考研消化内科专业英语

1、考研消化内科专业英语Gastric mucosa 胃粘膜 gastric pits 胃/J、凹 reflux esophagitis 反流性食Castroesophageal Reflux Disease(GERD),胃食管反流病Barrett' s esophagus Barrett 食管 Helicopbacter pylori 幽螺杆菌 lower esophageal sphincter 食管下括约肌 upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道出血Chronic atrophic gastritis 慢性萎缩性胃炎Chronic superfi

2、cial gastritis 慢性浅表，性胃炎intestinal metaplasia 肠化 pangastritis 全胃炎Cancer of the Esophagus,食道癌 Hiatal Hernia,食管裂孔疝Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD),消化性溃疡病parietal cell 壁细胞 protonpump 质子泵 kissing ulcer对吻溃疡 acute stress ulcer急性应激性溃疡 Gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma胃粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤endoscop

3、ic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ,ERCP 内镜逆行胰胆管造影Cholelithiasis/Cholecystitis,胆石症/胆囊炎Acute Pancreatitis,急性胰腺炎 carcinoma of the Pancreatitis 胰腺癌 primary carcinoma of the Lier, 原发性肝癌 Hepatic encephalopathy 月干性 月百病 hepatic coma 月干昏迷 Appendicitis,阑尾炎 inflammatory bowel disease 炎症性肠病 Regional Enteri

4、tis (Crohn' s Disease),局灶性肠炎 克隆氏病 Ulceratie Colitis,溃疡性结肠炎 Intestinal Obstruction,肠 梗阻 Dierticular Disease,肠憩室疾病 colorectal cancer 大肠癌 carcinoid of large intestine 大肠类癌 colorectal lymphoma 大肠恶性淋巴 瘤 melanosis coli 大肠黑变病Polyposis 息肉病 family polyposis coli 家族性结肠息肉病 Functional gastrointestinal disor

5、der 功能性胃肠病 functional dyspepsia 功能性消化不良irritable bowel syndrome 肠易激综合征chronic diarrhea慢性月I泻 alcoholic lier disease 酒精性肝病 autoimmune hepatitis 自身免 疫性月f炎 cirrhosis of lier 肝硬化 Peritonitis,腹膜炎 Hemorrhoids,痔 疮 Herniad,疝Medical Terminology 医学 术语学 (yi xue shu yu xue) Introduction to the First Edition ofMe

6、dical TerminologyThis is to serve as an introduction to medical terminology that is commonly in use by the English speaking international medical community 、 This book is put together with the Chinese language speaker in mind but may be used by English language speakers who wish to familiarize thems

7、elves with Chinese medical terminology、 It is not intended as a replacement for the arduous study of the Greek and Latin languages, which are the basis of the majority of the words, used by the English speaking medical community, but rather as a beginning in learning the myriad of words and terms in

8、 use by the modern medical community、 Learning the terms presented in this book will enable the student to understand most of the words and expressions in current use, and armed with the knowledge of theconstruction of how Greek and Latin words are created should enable the reader, to be able to obt

9、ain a comprehension of any new medical vocabulary terms、 Chinese has been added to facilitate a better understanding for the intended Chinese reader 、In the first part of the book the reader is introduced to the constructionof medical terms 、 Subsequent chapters then delve into the various medical f

10、ields, which use terms specific to their disciplines 、 Abbreviations and terms not of Greek or Latin origin are introduced to familiarize the reader with additional idiosyncrasies in English Medical Terminology 、 How to Understand Medical terms and ExpressionsThe foundation for medical terms in the

11、English language has it roots in the languages of Latin and Greek 、 Knowledge of these languages will give a Chinese Medical Professional a much better understanding of an unfamiliar word and or expression 、 Conversely, the Medical Professional whom has English, as their primary language will benefi

12、t from seeing the construction of the Chinese Medical Terminology in their studies of the Chinese language、Familiarize yourself with the Latin, Greek and French works in this Book and you will be able to understand the vast majority of medical terms in use in the English language、When you encounter

