(完整)高中英语介词讲义

1、高中英语语法介词.常见高频介词的用法： 1.against(1.)表示方位： “逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击”Birds fly slowlythe wind.Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.He often standsthe fence and talks endlessly with my father about gardening.The girl was leaning the wall with her arms folded.(2.)表示态度： “反对；对着；违背”They got marriedher pa

2、rents wishes.Scientists are racingtime in order to find a cure for cancer as soon as possible.The invention of artifical hearts marked a turning point in the battleheart disease.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are it.(3.)表示对比： “以 为背景；衬托，相应”：The skier

3、 s red clothes stood out clearly the snow.Before selecting the curtain for your newly- decorated house, it ms ore important to know what colors lookgreatthe wall paper.Flowers look bettergreen leaves.(4.)“防备；对抗”：We will be competing the best companies in Europe.Some animals store foodthe winter.They

4、 don t believe its goal is to defendpossible missile attacks from rogue countries.2.as(1.)“作为；当作”I feel that one of my dutiesa teacher is to help the students to become better learners.New York City, also knownBig Apple, becomes one of the world s great business and cultural centeran eight-year-old

5、boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine. (2.)习惯用语：as for; as to 至于；关于for me, I don t mind going there by train.for the selection of business media, would you like to share some thoughts with us?3.at(1.)表示“处于.状态”Europe waspeace for the first time in

6、 ten years after the wars. After a rather hard time, people couldliveat last.(注意：in peace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully; at peace 处于和平状态)The two countries are war.(2.)表示“在 .时刻、钟点、岁”Children begin schoolingthe age of five.The two brothers decided to leave midnight, for they had many miles to cover.The advertis

7、ement said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for salea reasonable price(3.)表示速度、价格、比率:“以.”The population of the world is growinga surprising rate.Gary must have driventhe speed of 80 miles an hour just now, for which he was given a ticket by a policeman.(4.)表示目标、方向:“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：laugh, co

8、me, aim, pointHe aimedthe target.I stared everything as if I were looking for the first time.My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows the bird.(5.)表示“应.请求、号召、邀请”We came toBeijingtheinvitation of my goodfriend who has been woeking here for three years.(6.)习惯用语：“at+名词短语”：表示“一.就 .”at the s

9、ight of. 一看见.就 .at the sound of.一听到 .就 .at the thought/ ideaof. 一想起 .就 .at the news of . 一得到 .的消息 ,就 .The girl cried the sight of her mother.The terrible king s wish was that all the people would shake in fearthe so huinsdoordf er.People in love with each other may feel empty and sickthe thought of

10、not being together.4.beyond(1.)表示程度:“超出，非 所能及”To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor isexpression in words for me.You really need to pay a visit to Shanghai since you haven bte en there for years, and you will find changes there areimagination.We must read not only between the lines,

11、but sometimesthe lines so that we can fully understand the writer.(2.)表示时间:“过了，比.晚，迟于”He delayed the matter the fixed time.He came homethe usual time.(3.)表示位置：“在 另一边，在 更远处”The woods go for about two miles the river. 这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。The small villiage is 20 milesthe town.那个小村庄在离城20 英里以外的地方。5.by(1.)表示

12、方法、手段：“靠、用、通过”You can reserve tickets phone.你可以通过电话订票。He makes a livingselling newspapers.This kind of work is donehand/machine.这种工作是手工/机器做的。 What do you mean saying “ the boy is overgrowing? ” I mean that he is tallhis age.(2.) 表 示 标 准 、 度 量 、 数 量 : 根 据 , 按 照 , 以 计 算 , 常 用 结 构 “ by the 计 量 名 词 或 by

13、 un.(weight/length/width/depth/volume) ” Parcel post is charged weight and mileage, without reference to contents. 包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。Meat is soldthe pound. They are paidthe hour.(3.)“经过、经由”If you really have to leave during the meeting, you d better leavethe back door.He walked right me without ev

14、en saying hello. 他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。(4.)表示时间：“在.之前，不迟于”It will be darkthe time I get there.The documents need to be readynext Friday.Workers will have finished the construction of the main teaching buildingsthe end of this month.(5.)表示方位:“在 .旁边，靠近”(同beside)He s wandreing, standingthe window as if so

15、mething urgent occurred.The little girl is so timid that she always sither mother wherever they go.6.for (1.)表示目的、对象、感情、能力：“为了、替、给、对、对于” I just know there are some new films for children these days. Why don t you telephone the cinemamore details?Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden?

