美国看病常识常见血液检查及参考值

1、以下值来自我的医院实验室，仅供参考。各医院、各实验室的值会有些差别，请参照口己的血液检查报告的正常值。1. basic metabolic panel (bmp)(基础代谢检査)：是一组有八项的血液化学检查。包括四项电解质：钠、钾、氯、碳酸氢盐；两项反应肾功能的血尿 素氮+肌酹，加上血糖和钙。testreference range in us unitsreference range in si unitsto convert us to si unit (multiplied by)sodium (na+) 钠135-145 meq/l135-145 mmol/lx 1potassium (

2、k+) 钾3.55.0 meq/l3.55.0 mmol/lx 1chloride (cl) 氯97-109 meq/l97-109 mmol/lx 1bicarbonate (hco3 ) or co2 碳酸氢盐hcof 22-26 meq/l;paccb 35-45 mmhg.hco3- 2226 mmol/l;paco24.7-6.0 kpaxl；blood ureanitrogen (bun) 血尿素氮622 mg/dlincreased in acute glomerulonephritis,obstructive uropathy,mercury poisoning,nephrot

3、ic syndromedecreased in severe hepatic failure,pregnancycreatinine肌肝0.7-1.4 mg/dl62-124 pmol/lx88.5glucose血糖fasting: 701 lomg/dl;postprandial(2 hours):65 140mg/dl.3.85-6.05 mmol/l;3.587.7 mmol/l.x 0.055calcium (ca2+) 钙8.510.5 mg/dl2.12-2.62 mmol/lx 0.252.complete blood count (cbc)(全血细胞计数)：test中文refe

4、rence range in us unitsreference range in si unitswbc(white blood cell count/leukocyte count)白细胞数4,500-11,000/cu mm4.5-1 1x109/lneutrophils(wbc differential count)嗜中性粒细胞45%-73%number fraction:0.45-0.73eosinophils(wbc differential count)嗜酸性粒细胞0%4%number fraction:0.00-0.04basophils(wbc differential co

5、unt)嗜碱性粒细胞0%-1%number fraction:0.00-0.01lymphocytes(wbc differential count)淋巴细胞20%-40%number fraction:0.2-0.4monocytes(wbc differential count)单核细胞2%-8%number fraction:0.02-0.08rbc(red blood cell count/erythrocyte count)红细胞数males: 4.3-6.2x106/cu mm;females: 3.85.5x106/cummmales: 4.3-6.2xl012/l;female

6、s: 3.8-5.5xlo12/lhemoglobin血红蛋白或血 色素males: 1318 gm/dl;females: 1216gm/dl.males: 2.02-2.79 mmol/l;females: 1.862.48 mmol/l.hematocrit红细胞比容/ 比积males:42%-52%;females:35%47%.volume fraction:0.420.52;volume fraction: 0.350.47.mcv(mean corpuscular volume)平均红细胞容 积8496 cu mm84-96 flmch(mean corpuscular hemo

7、globin)平均血红蛋白 量28-33 pg/cell28-33 pg/cellmchc(mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)平均血红蛋白 浓度33%-35%concentration fraction:0.33-0.35platelet count(thrombocyte count)血小板150,000-450,000/cu mm0.15-0.45x1012/lmpv(mean platelet volume)血小板平均体 积2.65 to 2.9 pm9.7-12.8 fll3earterial blood gas(abg)(动脉血气分析

8、):test中文reference range in us unitsreferencerangein si unitsph jph值7.35-7.45735_745h+氢离子35-45 nmol/l(nm)35-45 nmol/l(nm)pao2血氧80-100 mmhg9.3-13.3 kpapaco2二氧化碳35-45 mmhg4.7-6.0 kpahco3-碳酸氢盐22-26 meq/l2226 mmol/l02 sat血氧饱和度95 - 99%95-99%4 liver function tests（肝功能检查）standard liver panel (标准肝功能检查):test中

9、文reference range in us unitsreference range in si unitsalbumin (alb)白蛋白3.5-5.0 g/dl35-50 g/lalanine transaminase (alt) or (sgpt)谷丙转氨酶/谷氨酸转氨酶9-60 u/l9-60 u/laspartate transaminase (ast) or(sgot)天冬氨酸氨基转移酶10-40 u/l10-40 u/lalkaline phosphatase (alp)碱性磷酸酶30120 u/l30-120 u/ltotal bilirubin (tbil)总胆红素0.1-

10、1.2mg/dl1.7-20.4 pmol/ldirect bilirubin直接胆红素10-0.3 mg/dl05.1 p mol/lgamma glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt)y 谷氨酰转肽酶0-51 u/l0-51 u/l5. protein tests (蛋白质检查):test中文reference range in us unitsreference range in si unitshuman serum albumin人血白蛋白3.5-5.0 g/dl35-50 g/lserum total protein血清总蛋白 16.5-8.5 g/dl65-85

11、 g/l6. comprehensive metabolic panel （cmp）（综合代谢检查）:是一组有十四项的常规血液化学检查。bmp （八项）+ protein tests （human serum albumin, serum total protein） + liver function tests （alp, alt, ast, bilirubin）。目的是检查肝肾功能、电解质和 体液平衡。具体请看1. bmp, 4. liver function tests和5. proteintests表里相关的值，这里不再列表赘 述。7. iron tests （检査血中的铁）:是测定血