13、a word you have never seenbefore you will be able to understand it s meaning by “ dissecting” the word and knowing its components and how they are used in other words 、 English being a dynamic language will continue to incorporate more new medical terms and replace older ones, you need to prepare yo

14、urself by knowing the material contained within this manual 、Medical terminology words and words of importance are in Bold script 、 Sometimes a definition is given for the word and this will be in parentheses、 Chinese is added to those words, which are written in bold script, to help the reader unde

15、rstand the relationship between the English Terminology and the Chinese Terminology 、 Pinyin is written in (Blue Italic Arial script) within parenthesis 、 An Example of this format is as follows: Cardiology (the study of the heart) 心脏病学(xin zang bing xue)心 (xin)Observe how in Chinese the word Myocar

16、ditis (inflamed muscle layer of heart) 心肌炎 (xin ji yan) has a structure, which is not too dissimilar to the English with meaning heart, 肌 (ji) meaning muscle and炎 (yan) meaning inflammation 、 Using this word dissection technique the non-Chinese speaker can familiarize themselves with the Chinese Med

17、ical Terminology、 Here is another example to illistrate how nicely the Chinese construct medical words 、 The Chinese word for big is 大 (da) and Intestine is W (chang)、 And from the previous example 炎(yan) is understood to mean inflammation 、 So when you start to put them together in wanting to say l

18、arge intestine you have 大 (da chang) and for colitis which is an inflammation of the large intestine it is simply 大肠炎 (da chang yan)、 Generally there are three basic parts to English medical terms:Word Root 词根 (ci gen) This is the central meaning of the term and is usually in the middle of the medic

19、al term 、Prefix 前缀 (qian zhui) Seen at the the beginning of the term it helps to identify the central meaning 、Suffix 后缀 (hou zhui) Always at the end of the term, the suffix modifies the central meaning as to what or who is interacting with it or what is happening to it 、Here is an example of how to

20、 take apart a word to understand the term: Myocarditis 心肌炎 (xin ji yan) Prefix Word Root Suffix myo = muscle 肌 (ji) card = heart 心 (xin) itis = inflammation 炎 (yan) Myo as the Prefix helps to identify the Word Root card, and it is modifying the Word Root by implicating an inflammation process that i

21、s occurring 、 Ergo, we can now understand that Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle 、Prefix change:Myocarditis (inflamed muscle layer of heart) 心肌炎 (xin ji yan) Pericarditis (inflamed outer layer of heart) 心包炎 (xin bao yan) Endocarditis (inflamed inner layer of heart) 心内膜炎(xin nei mo y

22、an)Suffix change:Cardiologist (a physician specializing in the heart) 心脏病专家(xinzang bing zhuan jia)Cardiomyopathy (damage to heart muscle layer) 心肌症 (xin jin zheng) Cardiomegaly (enlargement of the heart) 心脏扩大症(xin zang kuo da zheng)The basics illustrated above are just to introduce the parts of med

23、icalterms and demonstrate 示 范 (shi fan) how moving the parts of the wordaround modifies the central meaning without changing the Word Root cardio 心 (xin)、When the Prefix and Suffix changes it can alter the meaning of a term without changing its central meaning by keeping the Word Root the same 、 Now

24、 let us take the Word Root therm 发热 (fa re) which means heat, and see how it is used to make words 、 Hypo is the Prefix and means less, so Hypothermia 体温降低(ti wen jiuan di) can mean less heat 、 And anotherPrefix added to therm is Meter which means to measure, consequently a Thermometer 温度计 (wen du j

25、i), 体温计 (ti wen ji) is a something used to measuring heat 、 Here both forms of the Chinese word for Thermometer are listed as the Chinese language distinguish between a thermometer used for measuring the air temperature 温度计 (wen du ji) and another for body temperature 体温计 (ti wen ji) 、The following

