上海版牛津英语高二下学期第二章学习辅导材料

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上上海版牛津英语 S2B U2 学习辅导材料（2015.03）重点词组与句型Reading defineas 把定义为We can define a joke as something you say that causes laughter?我们可以把笑话定义为你说的一种能引起人们发笑的东西。 a practical joke 恶作剧InEngland,jokesare onlyplayedin themorningas itisconsideredbad luckto playa practicaljokeon someone afternoon. 在英格兰，只有上

2、午才能和人开玩笑，过了中午的恶作剧会被人认为是不吉利的。 play a trick on sb. 戏弄某人Nobody dares to play trick on him. 没人敢和他耍滑头。 regard as 把看作是 He regards you as his close friend. 他把你看作他的亲密朋友。 It so happened that 碰巧 It so happened that nobody was in the house on fire. 碰巧着火时屋里没人。exchange for 用调换 Please exchange dollars for RMB. 清用

3、人民币调换美元。at the end of 在的结尾 It happened at the end of the 1990. 这事发生在1990年年底。roar with laughter 大笑；狂笑；哄堂大笑 I keeproar with laughterafter hear, positive such as say, the happiness have no place not at. 我听到后哄堂大笑,确定如说,幸福无处不在。 replacewith 用替换 Replace A with B. 用B代替A。 as usual 同往常一样 As usual, there werent

4、 many people at the meeting. 像往常一样，来开会的人不多。 on top of 在的顶上 There is a vane on top of the building. 在大楼的顶端有一只风信旗。In the end终于If you persevere with work, youll succeedin the end.你如果把工作坚持下去,最终会取得成功的。More Reading be good for 对有好处 Smoking is not good for your healthy. 吸烟对身体有害。 immune system 免疫系统A weakene

5、d immune system is the only reason you get sick. 免疫功能低下是你生病的唯一原因。 be equivalent to 等同于；相当于There is no exactly equivalent French tense to the present perfect tense in English. 里没有和中的完全对应的。 cheer up 让高兴起来Your mum said that you looked very sad and she let me to cheer you up.你妈妈说你看起来很悲伤,她叫我让你高兴起来。语法知识用作

6、同位语的名词性从句名词性从句就是在句子中充当名词作用的句子，通常由that引导。同位语从句通常跟在名词The impression that Mr. Potts regarded his colleagues as inferiors made him unpopular.波茨先生总是认为他的同事们低他一等，这使得他不太受欢迎。You cannot deny truth that laughter is good for you. 你无法否认笑对你有好处这个事实。在学习同位语从句时，需要明确一下几点：1. 大部分同位语从句都是有that引导。虽然that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，且没有实际含

7、义，但不能省略。后面常接that引起的同位语从句的名词有:announcement belief chance conclusion decision fact feeling hope idea information knowledge news opinion possibility probability problem promise report rumour thought truth warning wishWe have never given up the hope that we will succeed. 我们从来都没有放弃过成功的希望。On hearing the n

8、ews that he has won the first prize in the national English contest, all his friends congratulated him. 一听到她在全国英语竞赛中得了一等奖的消息，他所有的朋友都祝贺他。The announcement that all flights have been cancelled because of snowstorm greatly distressed the passengers. 由于暴风雪，所有的航班都被取消的消息让乘客很沮丧。He ignored the doctors advice

9、 that he should stay in bed. 他不把医生要他卧床休息的忠告当回事。They had to face the fact that the nearest gas station is 100 kilomerters away.他们不得不面对最近的加油站在100公里至外地事实。注意：在名词recommendation, suggestion, proposal, demand, order, requirement, desire, command 等名词后要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分应为“should+动词原形”（should可省略）。The people expr

10、essed their desire that the war (should) come to an end.人们表达了希望战争马上结束的愿望。 The teacher conveyed the students recommendation that George (should) he appointed monitor. 老师传达了学生们的推荐意见，选乔治为班长。The order came that we (should) evacuate at once. 命令传来，要我们立即撤退。Anyone who applies for the position must meet the

11、requirement that he or she (should) have a good command of English. 任何申请这一职位的人都必须符合精通英语这一要求。2. 在名词question, idea, doubt, problem等后的同位语从句需用疑问词作连词，如：what, who, when, where, wherever等。需注意的是：同位语从句不可用if引导。除了宾语从句或条件状语从句可用if引导外，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句都不可用if引导。 whether it is true. 我不知道这是否是真的。 what had happened to h

12、im. 我不知道他发生了什么。I have no idea when the meeting will begin. 我不知道会议什么时候开始。 where we should go. 我不知道我们应该去哪里。 who he is. 我不知道他是谁。 how he made it. 我不知道他是如何办成的。The question whether he should tell her the truth troubled him.是否应该告诉他真相这个问题一直困扰着他。The question who should host the meeting has not yet been decid

13、ed.到底谁应该主持这个会议还没定下来。The problem where we should set up our camps is solved. 我们在哪里扎营的问题已经解决了。3. 注意区分同位语从句和定语从句。 同位语从句的连词that在句子中不充当任何成分，没有具体意义，而定语从句中的关系代词that 除连接主句与从句外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语。试比较以下一组句子：The suggestion that was offered to us is great. 提供给我们的建议棒极了。（定语从句，其中that是定语从句的关系代词）Who offered us the suggest

