites and blogs and Pinterest pages and newspaper stories and pictures all providing possible matches. If I'm a researcher, I know I can quickly find r

22、elevant academic papers, data, newspaper accounts, expert analysis, and who knows what else related to an enormous range of topics. Once we all become comfortable with that state of affairs we quickly begin optimizing(优化) the physical and digital resources around us. And once we all become comfortab

23、le with that, we begin rearranging our mental architecture. We stop memorizing key data points and start learning how to ask the right questions. We begin to think differently. We stop keeping a mental model of the physical geography of the world around us, because why bother? We can call up an incr

24、edibly detailed and accurate map of the world, complete with satellite and street-level images, whenever we want. The bottom line is that the more we all participate in this world, the more we come to depend on it.What Google has actually done is create a powerful infrastructure(基础设施). The shape of

25、that infrastructure influences everything that goes online. And it influences the allocation of mental resources of everyone who interacts with the online world. But there isn't much to the real human world that isn't shaped by the mental activity of the people in it! That's a lot of pow

26、er to put in the hands of a company that now seems interested, mostly, in identifying core mass-market services it can use to maximize its return on investment. Now in the short run, that may mostly be a problem for all of us. To the extent that we become worried about this phenomenon, we may go out

27、 and find back-up services or other alternatives. This will be less convenient and more costly, in terms of time and money, but those sufficiently foresighted(预见的) might feel it's a better option than opening up gmail one day to read that the email service, and the 10-year's worth of communi

28、cation it holds, will soon be gone.But in the long run that's a problem for Google. Because we tend not to entrust(委托) this sort of critical public infrastructure to the private sector. Network externalities are all fine and good to ignore so long as they mainly apply to the sharing of news and

29、pictures from a weekend trip with college friends. Once they concern large amount of economic output and the cognitive activity of millions of people, it is difficult to keep the government out. Maybe that obstacle will be sufficient to keep Google providing its most heavily used products. But maybe

30、 not.I find myself thinking again of the brave new world of the industrial city, when new patterns of interaction led to enormous changes in economic activity, in culture and personal behavior, and in the way we think. We upgraded ourselves, in terms of education and social norms, to maxim

31、ize the return to urban life. I think we, meaning users of the web and the companies that provide its blood and bones, are only beginning to deal with the implications of a world awash(充斥的) in information.11. Once we become comfortable with optimizing the physical and digital resources around us, we

32、 will start rearranging our mental architecture.12. A bad social service may become successful provided that it gets a critical mass.13. In the long term, people are not inclined to put critical public infrastructure into the hands of the private sector like Google.14. Google decided to shut down Go

33、ogle Reader because it was not profitable or promising.15. Everything on the Internet can be influenced by the powerful infrastructure created by Google.16. The availability of a Google product changes the behavior of the providers and users of information and other services.17. According to John He

34、mpton, now Google seems to be more concerned with mass-markets than its stated mission.18. Nowadays, many of us assume that if we would like to search for something quickly and easily, we can Google it.19. The big changes in economic activity, culture, individual behavior and thinking method resulte

35、d from new patterns of interaction.20. If a service cannot offer interesting and valuable information and eyeballs, Google will think it right to close it down.11-15 HEJBI 16-20 FCGKDSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished s

36、tatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter in the blank.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.If you are trying to do your bit for sustainability and save water by taking

37、 shorter showers, then a new report on sustainability reveals for the first time that there are more effective ways that our everyday choices can have a positive impact on the environment. For example, the glass of juice you have for breakfast might have used the same amount of water in its producti

38、on as the amount you have just saved by cutting your shower from 10 to 5 minutes. The milk on your cereal might have used even more. Balancing Act, a world first that has been developed for the Australia economy by scientists from CSIRO (澳大利亚联邦科学月工业研究组织) and the University of Sydney, looks across 13

39、5 industry sectors of the Australian economy and quantifies the impacts and contributions across ten social, environmental, and financial indicators. Report co-author CSIRO scientist, Barney Foran, says that sustainability for Australia is a balancing act as we try to make decisions and trade-offs i

40、n the face of often-competing economic, social and environmental attributes."We still need to eat and showerand it is still worth taking shorter showers to save our stressed urban water suppliesbut now consumers have a new tool to help us make more informed choices about different types of prod

41、ucts based on a new sustainability rating," says Foran.Different to other studies because of its detailed observation of the full production chain, this report is able to show the full effects-both direct and indirect of the production of an individual commodity or service, cappuccinos( 卡布奇诺咖啡

42、)or haircuts. It highlights sustainability challenges for different industries and points out areas in the production chain where a focused effort would make a significant difference.All effects are referenced back to a consumption dollar roughly the dollar spent by a consumer in everyday life. It a

43、lso shows that each consumption dollar is quite different-some dollars are positive and create employment, or suck in imports or generate government revenue. Other consumption dollars are less positive through their high use of water or production of greenhouse gas emissions.This relatively simple p

44、resentation of highly complex issues makes this a powerful tool for people who are interested in sustainability to move beyond decisions based on dollars and cents and enables them to make decisions based on a contribution to society, environment, and economy. 21. The new report on sustainability _.

45、A) suggests that saving water by raking shorter showers is ineffectiveB) provides more effective daily ways that can protect environmentC) indicates that drinking juice wastes more water than taking long showerD) reveals that milk uses more water in its production than juice does22. According to the

46、 passage, Balancing Act _.A) is developed for 135 industry sectors of the Australian economyB) is the first environmental protection organization developed by scientistsC) quantifies the environmental impact of ten social and financial indicatorsD) helps keep sustainability of Australia's econom

47、y, society and environment23. What benefit does Barney Foran think consumers can get from the new report? A) It urges people to take shorter showers to save water. B) It enables people to be wiser in selecting products. C) It saves the urban water supplies for people to take shower. D) It informs pe

48、ople of a fresh sustainability rating.24. According to the passage, what makes the new report special? A) It observes the full production chain in detail. B) It informs consumers of a new sustainability rating. C) It shows the indirect effects of an individual product. D) It stresses the challenges

49、different industries face.25. By using “a consumption dollar”, the report authors _. A) help people make decisions based on dollars and cents B) simplify the complex issue of greenhouse gas emissions C) discuss economys contribution to society and environment D) show different impacts and contributi

50、ons of our daily consumptionPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have childre

51、n, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children. With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages marriage, an

52、d sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at marriage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men

53、 and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings. The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lo

54、wer marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job i

55、n raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive ( 非认知性) traits of children, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousne

56、ss in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding. I am not claiming that children are worst oft" when the

57、ir parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or if they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal. 26. What do we learn from the first paragraph about marriage?A) It is

58、 primarily a necessary step to have children.B) It meets resistance in Western and other rich countries.C) It has a tremendous impact on the rearing of children.D) It is the most important institution throughout history.27. What may give rise to the changes in marriage age?A) Sharply rising divorce rate.B) Greater work participation of men.C) Increased college education of women.D) Narrowed gender gap in the labor market.28. What does the author say about low marriage rates?A) It lowers divorce rates to some extent.B) It res