26、are frequently used word beginnings (prefixes) and word endings (suffixes) used to make up many medical terms 、 If you know them, you will know the majority of simple medical terms 、 Note that some organs have more than one word root 、 For example, let us look at the word Breast 乳房 (ru fang) which c

27、an be written as masto- or mammo- 、 Typically, oneis derived from the Greek and one from Latin 、 You need to know both roots because you may see either of them used 、 An x-ray of the breast is called a Mammogram 乳房 X 线照片 (ru fang X xian zhao pian) and is used to help detect Mastocarcinoma (breast ca

28、ncer) 乳癌 and if the surgeon must remove the breast then that procedure is termed a Mastectomy 乳房切除术(lu fangqie chu shu)、Remember the parts that make up medical terminology are prefixes, word roots and suffixes、 The most typical sequence is prefix, word root, and suffix with the word root being centr

29、al but this is not always the case 、 In this manual you will see a hyphen in front of a suffix to indicate it is added to the end of a word, let us take the example of - itis (inflammation) 炎(yan) or - oma (tumor) 瘤(Liu)、Prefixes and wordroots are shown as freestanding word parts 、 A slash and a vow

30、el, such as seen in the example of Leuk/o (white) are called combining forms which make it easier to attach to other word parts, and, make the word easier to pronounce 、A larger listing of Root Words, Prefixes and Suffixes are given in Appendix B and is included in this book to help the reader in fu

31、rther dissecting words and understanding them 、Common Prefixesa/an = without, none Anemia 贫血 (pin xue)Hyper = more then normal Hypertension 高血压 (gao xue ya) Hyperthermia 过高热 (guo gao re)Hypo = less then normal Hypotension 血压过低(Xue ya guo gao)Hypothermia 降低体温(jian de ti wen)Normo = Normal Normotensiv

32、e 正常血压得(zhen chan xue ya de)Brady = slow Bradycardia 心搏徐缓(xin bo xu huan)Tachy = fast Tachycardia 心动过速 (xin dong guo su)micro = small Microstomia (abnormally small mouth) 小口得 (xiao ko de) macro = large Macrostomia (abnormally large mouth) 颊横裂 (jia heng lie) mega/ -megaly = enlarged Megacolon (abnorm

33、ally large colon) 巨结肠 (ju jei chang)Prefixes Showing LocationEndo = within Endoscopy 内窥镜检查法(Nei Kui Jing Jian Cha Fa)Peri = around Perianal (around the anus) 肛门周围得(Gang Men Zhou WeiDe)Circum = around Circumcise (to cut around) 环切术 (Huan Qie Shu) Retro = behind Retrosternal (behind the breastbone) 胸骨

34、后得(Xiong GuHou De)Epi = upon, on top Epidermis (outermost layer of skin) 表皮 (Biao Pi) Trans = through Transurethral (through the urinary duct) 经尿道得(JingNiao Dao De)Intra = within Intravenous (inside the veins, e 、 g、IV fluids) 静脉内得(Jing Mai Nei De)Sub = below Subclavian (below the clavicle or collar

35、 bone) 锁骨下得(SuoGu Xia De)Prefixes Showing ColorLeuk/o = white Leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病 (Baixue bing)xanth/o = yellow Xanthoma (Yellow tumor) 黄瘤 (Huang liu)cyan/o = blue Cyanosis (Blueness due to cold or no O2 in blood) 苍白病(Cang bai bing)melan/o = black Melanoma (Black tumor

36、of the skin) 黑素瘤 (Hei su liu)Common Word RootsStomato = Mouth Stomatitis 口腔炎 (kou qiang yan)Dento = Teeth Dentist 牙科医生(Ya ke ti sheng)Glosso/Linguo = Tongue 舌头 (she tou) Glossitis 舌炎 (She yan),Lingual nerve 舌神经 (She shen jing)Gingivo=Gums 齿龈 (Chi yin) Gingivitis 齿龈炎 (Chi yin yan)Encephalo = Brain 脑

