被动语态,非谓语

1、Passive Voice被动语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者。 人常是执行者，所以被动句多是 物做主语，因此科技文章，说明文用被动语态.1. 要点提示：被动语态由“ be+过去分词”构成。2. “主动变被动很简单，及物动词方有缘；宾变主来主变宾；谓语至少二部分；过去分词永不变，时态人称 be体现”（记熟过去分词PP!）被动语态的形式be+PP一般现在时（必会用）am/is/are+PP一般过去时（必会用）was/were+PP现在进行时am/is/are being+PP过去进行时was/were being+PP现

2、在完成时have/has been+PP过去完成时had been+PP一般/过去将来时will /would be+PP含有情态动词的（必会用）Can/may/must/should 等 +be+PP用动词show的被动语态填空1) .1 know a new filmat the cin ema every week.2). I know a new film at the cinema last week.3) . Iknow a new filmatthe cin emaat prese nt.4) . Iknow a new filmatthe cin emaat eight las

3、tni ght5) . Iknow a new filmatthe cinemarecently6) . Iknow a new filmatthe cinemaby the endoflast week.7). I know a new filmat the cin ema in two days8) knew a new filmat the cin ema while we were sta nding in line for tickets.9) knew a new filmustat the cinema .用法指南1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁时Is this room

4、 cleaned every day?How was it invented?2）表示“据说”、“据报道”等意义的句式It is said that the boy is only 5 years old.记一记：It' believed/ known/ reported/ said/ discovered that等。3）视情况不同，“ by+名词或代词”可以省略，主语是 who时，不可以省略。Who teaches you chemistry? By whom is chemistry taught to you?Who is chemistry taught by?4）“主谓双宾

5、语（间接宾语直接宾语）”结构的主动句变为被动句时，可 有两种形式：一种是以间接宾语（人）作主语，另一种是以直接宾语（物）作主语 They offered him some money.He was offered some money (by them).Some money was offeredo him ( by them ).I bought her a pair of shoes.She was bought a pair of shoes.A pair of shoes was boughfbr her.注意：”物”变为主语时，人”前经常要用介词to, for来引导。5) “主-谓

6、-宾-宾语补足语”结构的主动句变为被动句时，宾补变成主补They told the children to stay in the classroom.The children were told to stay in the classroom.You can find a river lying over there.A river can be found lying ove r there.We must keep the room cleanThe room must be kept clean.注意：(see/notice/watch/hear/help/make/have不带to

7、的不定式作宾补，改为被 动语态时，要将to还原。Somebody saw himtake away the box.He was seento take away the box.Why do you make him work day and night?Why is he madeto work day and night?6) 含有短语动词的主动句变为被动，要把短语动词看成一体，保留其中的介词或 副词。Everybody laughed at him.He was laughedat by everybody.You must pay attention to your pronunci

8、ation.Your pronunciation must be paid attentiorto.7) 部分状态词无被动 have;cost;belong to; fit; suit;agree with8) 部分v.i词用主动代替被动：sell,wear;write washwellThe pen writes wellThe pants washes well.The shoes wear wellThe car sells well.初中英语被动语态练习1. One or two man-made satellitesin our country every year.(se nd u

9、p)2. It(say) our TV setyesterday. (repair)3. Howthe Great Pyramid (金字塔)many years ago without moder nmachi nes?.(build)4. Many books on scie neesince I went to college.(read)5. A won derful En glish talkby Mr Liu tomorrow.(give)6. Mr Li , youon the phone, (want)7 I thi nk the computerin every family

10、 before Ion g.(use)8. the work yet ? (finish)9. This maths problem can easily out by little Tom.( work)10. This kind of car in Japan ten years ago.(can make)11. One year into four seasons.(divide)12 He much better today.(feel)13.The bear must to the zoo tomorrow morning.(send)14. A book should more

11、than once if you want to understand it better.( read)15 The meeting in Room 302 soon.(hold)16.Such cars well(sell)17“Must the text today ? ” aske(cdoTpoy)m18 In the past ten years, a lot of new buildings in our city.(put up)18 You can't go bike riding unless the homework (do)A. Hasfi nishedB. Ha

12、s bee n fi ni shedC Was- fi nishedD. Hasbee nfinished19 A lot of books in our library.A. is keptB. are keptC. is keepingD. are keeping20.Don't go in . Your son A. is operated oninside the room.operates onD. has beenB. is being operated onC.operated21.Food and clothes by women.A is often talk abo

13、utB. are often talkedC.are often talked aboutD. oftentalked about22.The baby when Mother was out.A. well looked afterB. was looked wellC. is well looked afterD. waswell looked after24. Joan said the wallet in no time.A. will be handed inB. would be handed in C. had been handed in D.would be handed25