16、They areeveryone s enjoyment.You d better leave a noteyour parents.Here is a letteryou.She has an earmusic.(2.)表示原因：“因为、由于”He was prraisedhis good deeds.China is famousthe Great Wall and alsoone of the largest countries with the largest population in the world.(3.)表示方向、倾向、能力：We went outlunch.The tra

17、in is headingBeijing.The young manager hungeredknowledge of management.(4.)表示买卖、交换：“以.的代价，以.的价钱”He agreed to give her 300 dollarsthe picture.I bought a dictionary5 dollars.He thought the jar made of earth of little value and let me have itonly one dollar.(5.)表示用途：“适于，适合于”I believe through my previou

18、s job experience, I can be competentthis job.One of the requirements of living abroad is that climatic conditions should be suitablehabitation throughout theyear.Everyone should keep it in mind that there is only one earth, if we go on treating her like this, it won human to live in any longer.7.on(

19、1.)“从事.中，处于什么情况”He saw a soldierwatch at the door.Tired, his young brother fell asleep, leaving him in the toilet for two hours till the teacherduty discovered them.There were daily strikes and demonstrations, and buildings werefire.(2.)表示关系： “关于、涉及”He will give a talkthe economic situation.The conf

20、erence has been held to discuss the effects of tourismthe wildlife in the area.He declined to reveal any informationthe presidential election.(3.)表示方式： “以.方式、通过”I often have conversations with Johnthe phone, while keep in touch with Tomletter.Nowadays, it s more convenient to know what s going on in

21、 the worldthe Internet.(4.)“是 .的成员、在.供职”He and my brother aretheir school basketball team and they both play well.He sthe People s Daily.(5.)表示时间，后街动名词： “一.就”arriving the factory, he went to see the manager.my finishing typing the letter, you will have it delivered.8.with(1.)with 复合结构：with+ 名词或代词+宾补

22、(介短/副短/形短/to do/done/doing)his colleagues to help him, it s likely that the tough mission will be handled ahead of schedule.With exports(play) a big role in its economic growth, this country has been affected by the current financial storm.The company has had another excellent yearproduction up by 6

23、0%.only twenty minutes to go before the train left, I felt uneasy in the taxi to the railway station.(2.)表示时间：“随着、与.同时”the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.The risk of developing heart disease increasesthe number of cigarettes smoked. the rapid growth o

24、f short messages sent by mobile phoes, the increasing number of criminal cases appeared through short messages.(3.)表示从属关系：“具有、带有、在 .身边” What made John wildjoy? Being admitted to his dream university.a sigh, she leandt back and closed her eyes.He was in his early forties, tall and blond bright blue e

25、yes.(4.)表示工具、手段：“用、用 .工具”She said she wouldn t believe such a kind of strange bird unless she saw ither own eyes.Remove the meata fork and divide it into four plates.常考易混介词辨析：1.表示时间点的at, in 和 on:介词用法特例at表示在某个时间点、时刻at breakfast/lunch/dinner; at dawn/sunrise/noon/dusk/sunset/night/midnight;in表示在某个较长的时

26、间内， 如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚in the morning/afternoon/evening; in a (short)while, in no time, in time, in the day, in the nighton表示在具体某一天或具 体某一天的上午、下午、 晚上、前夕on Christmas Eve, on Children s Day, early on the morning of Oct. 1stWhen did he come here?He came here the morning of Monday, and went back theaft

27、ernoon.Li Ming s father bought him a nice bikehis fourteenth birthday.2.表示时间点的in, during, after介词用法in表示一段时间： “在 .之内” ，可与during 互用； “在.之后”，用于一般将来时；in the last/past+ 时间段，用于现在完成时during表示一段时间： “在.之内”,与in 区别：during+表活动的抽象名词，in+表活动的动名词短语during the discussion, in discussing the problemafter表示一段时间： “在.之后”，用

28、于一般过去时He promised to buy me a new dresshis staying in Paris.Please take care of youeself, and I willcome to see you againa few days.He left home and went to the fronttwo days.He has made rapid progressthe past three months.3.表示”方式、方法、手段”的介词：in, on, by, with, through介词用法典例byby+交通/运输/通讯单数名词by land 由陆路

29、by sea由海路by water 由水路by air 空运by post 邮递by letter 通过信件by telephone 通过电话by car /bus/traininin+语言/材料/语调/心情in+限定词（冠词/物主代词）+交通in English 用英语in blue ink 用蓝墨水in a high/low voice 大声/低声in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好in a friendly tone 用友好的语气in the car /bus/train,in an early bus,in this planeonon+the+通讯工具on+限定词（冠词