37、(nao) Encephalitis 脑炎 (Nao yan)Gastro = Stomach 胃 (Wei) Gastritis 胃 炎 (Wei yan)Entero = Intestine W (Chang) Gastroenteritis 肠胃炎 (Chang wei yan)Colo = Large intestine 大Colitis 大肠炎 (Da chang yan)Megacolon 巨结肠 (ju jie chang)Procto = Anus 肛门 (Gang men) Proctitis 直肠炎 (Zhi chang yan),Proctology 直肠病学(Zhi c

38、hang bing xue)Hepato = Liver 肝脏 (Gan zang) Hepatitis 肝脏炎 (Gan zang yan),Hepatomegaly 肝肿大 (Gan zhong da)Nephro/Rene = Kidney 督(Shen) Nephrosis 肾变病(Shen bian bing),肾病(Shen bing),Renal artery 肾脏得 动脉 (Shen zang de dong mai),orchido = Testis 睾丸 (Gao wan) Orchiditis 睾丸炎 (Gao wan yan)Orchidectomy 睾丸切除术(Gao

39、 wan qie chu shu)Dermo = Skin 皮肤 (pi fu) Dermatitis 皮炎 (pi yan)Masto/Mammo = Breast 乳房 (ru fang) Mastectomy 乳房切除术(ru fang qiechu shu)Mammography 乳房X 线照相术(ru fang X xian zhao xiang shu)osteo = Bones 骨骼 (gu ge) Osteoporosis 骨质疏松症(gu zhi shu song zheng)Cardio = Heart 心脏 (xin zang) Electrocardiogram (EC

40、G) 心电图 (xin dian tu)Rhino = Nose 鼻子 (bi zi) Rhinitis 鼻炎 (bi yan), 鼻粘膜炎(bi nian mo yan)Phlebo /Veno = Veins 静脉 (jin mai) Phlebitis 静脉炎 , (jing mai yan)Phlebotomy 刺骼 , 放血 (fang xue)Phlebosclerosis 静服硬化 (jing mai ying hua)Pneumo/Pulmo = Lung 肺 (fei) Pneumonitis 局限性肺炎 (ju xian xing fei yan)Pulmonologist

41、 肺科医生(fei ke yi sheng)Hemo/Emia = Blood 血 (xue) Anemia 贫血 , 贫血症 (pin xue, pin xue zheng)Hematologist 血液学家(xue ye xuejia)Common Suffixes-itis = Inflammation 炎症 (yan zheng) Tonsillitis 扁桃腺炎 (bian tao xian yan)Appendicitis 阑尾炎 (lan wei yan), 盲肠炎 (mang chang yan)-osis = Abnormal 反常得 (fan chang de) Cyano

42、sis 苍白病 (Cang bai bing)-ectomy = to remove Appendectomy 阑尾切除术 (lan weiqie chu shu)Tonsillectomy 扁桃腺切除术(bian tao xian qie chu shu)-otomy = to cut into Tracheotomy (cut into windpipe 气管 (qi guan ) 气管切开术 (qi guan qie kai shu)-ostomy = to make a mouth Colostomy 结肠造痿术 (jie chang zhao lou shu)-scopy/ -sco

43、pic = to look Colonoscopy 结肠镜检查 (jie chang jing jian cha)-graphy = recording an image Mammography 孚L房 X 线照才目术 (ru fang x zhao xiang shu)-gram = image Mammogram 孚L房 X线照片 (ru fanf X xian zhao pian) (X-ray) X 光照片 (X guang zhao pian)Appendix A Types of Physicians and other Medical ProfessionalsAppendix B Prefixes, Common Root words and SuffixesAppendix C Common Medical AbreviationsAppendix D Medical Terms listed alphabeticallyAbout the AuthorsAppendix ANames of Types of Physicians and other Medical ProfessionalsCardiologist 心脏病学家 (xin zang bing xue j