14、. Jack often does things foolishly, so he sometimes by others.A. is laughedB. is laughed atC. waslaughedD.has bee n laughed at26. Rubbish but collected and recycle(d 回收) into useful things .A. is not now givenB. will not now given C. doesn't now be givenD. is nownot given up27 People have come t

15、o know that their health must .A.pay more attention toB. be paid more attention C. be paid more attention to28 When the People's Republic of China ?A. did foundB. wasfoundC. wasfoundedD.did find29. A beautiful picturethe children by the teacher in the classroom.D. wasD. will beA. were shownB. we

16、re shown toC. was shownshown to30. Tom a new bike tomorrow.A. will lendB. will lentC. will be lent13lent to31 He cross the street.A. seesB. saw toC. was seenD. was seen to32. A new bike Tom tomorrow.C. was lent toD. isA. will be lentB. will be lent to lent to33 . Some eggs and a glass of milk the Fr

17、enchman.A. have been brought toB. has been brought to C. have been brought D. hasbeen brought34 The paper for books and newspapers from wood .A. is madeB. are madeC. madeD. has beenmade35. A song the guests by the famous singer now.A. is sung toB. is being sung forC. is been sung toD. isbeing sang f

18、or36. Pictures the people in the park every day.A. are drawn forB. are drawn toto37. Jack answer the question in French.A. asked toB. was askto38. The guards search the young man.A. wee orderedB. were order39. Mr Brown take the medicine twice a day.A. has toldB. has been told toto40. The Browns leav

19、e the hotel already.A. has been seenB. have being seenseen toC. are drew forD. are drawC. was askedD. was askedC. were ordered toD. ordered toC. has been toldD. has be toldC. have been seen toD. have be41. The thieves steal out of the shop in a hurry.A.were noticed toB. is noticed toC have been noti

20、ced42. The boys copy the new words ten times before they went home.A. were makeB. were made toC. were maked toto43. A man cry for help last night.A. was heard toB. was heardC. was hear to44. Mary do morning exercises on the playground.A. saw toB. was saw toC . was seen to45. Tom watch TV after he fi

21、nishes his homeworkD. was madeD. heard toD. was seenA. will let toB. will be allowedC. will be letD. will be allowed to.46. Now Little Jack draw a picture of a bird.A. is be helpedB. is been helpedC. is being helped to D. isbeing help to47. A letter Tom and will be posted tomorrow.A. has written to

22、B. has been written to been written48. Great changes in the village since then.A . have been taken place B. took place taken place49. In the last few years Beijing greatly.A. has changed B. has been changed changed50. The Great Wall people all over the world.C. has writtenC. have taken placeC. chang

23、edD. hasD. wereD. wasis known toA. knew B. is known C. was know D. 主动变被动 ;被动变主动 ( 供选择使用 )1. She takes care of 5 kids2. I often hear her sing at night.3. Reading improves my English.4. How did you work it out?5. Where can I get shampo?6. Who ordered these dihes?7. Most people enjoy water sports8. He

24、causes trouble every day9. No one can stop me from doing scientific research.10. Should he drink tea with honey?11. What do you do at noon?12. They have given away one million dollars13. Another subway wll be built in Beijing.14. We aren't learing English15. She was made to have a rest by mom16.

25、 Something must be done to help him out.17. I noticed him come in.18. Must I pick them up?19 We believe that practice makes perfect20. People say aliens landed on the earth last night.21. She is usually seen to enter the net bar in school hours.22 Can I taste the mixture?23, It produced a beautiful

26、piece of music.24 He hums something in class.25 What makes you work so hard?填空.1. Last year, laws (pass) to protect our environment2. Chopsticks shouldn't (stick) in your food.3. Homework _(hand) in every morning4. How often your hair (wash)?5. How soon my bike (return)?6. Football can't (pl

27、ay) in the classroom.7. Tom (think) to be the cleverest in my class.8. The car used to (regard)as the oldest, but now it (sell)well.9. What (do) over these years?10. 5555yuan (raise) for the sick boy yesterday.11. When the Party (found)?12. The dog (find) jumping and running with another dog,_ _?13.

