情态动词用法

1、Grammar: 情态动词有一定的意义情态动词有一定的意义无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化通常不带通常不带to to 表示说话人的语气或情绪表示说话人的语气或情绪1.Ability (能力能力):Liu Xiang can run the 110m hurdle race within 13 seconds.can/could:1. can 一般表示与生俱来的能力或一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请还可以表示请求和允许求和允许 。Learning English _ be difficult.canMan can not live without air.

2、_ I use your bike?Cancan/could:2.在疑问句中，用在疑问句中，用could可表示请可表示请求，语气较委婉。求，语气较委婉。 _I have the television on? Yes, you _. / No, you _CouldHe asks if he _ smoke here.couldcan/maycant/Im afraid notcan/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） Hes such a nice person that he _

3、 commit the crime. cant你怎么会如此地粗心！你怎么会如此地粗心！ How can you be so careless! Can this be true? can/could:4. can never/canttoo表示表示“无论怎样无论怎样也不过分也不过分”，“越越越越好好” 。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。 You cant be too careful while crossing the road. can/be able to区别区别:Edison always wondered why hens could hatch (孵孵)

4、 chickens while he was not able to.Question: Are the two modal verbs interchangeable (互换互换) ? If not, why?can表示表示或或，而，而be able to更加强调更加强调或者或者，能做到的事情。能做到的事情。Sum up1. can 和和 be able to1) can (could) 表示能力、可能表示能力、可能, 只用于只用于现在时和过去时。现在时和过去时。2) be able to可以用于各种时态。可以用于各种时态。只用只用be able to的情况：的情况： a. a. 位于助动词

5、后。位于助动词后。b. b. 情态动词后。情态动词后。c. c. 表示过去成功地做了某事时表示过去成功地做了某事时, ,只能用只能用 was/ were able to, ,不能用不能用could。can/be able to区别区别: A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2. She _ speak both English and French.can1. They will _ run this machine on thei

6、r own in three months. A. can B. could C. may D. be able to2. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able toD A 3.(2007福建福建)My MP4 player isnt in my bag.Where _I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. wouldA4. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _be left fo

7、r a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. willB5. How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. mayA6. Mike _ be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D.

8、 mayB7. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt beCIm so tired! I have to do the training for at least 10 hours a day! 2.Obligation (义务义务):yet he must work hard to win the gold medal.Althou

9、gh Liu Xiang is so gifted in hurdle raceadvisabilitynecessityought to/shouldhave tomustYour mother brings you up and takes good care of you, so when she is old, you _ look after her in return. A. can B. may C. have to D. must Shi Dongpeng might win a medal at the Olympic Games.Although the chance of

10、 winning a medal is small, Ill try my best! 3.Certainty (可能性可能性) :very uncertainalmost certainmightshouldmustmaycouldought towill1.He _ be at home.2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.A.may B.might C.must A.may B.might C.must (can)must 表示肯定的猜测，译为表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定一定”，不能用于

11、否定句或疑问句。不能用于否定句或疑问句。This must be your pen.He must be doing his homework now.He must have arrived already.must2. 表示表示“坚持坚持”（常用于固定句型：（常用于固定句型：if you must do sth. 如果你非得要做某事）如果你非得要做某事）如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。If you must leave, do it quietly.4.Permission (允许允许):May I eat KFC if I win the gold medal

12、?may/might:1. 表示许可。表示请求、允许时，表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比比may的语气更委婉一些。的语气更委婉一些。 Might/May I use your computer? Yes, you can./No, you cant/mustnt. may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用疑问句则要用can或或could）。）。 祝你成功！祝你成功！ May you succeed. He may be very busy now. May you be happy

13、all your life. 2) 成语成语:may/might as well,后面接后面接不带不带to 的不定式，意为的不定式，意为不妨不妨。e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try.5.Making requests (提出要求提出要求):Can you help me with my training?I dont know how to use this equipment! will can could wouldinformalformal6.Making suggestions (提出建议提出建议):Shall we do the

14、 training in the morning?Its too hot to take exercise in the afternoon. shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助见、向对方请示或提供帮助 。1.Shall we begin our lesson? 2.When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 3.Shall I carry this bag for you?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示用于第二、第

15、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。或威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished according to the rule. 等我读完这本书，就会给他的。等我读完这本书，就会给他的。 He shall have the book when I finish it.警告警告威胁威胁允诺允诺7.Making offers (提供帮助提供帮助):Dont worry, dear, I will wash them right away.Mom, my dirty cloth

16、es have been piled up! I dont have timewill/would:1. 表示请求、建议等，表示请求、建议等，would比比will委婉客气。委婉客气。sentence pattern Would you pleaseWould you mindWould ratherWould you likewill/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. 3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、经常、惯于、总是总是”。1).The old man

17、 _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work. would2).门就是打不开门就是打不开 ! The door wont open. will/would:I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch. Question: Is this sentence correct? Why?情态动词情态动词表示表示 “意愿意愿”8.Giving advice (提出意见提出意见):You should

18、not/ought not to eat so much before running.How delicious!should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，；在疑问句中，通常用通常用should代替代替oughtto。Should I open the window? 我们应当要相互学习。我们应当要相互学习。 We should learn from each other. ought to have done sth.should have done sth.本应该做某事本应该做某事, ,而事实上并没有做而事