14、ion that we (should) stay up to watch the sunrise?是谁建议我们熬夜看日出的呢？（同位语从句，其中that是同位语从句的连接词） 引导同位语从句的wh- 疑问词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的关系副词则没有疑问意义。此外，when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when 和where 引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they should meet together.他们提出在哪里集会的问题.(同位语从句）This is the place where

15、several car accidents happened. 这是一个发生了多起交通事故的地方。(定语从句)语法专项练习题用适当的连接词填空：1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped _nature will never be

16、destroyed.5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off?7. Word came _I was wanted at the office.8.Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9.The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. Its generally

17、considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.单项选择1It was true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3.-What are you anxious about? - _A. How can we succe

18、ed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4.The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever

19、C. Anyone D. The person6.I really dont know _I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. which D. that8.-What do you think of China? -_different life is today from _

20、it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that9.Give this to _you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that11.The fact _ she works har

21、d is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which12. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which13. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. hat B. what C. which D. why14. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. w

22、hy D. when15. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it16. I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./17. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which18. The thought _ he mi

23、ght fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that19. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what20. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which21. He often

24、asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. when22. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though23. News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing Universit

25、y. A. which B. what C. that D. where24. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where25. A warm thought suddenly struck me _ I might buy a tie for my fathers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which26. Do you have any idea_ is actually

26、going on outside the classroom?A. that B. what C. as D. which27. Along with the letter was her promise _ she was free she would visit me this weekend.A. that B. if C. what if D. that if28. There remains a doubt among the public _ the vaccine is safe enough for children. A. whether B. that C. what D.

27、 how29. The mother was filled with anxiety _ her daughter might be disabled by the accident.A. whether B. that C. what D. which 30. Standing in the hall, Patty had an uneasy feeling _ somebody was watching her. A. why B. whether C. that D. which31. The doctor tried to remove the mans fear_ his wife

28、might die during the operation. A. when B. that C. whether D. whatReading部分 课文翻译恶作剧我们可以吧笑话定义为令人伐晓得话语，而把恶作剧定义为令人发笑的举止。恶作剧是一种施加在某个毫无戒心的受害者身上，使之显得愚蠢或尴尬的玩笑。在理查德波士顿写的恶作剧一书中，作者讲述了在报社工作的波茨先生所经历的一场恶作剧。波茨先生总是认为他的同事们低人一等，这使他不受同事欢迎。因此， 他的同事们决定跟他开个玩笑，让他更谦虚些。巧的是波茨先生上班时总戴同一顶帽子。帽子是很难看的绿色。每天早上准时十点钟到办公室后，他总是把帽子挂在门旁的

29、衣帽架上，然后径直走到办公桌旁。到了下午了离开离开办公室的时候，他就颠倒一下这个过程，即从衣帽架上取下帽子，戴到头上，说声“下午好”，然后便径直回家。 一天，趁波茨先生不在办公室的时候，同事们仔细地检查了他的帽子，然后他们到附近的衣架商店买了一顶一模一样的帽子，只是大了很多。等他们回到办公室的时候，波茨先生还没有回来，于是他们用这顶新帽子换下了旧帽子。那天下午下班时，波茨先生起身准备离开。但是，当他把帽子戴到头上时，帽子掉下来遮住了他的眼睛。他离开办公室后，每个人都笑得前仰后翻。第二天，令大家惊奇的是，波茨先生的帽子戴得很合适。同事们感到不解，所以，当波茨先生外出时，大家又仔细地检查了他的帽子

30、。他们发现波茨先生沿着帽子的内圈塞了几层报纸，这样帽子的直径就减小了。第二天，他们决定把藏在壁橱里的波茨先生的旧帽子拿出来，他们用同样的方法把帽子变小，并用这顶就帽子换掉了新帽子。下班时，波茨先生跟往常一样站起身来准备离开。这一次，帽子卡在他的头顶上下不去。他离开办公室后，大家又是哄堂大笑。波茨先生的同事们每天调换帽子。结果是他戴一天大帽子，戴一天小帽子。最后，波茨先生相信自己是生了病，所以头的大小才会每天变化，于是就跑去看医生。“瞎胡闹，”医生说，“哪有这种病。”More Reading 部分 课文翻译每天一个微笑，再也不用吃药你听说过“笑声是最好的药”这个谚语吗？每个人都知道笑是开心的事，

31、笑能使你感觉良好。现在，医生和研究人员也在告诉我们，笑对健康有利，甚至可以预防心脏病之类的疾病。笑有助于减轻压力、降低血压和脉率。它可以增强免疫系统，其止痛作用可以媲美止痛药。实际上，开怀大笑对我们的健康好处真的很大，每天大笑一百次就相当于在划船器上运动十分钟。笑对我们的头脑也有益处。感到压力大的时候，人们会观看滑稽电影，愤怒、悲伤和恐惧的感觉就会在笑声中烟消云散。所以，医院越来越多地使用大小疗法。越来越多的医院鼓励病人多笑。这些医院开始在病房的电视上播放喜剧。在医生的建议下医院还会请小丑来给病人带来笑声。幽默基金会，一个在澳大利亚的慈善组织，就是安排小丑病房之行的组织之一。这个组织成立于19