28、 By whom the plants(look after) every Tuesday?14. He is crying .What to him?15.I (encourage) to speak loudly.16. Smoking or drinking(not allow)hear.17. He created a game (play) on the internet.18.So far, no stragity (come)up with.19. a wrong size(give) to you just now?20. English(teach) in our schoo

29、l?21. this seat (take)?22.I (ask )to make the bed every morning.23. Telephone (not invent) until 187624. What _ the cup _(use) for doing in the past?25. People must (stop) from littering the river.非谓语动词 非谓语动词顾名思义是不充当谓语的动词形式。 换句话说， 句中已经有了动 词。所以它们不受主语的人称和数的限制。可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语。包括to do (表一次性或

30、将要发生);doing (习惯性， 或正在发生)；done (被动或完成)三种！以下按句子成分对比学习1. to do / doing 都能作主语 , done 不能!To learn a foreign languageis not easy.=It is not easy to learn a foreign language. Learning a foreign languages not easy.不用 it 做形式主语)What to do is a problem.1) 当主语是to do,表语也是to do当主语是doing,表语也是doing要前后一 致。To seeis t

31、o believe. = Seeing is believing.To teach is to learn. = Teaching is learning.2) 有 it 出现, 就要想到 to do!A. It is +形容词/名词+ (for sb) to doIt is impossible to live without air.It won'tbe difficult for Mary to find a new job.It is a pleasure to be with them.B. it 做形式宾语同理 !I find it important to plan th

32、ings for yourselfYou havemade it possible for me to have Lucky.Don'tyou feel it your duty to support your family?I think it easy to do some listening every day.C. It is + 形容词 +of sb.to doIt is very kind of you to help him every day.注意：这里的形容词用来说明人的本质、 品德等。 Kind； clever；nice； careful D. It takes /

33、 took +sb. +一段时间 +to doIt takes me ten minutes to walk to that school every day.How long did it take you to get here?It ' ll take him a monthto finish reading the book.2 to do / doing/done 作表语to do / doing动名词)可以主，表互换；done, doing分词)，相当于形容词，不能互换.My wish is to becomea scientist. (To become a scient

34、ist is my wish.)Her hobby is reading. (Reading is her hobby)The door is locked/broken/lost.The trip is exciting/boring/relaxing3 to do / doing作宾语 done不能！4 介词 +doing!I don'tmind moving the bike.You decide how to go there.We are looking forward to seeing you soon.Are you interested in flying kites

35、?4 三种都能作状语A. 目的状语用 to doHe went to America to learn English.To make things easier, they would give money.In order not to offend people,we can't use direct orders.Stop to rest!B. 结果状语： enough to do /too- to do He is strong enough to lift the box.You are too young to learn to drive.=You are not ol

36、d enough to learn to drive.=You are so young that you ca'nt learn to drive.C情绪adjs后to do作原因状语 (glad/sorry/excited/surprised/amazed/sure/ready)I 'm very excited to get the chance.He is sure to beat him in tennis.D 时间，原因，条件，伴随方式状语用 doing,doneBeing ill, he didn'tshow up here.Walking to scho

37、ol, I met a friend .They went home,singing and laughing.Seen from the hill,the city is like a picture.I 根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary (learn) a foreign language?2. He is good at (swim).3. Do you have anything (say) for yourself?4. It's spring now. it's time (plant) trees.5. Don't

38、keep me (wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not (play) in the street.7. Her son is too young (dress) himself.8. The ice (cover) with snow is dangerous to walk on.9. China doesn't want (copy) the USA's example.10. Let's (have) a rest, shall we?11. The speaker spoke too q

39、uickly for us (understand).12. The book seems easy (read).13. I asked him (show) me his new pen.14. A (break) car is parked at the corner of the road.15. Knives are used for (cut) things.16. What's his (give) name, do you know?17. I really don't know what (do) next.18. I often hear people (s

40、ay) “(see) is(believe)”.19. You'd better (try) this medicine.20. They said they had nothing (worry) about.21. Can you finish (read) the book in three days?22. We couldn't help (laugh) after we heard the funny story.23. The doctor was busy (operate) on the boy at that time.24. Mary opened the

41、 door for him (come) in.25. (tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him.26. His wish was (become) a doctor.27. Stop (talk) and listen to me carefully.28. Thank you very much for (help) us.29. Granny is very ill and she doesn't feel like (eat) anything.30. Which of the following thing

42、s would you like (own)?31 (be) honest, I just don't like him.32 The boy was too short (reach) the toy on the desk.33. I found a man (lock) the door when I passed by.34. When you leave, don't forget off the light.A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned35 Who do you think you'd like ?A. to

43、 make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with36. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries it too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat37Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday?This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework this Sunday.A. to do B. done C.

44、 do D. to be done38. Sally had no pen yesterday morning.A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with39. John asked David how Christmas.A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate40. Excuse me, sir. Look at the sign on the wall“NO ”.Oh, I 'm sorry. I 'll never do it again.A. PARKED B. SMOKE C. SPITTING D. SMOKED41. Boys and girls, will you please the park this afternoon? OK.A. not cleaning out B. not to clean out C. to clean up D. clean up 42Do you practice English every morning?A. sp