2020年高考英语之纠错笔记专题11：阅读理解附答案

1、专题11阅读理解易错点1只见树木不见森林，误把细节当主题画画囹明(2019 新课标全国卷 II) Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach' SBar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e- book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel " me" time. And like more Americans, she ' s

2、not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore , 74 percent, according to statistics from the report."I prefer to g

3、o out and be out. Alone , but together , you know ? " Bechtel said , looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach , has lunch with coworkers sometimes , but like many of us , too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from

4、 tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. " Today, I just wanted some time to myself , " she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny , a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the

5、barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)."I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. " It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan. "That freedom

6、 to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one , but those days are over. Now , we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. " It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the adva

7、nces in technology, " said Laurie Demerit , whose company provided the statistics for the report.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology. |If l 甫 |I， I -

8、 I I IIM I ，III。 | L【错因分析】一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。通 读全文可知，文章主通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多。文章第一段通过Marian Bechtel独自用餐的例子引出话题，第二段介绍这份调查结果的数据，第三段和第四段举例说明，第四段回归话题，说明人们选择独自用餐的原因【试题解析】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或 者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选

9、Ao【参考答案】AHL3 /k 1L，LIL，L1L，L!/旗错 点击近几年的高考阅读理解越来越倾向于从语篇的角度考查能力，考生在做题时也要相应地转变为整体思维，要从整体把握文章的大意，不可过于纠缠细节。利用文章的细节内容进行干扰是命题人常采用的干扰方式， 考生千万不可被其迷惑。遇到主旨大意题或是标题归纳题，切忌只见树木，不见森林。即时戒®Sally Dawly is a woman from Auburn, California. Over the last three and a half years, the anti-littering woman has spent mos

10、t of her free time picking up cigarette butts （ 烟头）from the streets of her home city.Called the " Butt Lady" by her local community, Dawly began her mission to rid the streets of her city of cigarette butts in October, 2014. The woman looked for cigarette butts, picked them up and threw th

11、em in the trash. To keep a count of how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a tablet, and earlier this month, she hit a historic milestone one million cigarette butts."I got tired of going on my walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere, " Sally Dawly said. " I 

12、9; rjust shocked that I had to pick up so many. I' ve ever picked up 3,000 butts insonesdiay, " Don' t throw awayyour butts; better yet, stop smoking."With so many cigarette butts littering the streets, can one person ' s efforts really make a difference? Surprisingly, the answ

13、er seems to be yes. Soon after the Butt Lady of Auburn started her mission and word of her efforts spread, cigarette cans started appearing around bars and restaurants in the city. Members of the local community even came out to cheer her on as she approached her one-million-butt milestone.Sally kno

14、ws her city ' s cigarette butt littering problem won' t be solved anytime soon, but she hopes hwill inspire people to at least think twice before dropping cigarette butts in the streets. She has decided to continue cleaning up after irresponsible smokers, and already has a new milestone in h

15、er sights two million cigarette butts.Word of the Butt Lady ' s efforts to keep the streets cigObatteree has reached neighboring communities as well, and CBS Sacramento reports that other cities have started seeking her help as well.4. What is the text mainly about?A. California " Bust Lady

16、" .B. Fighting against smoking.C. Californians health problems.D. Smoking problems in California.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，吸烟有害健康，有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位"烟头女士"（她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！）。【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头，并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事，故 A项最恰当。【答案】A易错点2主观臆断，忽视逻辑画画囹同Re

17、ading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCr

18、ossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. _Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, " The two things t

19、hat change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both."Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a jou

20、rnal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend amon

21、g people who want to get back to the " real" and not the virtual（ 虚拟）. The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C

22、. To stress the importance of reading.【错因分析】考生容易做错的原因是忽视本题上下文的逻辑关系和所涉及的相关信息，单一地、孤立地分析 某句内容从而不能全面总结。【试题解析】本文属于说明文，介绍了 BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。本题是目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BookC,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookC。故B正确。【参考答案】BI4.J. L一 UK 1k LMJ.身错_点击回归原文，重视逻辑考生做阅读理解题

23、的唯一依据就是文章，所有的判断都应围绕文章进行。每篇文章都是完整的语篇，上下文 之间的逻辑关系非常紧密。在做此类题时，考生需要通过上下文之间的逻辑关系揣测作者所要表达的真正意 图。即时见囿2 2019 天津卷 D） Would you BET on the future of this man? He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning

24、 , and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives , he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote （堂吉诃德）.And the story poses an interesting ques

25、tion: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days , while others go to seed long before?We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get the

26、re. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us , in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become t

27、rapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that ho

28、wever much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we ha

29、ve made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos （自我）,whether to loved ones , to fellow humans , to work , or to some moral concept.Many of us equate （视等同于）" commitment " with such " caring" occupations as teaching andnursing. But doing any ordinary job as well a

30、s one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable lesson.55. What is the author's purpose in wri

31、ting the passage?A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.【文章大意】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的

32、生活才会有意义。【解析】推理判断题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选Ao【答案】A易错点3信息错位，忽视题干画画囹闹Carri Kessler and her husband Will named their daughter Ottilie after a friend from the U.K., who helped them a lot. However, right after their baby girl was born, the couple noticed a big problem. &q