12、中铁的含量、血液运输铁的能力和铁的儲存量。用于各型贫血的鉴别诊断（如：缺铁性贫 血、再生障碍性贫血、铁粒幼红细胞贫血和慢性溶血性贫血等）。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。test中文reference rangereference rangein us unitsin si unitsserum iron血淸铁（血液内游离的铁 离子）male: 65-177 gg/dl;female: 50-170 pig/dlmale: 11.6-31.7 pmol/l; female: 9.0- 30.4 |imol/ltibc(total iron-binding capac 让 y)血清总铁结合力/血清运

13、铁 容量240-450 pg/dl43.080.6 pmol/luibc(unsaturated iron- binding capacity)未饱和铁结合力the uibc is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the tibc.uibc= tibc serum irontransferrin saturation (=serum iron/ tibc)运铁蛋门饱和度male: 20-50%;female: 15-50%serum ferritin血清铁蛋白（血液内结合 状态的铁，检查体内铁缺 乏的最灵敏的指标）males: 202

14、50 ng/ml;females: 12-250 ng/mlmales: 20-250 pg/l;females: 12250 pg/l8. lipid profile（lipid panel）（血脂检查）:高血脂增加心血管疾病的风险。需空腹12小时抽静脉血检查。test中文1reference range in us unitsreference range in si unitstotal cholesterol总胆固醇recommended <200 mg/dl; moderate risk 200-239 mg/dl; high risk >240 mg/dl.<5.

15、2 mmol/l;5.2-6.2 mmol/l;>6.24 mmol/lhigh density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c)(good cholesterol)高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（好胆固醇）major risk factor <40 mg/dl; negative risk factor >59 mg/dlx 0.026=mmol/llow density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c)(bad cholesterol)低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（坏胆固醇）recommended <129 mg/dl; mod

16、erate risk 130159 mg/dl; high risk >159 mg/dl.x 0.026=mmol/ltriglycerides三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯recommended 30149 mg/dl(< 160)x 0.01 l=mmol/l9.thyroid function test （甲状腺功能检查）：test中文reference range in us unitsreferencerangein si unitsinterpretationtsh (thyroid-stimulating hormone)/serum thyrotropin甲状腺 刺激激 素

17、/促甲 状腺素0.4-6 miu/l0.3 to 3.0 m!u/l(as of2003 )0.4-6 miu/lv04(低)possible hyperthyroidism( m4 7l)； >6(高)hypothyroidism(甲减).note: the american association of clinicalendocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0.t3 / serum triiodothyronine血清三 碘甲状80

18、 to 220ng/dl1.23-3.39 nmol/lv80(低)hypothyroidism(甲减);>220(高)pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢)腺素total t4 / serum thyroxine血清甲 状腺素4.5-12.5mg/dl58.5-162.5 nmol/l<4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when tsh is also elevated.> 12.5（高）hyperthyroidism（甲亢）.low t4 with low tsh can some

19、times indicate a pituitary problem.free t4 / free thyroxine游离甲 状腺0.7 to 2.0 ng/dl9.0-25.8 pmol/l<0.7 possible hypothyroidism（甲减）lo.clotting factor （凝血因子）:test中文reference range in us unitsclinical significanceprothrombin time凝血酶 原时间12-15 secondsprolonged by deficiency of factors i ji,v, vii, and x

20、, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy.inr（international normalized ratio）国际标 准化比 值1.023 for therapy in atrial fibrilation.deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism;2.53.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valvesinr used to standardize the prothrombin time and anti

21、coagulation therapy.partial thromboplastin time （activated）活化部 分凝血 激酶时 间25-30 secondsprolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors ii,v, viii, ix,x,xi, and xii,and in heparin therapy.thrombin time凝血酶 时间1015 secondsprolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant.ilcardiac marke

22、r （心脏病指标）：虽然仍有医院、有医生在做cpk-mbtest,但这里只介绍一个目前被认为是检测急性心肌梗塞 （acute myocardial infarction）最灵敏的检测法troponin test （troponin i （肌钙蛋白 i） onset: 4-6 hrs, peak: 12-24 hrs, return to normal: 4-7 days）.troponini reference rangeinterpretation （判读）0.00-0.09normal00-0.60possible indication of myocardial damage, unst

23、able angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. clinical correlation is required>0.60may indicate significant myocardial injury. clinical correlation is required.12.cancer marker (癌症指标)：test中文reference range in us unitsclinical significanceafp (alpha fetop

24、rotein)甲胎蛋 白<10pg/loften elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers.ca 15-3ca 153<30 1u/lincreased in metastatic breast. raised levels are also present in othermalignant

25、conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benigndiseases of ovaries & breast).ca 19-19ca 1919<37 1u/lincreased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .its level is best evaluated along with cea marker test.cai 25ca125<35 iu/lincreased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(gi),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis.carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)癌胚抗 原0-2.5p g/l(nonsmoker);0-5 pg/l(smoker)cea