30、/物主代词）+交通on the telephone/radio/computer/Internet,on TVon the car /bus/train,on an early bus, on this plane, on footwithwith+ 限定词（冠词/物主代词）+具体有形工具/器官with one s eyes/ears/legs/handswith a knife/fork注意： way, manner, means, method 与介词的搭配：in this/that/the same. way/mannerby this/that. means 或 by means of

31、.with this/that. methodThe bycicle,which she goes to school every day, is made in Shanghai.I made the coatmy own hands. It was madehand, not a machine.The form is very important. Please fill in the formink nota pencil.4.表示“除外”的介词：介词用法besides表示“除.之外（包含宾语）”；可作副词“而且，并且”except表示“除.之外（不包含宾语）”except forex

32、cept for+ 名词短语“要不是.”except thatexcept that+ that 从句“要不是 .”apart from表示“除了 .之外还有” “除了 .之外别无”in addition to表示“除.之外还有”，相当于besidesbut作介词，其用法同except,常与no-否定词连用There will be five of us for dinnerJohn. So remember to book a table for six.I found the island a wonderful place for our experimentsthe hot weath

33、er.He usually goes to work on timeon rainy days.The road was almost emptya few cars and bikes.He is a good studenthe sometimes late for school.He has not changedhe is wearing dark glasses.Nobody John was able to answer such a question finally. How did she lose so much weight as expected? eating less

34、, she jogged for several miles every day.注意：介词but 特殊用法：(1.)接带to 的不定式：(无 do 加 to)We ve missed the last bus. I m afraid we have no choice but(take) a taxi.The little naught boy has no choice but(lie) down and sleep.(2.)接不带 to 的不定式：(有 do 无 to)do nothing but/ have nothing to do but/can t help b原“只好，不得不”

35、 ut/can t but+v.They did nothing but(complain)I cannot but(admire) the grandeeur of the Great Hall of the People.She couldn t help but(confess) she was wrong.(3.接动名词：He suggested nothing but(lie) down and sleeping.The old man enjoyed nothing but(watch) TV .常用介词短语：201.介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at n.:表示状态:at a los

36、s 不知所措at length 详细地 ,长时间地at table 在吃饭at peace 处于和平中at will 任意地at school 上学at war 在战争中at lunch 在吃午饭at church 做礼拜at work 在工作at rest 在休息at the risk of 冒 的危险at the beginning of 在 的开始at the cost of 以 的代价 at the mercy of 在 支配下 ;任由 摆布(2)on n.:表示状态on exhibition/show 在展出on duty 在值班on loan 借贷on the way 在途中on

37、fire 着火on sale 出售;打折on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation 在度假on strike 罢工on the move 在移动，搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the air 正在广播on account of 因为on behalf of 代表on no account/condition 决不(3)by n.:表示方式by accident 偶然by mistake 错误地(4)in n.:表示方式in cash 用现金付款in size 在大小上i

38、n case如果,万一in order 有序in vain 徒劳,白费力气的in need of 需要in no time 立刻in place of 代替in addition to 另外in response to 作为回应in celebration of 为庆祝 in support of 为支持 in terms of 在 方面by chance 偶然by nature 天生地in width 在宽度上in height 在高度上in common 共有,共同in progress 进行中by coincidence 碰巧in depth 在深度上in length 在长度上in d

39、emand 有需要的in return 作为回报in no case 决不in no way 决不in possession of 拥有 ,占有in charge of 掌管in spite of 尽管in honour of 为向 表示敬意in the direction of 在 方向in search of 寻找by hand 用手工in detail 详细地in advance 提前,事先,预先in fact 事实上in turn 依次,替换地,相应地in charge of 掌管 ,看管,负责in exchange for 作为交换in control of 管理 ;控制;操纵in

40、case of 万一 ;如果；假如in favour of 同意,赞成in memory of 为了纪念in the face of 面对 in view of 由于;鉴于(5)of n.:表示特征(等于相应的形容词of benefit 有益处的of significance 有意义的(6)out of n.:表示状态out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过期out of shape 走样,不成形out of the question 不可能 out of business 破产(7)under n.:表示被动under attack 遭到袭击under treatme

41、nt 在治疗中)of help 有帮助的of use 有用的out of breath 上气不接下气out of debt 不欠债out of sight 看不到out of question 毫无疑问out of patience 不耐烦under discussion 在讨论中 under control 处于控制之中of importance 重要的of value 有价值的out of control 失去控制out of order 出故障out of work 失业out of breath 上气不接下气地out of touch 失去联系under pressure 在压力下un