19、实上并没有做; ; 否定否定句表示句表示“不该做某事而做了不该做某事而做了”。You ought to (should) have beenmore careful in this experiment. He ought not to have thrown the oldclothes away.(事实上已扔了。事实上已扔了。)注注: ought to 在语气上比在语气上比should 要强。要强。should:2.情态动词情态动词should用于第一人称时用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。气、委婉的语气。 RoseSure. By th

20、e way, who is your idol?JackLiu Xiang, I should say.I should advise you not to do that again. 3. should表示意外或惊讶表示意外或惊讶 常译为常译为 “居然，竟然居然，竟然”。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。如此无礼。should:4. should 表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成辑判断，翻

21、译成“照说应该，估计，想照说应该，估计，想必必” should: -When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They _be ready by 12 : 00 . A. can B. should C. might D. need3. have to和和must1) 1) 两词都是两词都是“必须必须”的意思的意思, , have to 表表示客观的需要示客观的需要, , must 表示说话人主观上表示说话人主观上的看法的看法, , 即主观上的必要。即主观上的必要。2)2)have to有人称、数、时态的

22、变化有人称、数、时态的变化, ,而而must 只有一种形式。但只有一种形式。但must 可用可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。3) 3) 在否定结构中：在否定结构中：dont have to 表示表示“不必不必”; ;mustnt 表示表示”禁禁止止”。 You dont have to tell him about it. You mustnt tell him about it.neednt 没必要没必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能may not 可能不可能不shouldnt 不应该不应该 ( = ought

23、 not to )8. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not9. Johnny, you _play with the knife, you _hurt yourself. A. wont ; cant B. mustnt ; may C. shouldnt ; must D. cant ; shouldntC B 10.（NMET 2006 浙江浙江 19）- Could I have a word with y

24、ou, mum?- Oh dear, if you _. A. can B. must C. may D. shouldB used to / would used to表达存在于过去但现在不再存在的一种习惯或情况。Jack used to live in Chicago.Used to表达表达过去存在过去存在的某的某种情况时，种情况时，would不能替不能替代它。代它。I used to live in California.They used to have a Ford. would可以用于表达可以用于表达过去定期过去定期重复重复的一个动作。的一个动作。 表达这个概念时，表达这个概念时，

25、would 和和 used to 相同。相同。When I was a child, my father would / used to read me a story at night before bed.9. need和和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用这两词既可做实义动词用, ,又可做又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词情态动词用。作为情态动词, ,两者都只两者都只能用于疑问句能用于疑问句, ,否定句和条件句。否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带必须带to, ,而而dare作实义动词用时作实义动词用时, , 后面的后面的to时常可以被省略。时常可

26、以被省略。1) 实义动词实义动词: need+ n. / to do sth.2) 情态动词情态动词: need,只用原形只用原形need后加后加do,否定形式为否定形式为need not.e.g. - Need you go yet? - Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need, want, require, worth(形容词形容词)后面接后面接doing也可以表示被动。也可以表示被动。 need doing = need to be done四四. 可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词

27、needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或与或与hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody连用连用; ; 3.3.常以常以neednneednt t 和和darendarent t 的形式出现的形式出现; ;4.dare4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do

28、(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing 1.fever2.stomach3.cough and sore throat4.toothache5.cut myselfa.lie down and restb.drink some hot tea with honeyc.see a dentist and get an X-rayd.take your temperaturee.put some medicine on it lie v.平躺平躺 （lay,lain, lying ）lie downHe is lying on the road.lie v

29、i 撒谎；说谎（撒谎；说谎（lied，lying） n. 谎言；假话谎言；假话lay v.产卵；下蛋（产卵；下蛋（laid，laid）X-ray n. X光光He hurt his leg just now, let him get a X-ray.ache 、sore和和hurt 的区别：的区别： 1. ache 是一个名词后缀，是一个名词后缀，如：如： toothache , headache ； 2 . sore形容词，修饰名词，指的是形容词，修饰名词，指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。如：身体某一部位的酸痛。如：sore back, sore throat 3. hurt动词，指动词，指“刺痛

30、，使受伤刺痛，使受伤痛痛”。如：。如：He hurts his leg.他伤了腿。他伤了腿。还可以说还可以说“His leg hurts.”他腿疼。他腿疼。have a bad coldhave a high fever严重的感冒严重的感冒发高烧发高烧be in a fever在发烧在发烧一般情况下用havean. 表示患了某种疾病。matter cn.matter cn.毛病；麻烦事毛病；麻烦事 Whats the matter Whats the matter （with sb.with sb.）? ?用于询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了某种麻烦。用于询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了某种麻烦。=W

31、hats wrong with you?=Whats wrong with you? =What s your trouble?=What s your trouble?matter vi. 要紧；有关系 主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。eg: It doesnt matter.no matter 与who,what, where等连用，相当于whoever，whatever，wherever等，可引导让步状语从句。eg：Dont speak loudly,no matter where you are.1.too much相当于一个副词，修饰动词，放在后面作状语，意为“太多”。eg：Eat

32、ing too much is bad for your health.2.enough adj. 足够的；充足的。修饰名词时，常放在前，有时也放在名词后。eg：I have enough money. adv. 足够地；充足地，修饰adj./adv.或v.， 位置后置eg:It is good enough for me.be+adj.+enough+to do不能足够。，不能做某事 I wonder if Jay will come to our school this weekend. -If he _,we will be very excited. if 是否，引导宾语从句 if 如果，引导条件状语从句 主