33、uot; No one could remember her name and no one could pronounce it. We' re goingitog keepthaduce her! " Kessler told T.The situation then grew worse as Kessler' s grandmother admitted to sickitesPoound the house tohelp remind her of Ottilie' s name which can be pronounced-e-he roOOh-

34、teel-ya. Three months after Ottiliewas born, the Kesslers decided to legally change their daughter 'name. The couple came up with two possible names. They then settled on Margot after talking to a name expert.The Kesslers situation is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience th

35、e same as the Kesslers. According to BabyCenter Canada, 11% of its users wish they could change their child overpopular, mispronounced or simply unfitting. Parents care a lot more and think a lot more about names now than their parents.To deal with this, a number of name experts now offer services t

36、o help parents choose the right name. Couples have also sought help from the Internet to choose their baby ' name. However, parents can change their child name in the event that they regret their choice. In Canada, the rules vary in each province. For instance, in Ontario, the child must have li

37、ved in the province for the past 12 months, or since birth if under the age of one. Each of the child ' s legal guardians（人）must also give permission.3. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. The Kesslers ' experience is no exception.B. Unfitness is the main reason for changing the na

38、me.C.11% of Canadians are unsatisfied with their baby' s name.D. Parents always pay more attention to children' s name.【错因分析】 根据第三段中的"due to being overpopular, mispronounced or simply unfitting ”可知，家长想给孩子改名字的原因有名字太普通、发错音或者只是不适合，但文中并没有说不适合是改名字的最主要原因，故可排除 B 项。根据第三段中的" According to Ba

39、byCenter Canada, 11% of its users wish they could change th eir child ' sname, 11%的 BabyCenter Canada 的用户想要给他们的孩子 改名字，由此得不出11%的加拿大人都对他们孩子的名字不满意这一结论，故可排除C项。根据第三段中的" Parents care a lot more.than their parents "可知，现在的父母对他们孩子的名字 的关注度要比他们自己的父母对自己的名字关注度高，但这并不等于说父母一直都很关注孩子 的名字，故可排除 D项。【试题解析】考

40、查细节理解。根据第三段中的" The Kesslers ' sitont is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience the same as the Kesslers "可知，Kessler夫妇的情况很常见，很多家长都有 类似的经历，即 Kessler夫妇的经历并非例外。故选A。【参考答案】 D一 I 唧 Ill I I 1I I I1 由 *1 :修 | I ,1 I | 川口 .， *1 L盘错_点击审清题干，锁定范围考生在做阅读理解题时，一定要看清题干，即所问的问题是什么，切忌答非

41、所问。更改原句词汇，偷换概念， 变换时态以及颠倒是非都是命题人经常采用的干扰方式。由于题干或选项不是照抄文章中的句子，而是用其 同意词句进行表达的，所以考生一定要仔细对照文章，做出正确判断。即时见圆2 2019 d匕京卷 C） The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year , half of the calls we receive will be scams（ 欺诈）.W

42、e are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools , apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these " solutions"（解 决方案）become widely available, scammers

43、 will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future , it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation （ 处

44、理）and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human -sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without det

45、ection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches（数据侵入）of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother &#

46、39;s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 

47、9;s , ricking you into " confirming " your address, mother's name, and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies ma

48、y weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who the

49、y were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.39. Taking advantage of t

50、he new technologies, scammers can.A. aim at victims preciselyB. damage databases easilyC. start campaigns rapidlyD. spread information widely【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。【解析】细节理解题。文章中第三段中的"The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amou

51、ntthan precision."意为"自动语音电话令人头疼的原因，在数量和精准度两方面，与前者关系小一些。以及第三句 "A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more."意为"通过十几年的个人信息数据窃取，导致欺诈者能够 很容易地了解你母亲的名字，以及更多信息。”通过上述论述可以获知，利用这些新技术，欺诈者可

52、以精准地展开欺诈。故正确答案是Ao【答案】A易专昔点4断章取义，忽视语篇You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association , founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty（ 贫困）and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world

53、9;s most promising " changemakers" seeking to soke（解决）urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that y

54、ou care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An

55、excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka , which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets,

56、 attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost（ 把制成堆月巴）this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the endproduct because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers（化月巴）which were expens

57、ive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14, 000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,

58、practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described asiiiiB. forgivingA. changingD. positive【错因分析】文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的机构 Ashoka,该机构旨在让每一个公民都成为changemaker。如C. cautious果考生不通篇理解，

59、只注意到文章的某些细节内容，可能误选A或C。【试题解析】文章对Ashoka's programme changemakers自始至终充满着赞赏之词，显然作者对此是持积极态度的。故选Do【参考答案】D. I . 1|- I ” I - I I I* I ,1 I I 卿 I . l| * I L敬惜_点击重视语境，挖掘信息近几年的高考阅读理解题中出现了不少夹叙夹议类文章，或者是先叙述后议论、或者在叙述中夹有议论， 无论是哪种类型的文章，作者都不直接表明自己的观点或态度，而是将自己的情感贯穿于文章之中。考生在 做题过程中，要从语篇的角度推断作者的情感。遇到猜测词义或句意类试题，考生要依据上下文进行综合推 断，不宜只根据某一处细节或某个句子下结论。即时见固Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy（ 自主性）and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during whic