42、der construction 在建造中(8)with n.:表示方式with delight/joy 高兴地with fear 害怕地with difficulty 困难地with pleasure 乐意地with ease 轻而易举地(9)beyond n.:表示“超出 , 难以 ”beyond compare 无与伦比beyond description 难以描述beyond reach 够不到beyond doubt 不用怀疑,确实地beyond one s understand无法理解ingbeyond expression/words 难以表达2介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)be

43、adj. aboutbe anxious about 忧虑 be worried/concerned about 对 担心(2)be adj. atbe angry at因 生气be present at出席(3)be adj. inbe absorbed in 专注于 be engaged in 忙于 be interested in 对 感兴趣be curious about 对 好奇be good at 擅长be disappointed at 对 失望be active in 积极于 be rich in 富含 be involved in 包括在 中 ,被卷入be particula

44、r about 对 讲究 /挑剔be astonished/urprised/shocked at对 吃惊be dressed in 穿着be occupied in 忙于 (4)be adj. forbe eager for 渴望 be hungry/eager/anxious for 渴望 be thankful for 因 而感激(5)be adj. frombe absent from 缺席be free from 不受 影响(6)be adj. tobe close to 接近 be equal to 等于 ;胜任be good to 对 有好处be kind to 对 友好be/g

45、et used to (变得)习惯于 (7)be adj. ofbe aware of 意识到 be famous for 以 著名 be ready for 准备好 be competent for 胜任be different from 不同于be contrary to 与 相反 be familiar to 对 来说熟悉 be grateful to 对 心存感激 be opposed to 反对 be fond of 喜欢 be fit for 适合，胜任be sorry for 对 感到抱歉be prepared for 为 做好准备be far from 远离be devoted

46、 to 致力于 be friendly to 对 友好 be harmful to 对 有危害be similar to 与 相似be full of 充满 be short of 缺乏 be capable of 胜任be filled with 充满be covered with 被 覆盖 be popular with 受 的欢迎be proud of 因 而自豪be ashamed of为 感到羞耻（8）be adj. withbe busy with 忙于 be content/satisfied/pleased with 对be patient with 对 有耐心be tired

47、 of 厌烦 be combined with 与 结合be familiar with 对 熟悉by angry with （sb.） 对 （某人）发怒be concerned with 与 有关;涉及,关心 ,关注 3.to one 情感 s+ n.： “令某人 .的”to one s delight/joy/surprise/horror/sorrow/regret= to the delight/joy/surprise/horror/sorrow/regret of sb.A 介词和介词短语真题组(2010-2015)1 .介词的考查主要考查单独的介词或介词短语，前几年考查介词较多，

48、近年则偏重考查介词短语；2 .题目设置角度逐步趋于细微化，题干主句结构呈现复杂化的特点；3 .从“注重语言应用”的角度，未来高考对于介词及介词短语固定搭配的测试题目将呈上升趋势。1 （2015 江苏， · 27）The university started some new language programs to caterthe country's Silk RoadEconomic Belt.2 （2015 江苏， · 29）The whole team countCristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

49、3 （2015 江苏， · 34）Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around butThomas Edison.4 （2015 浙江， · 3）Have you ever heard of the trees that are homesanimals both on land and sea?5 （2015 浙江， · 10）Most people work because it's unavoidable.contrast, there are some people who a

50、ctually enjoywork.6 （2015 浙江， ·11）We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appealour emotions thanfor straight facts.7 （2015 浙江， ·17）These comments came in responsespecific questions often asked by local newsmen.8 （2015 湖北， ·30）This meeting room is a non sm

51、oking area. I would like to warn youadvance that if yousmoked here you would be fined.9 （2015 重庆 · ,10）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 the average.10 （2015 陕西 ·,12）The little pupil took his grandmathe arm and walked her across the street.11 （2015 安徽 &

52、#183; ,33）They believe that there are transport developmentsthe corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.12 （2015 福建 ·,22）A common memory they all havetheir school days is the school uniform.13 （2015 福建,32）Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us

53、to survive is to liveharmony with nature.14 （2014 ·北京卷 ）Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour.15 （2014 天津·卷 ） the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.16 （2014 ·重庆卷 ）She drove so fast at the turn that the car

54、almost went the road.17 （2014 福建卷· ）Our club is open to everyone regardless age, sex or educational background.18 （2014 ·浙江卷 ）While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything return.19 （2014 浙江卷· ）Facing up to your problems running away from them is the best approach to working thingsout.20 （2014 ·陕西卷 ）The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.21 （2014 江·西卷 ）It is unbelievable