32、97年，他们操作者小丑医生项目。这个项目利用小丑医生让那些生病的或者刚做过外科手术的儿童减少痛苦。小丑医生们用笑话、杂技表演、歌曲和气球使孩子们高兴起来。没人能否定笑对我们是有益的。本市的医院也开始了我们之自己的小丑医生计划，我们需要你的帮助。任何一个有幽默感，又愿意帮助他人的人都可以报名。如果你愿意参加，请联系公共卫生局了解更多信息。记住每天一个微笑，再也不用吃药。课后练习题I。 Grammar and vocabulary1. _ Goodbye said, the boy hurried out of home ignoring his mothers order. A. As B. W

33、ith C. For D. By2. Word came _ the newly-released film has won the best film at the Cannes Film Festival. A. it B. what C. that D. which3. Card and Brad _ each other for a long time before they _ married. A. know; get B. has known; get C. had know; got D. knew; had got4. He wore something that was n

34、ot often seen on campus_. A. what is a leather jacket B. which is a leather jacket C. a leather jacket D. the leather jacket5. He realized that because of not reading the instruction carefully enough he _ mistakes. A. has made B. had made C. made D. was making6. It was the fifth time that they _ my

35、requirement.A. ignored B. has ignored C. were ignoring D. had ignored7. He congratulated himself that in a few days he _ the sunshine of California instead of shivering here in Siberia. A. would be enjoying B. would enjoy C. will enjoy D. would have enjoyed8. She was delighted with her new skirt bec

36、ause she _ one for a long time. A. wanted B. was wanting C. had been wanted D. had been wanting9. I meant _ the money this morning, but I couldnt find you. A. to pay back B. to be paid back C. paying back D. to have paid back10.He and I _ always when differed in views when we were at college. A. / B

37、. had C. have D. have been11.Is your mother still a teacher? No, it _ already 3 years since she _ a teacher. A. has been; is B. had been; was C. was; has been D. is; was12.Dont beat around the bush on this problem! Give me a _ answer. A. sure B. right C. quick D. definite13.On hearing his silly prop

38、osal, everyone at the meeting _ into laughter A. burst B. came C. fell D. exploded 14. Dont go too far away. Just _ around and wait for me. A. show B. move C. strike D. stick15. Its so considerate of you to have avoided making me feel _.A. uncomfortable B. ashamed C. content D. embarrassed16.Hes a _

39、 stick because he is laughed at for making foolish mistakes all the time. A. laughable B. laughing C. laughter D. laugh17.Im playing to _ the computer which is out of date with a new modern one with better performance. A. exchange B. take the place C. substitute D. replace18. Not everyone can afford

40、 a race car because its _ too expensive. A. rather B. quite C. fairly D. very19.Dont _ to the edge of the cliff. Its dangerous. A. climb B. make away C. proceed D. march20.We dont have much to say to each other as _ , for we just dont have anything in common.A. usual B. usually C. often D. occasiona

41、l II. Translation1. 英语中有些单词很难定义，因为它们的用法太多了。(define)_2. 尊重一个人就意味着你将他视作与你平等的人。（regardas）_ 3. 数码相机因为方便好用而受到用户的欢迎。(be popular with)_ 4. 他站了起来，走到窗边欣赏风景。(proceed to)_5. 不要用健康交换金钱，那样是不明智的。(exchangefor)_III. Cloze.Once I saw an accident happening on a bus. A young man in smart trousers, which were dirtied b

42、y a womans fish, met with such _1_, It doesnt matter. Give it a wash and it _2_ . _3_ these words, the young man replied, Well, you have said what should have been my words. It seems that I would have to _4_ you for it.Laughter burst out from all around them. Surely his good temper is praise worthy;

43、 his humor, however, is even more admirable. Humor has a great deal of appeal because of its _5_ hand in a soft glove, a clear firm idea passed over in a gentle way. The young man had _6_ reason to feel angry when his clean trousers were made dirty, all the more so as the wrong doer, lacking in _7_,

44、 did not say a word of apology. instead of bursting _8_ anger, which was quite _9_ in such a situation, the young man used humor so that the woman was laughed at in a good-natured way,. That is indeed _10_ noble and hard to come by. 1. A. looks B. remarks C. apologies D. actions 2. A. goes B. run C.

45、 will be disappeared D. cleans 3. A. With B. Seeing C. At D. Saying 4. A. envy B. punish C. blame D. thank. 5. A. soft B. working C. iron D. clean 6. A. no B. a little C. some D. every 7. A. money B. fish C. words D. manners 8. A. up B. out C. / D. into 9. A. bad B. wrong C. right D. understandable

46、10.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing IV. Reading.Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends on large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful（有压力的） conditions. Social support makes up the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong social ties. Those of us with str