简单句句子结构

1、 简单句五种基本句型简单句五种基本句型广饶英才学校广饶英才学校 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主谓）（主谓） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四基本句型四: + +InO +D(主谓间宾直宾）主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五基本句型五: + + +O（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）组成句子的各个部分叫组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分：1. 主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名词名词,代词代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词

2、动名词来充当来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主主谓谓宾宾 定定状状补补表表2.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由动词充当充当.1.they work very hard.2.Tom feels much better now. (系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词或名词。常见的系动词：is ,am, are , become,k

3、eep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)注意：注意：情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当单独充当谓语谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语成谓语.动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词.3. 表语表语：跟在：跟在连系动词连系动词后面的词语或后面的词语或从句从句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is bea

4、utiful . To see is to believe .The reason why her absence is that he is ill 3.宾语：动作行为的：动作行为的对象对象，说明主语做什么。一，说明主语做什么。一般放在般放在及物动词或介词后面后面.由由名词名词,代词代词,数词数词,动动词不定式词不定式,动名词动名词和和宾语从句宾语从句构成构成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher sai

5、d that he would go there.注意：注意：双宾语双宾语指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.4.4.定语定语: :用来用来修饰修饰名词或代词的词名词或代词的词. .形容词形容词, ,形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词, ,名词名词, ,不定式不定式, ,介词短语介词短语, ,不定代词不定代词, ,从句等从句等. . 1 1、This is a This is a red red car.car. 2 2、The building is The building is theirtheir teach

6、ing teaching building.building. 3 3、The The womanwoman doctor is my wife. doctor is my wife. 4 4、I have something I have something to tell youto tell you. . 5 5、The man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr. is Mr. Li.Li. 6 6、EveryEvery student has an English book. student has an En

7、glish book. 7 7、I know the boy I know the boy w who is playing ho is playing basketball on the playground.basketball on the playground.5.状语状语:说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰动动词词,形容词形容词,副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.1.I go to bed late every night and I have breakfast quickly every morning.2.You are quite right.3.All t

8、he students are listening to the teacher very carefully.4.They often draw in the park. 5.We came here in order to learn English.6.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 宾补宾补：补充说明宾语补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）上的主谓关系）宾语宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型，复合宾语有以下几种类型 1 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 不定式不定式 2 名

9、词（代词）名词（代词）+ 分分 词词 3 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 名名 词词 4 名词名词 （代词）（代词）+ 形容词形容词 1 、名词（代词名词（代词）+ 不定式不定式John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 分词分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently.He

10、spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 名词名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .基本句型基本句型 一一 特点特点: :句子的句子的谓语动词谓语动词都能表达都能表达完整完整的意思。的意思。 这类动词叫做这

11、类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。词短语、状语从句等。1.He came.1.He came.2.She dances.2.She dances.3.His words works.3.His words works.4.You should work hard.4.You should work hard.5.Her grandpa died last night.5.Her grandpa died last night.6.My uncle gets up early every 6.My uncle gets up early e

12、very morning.morning. 基本句型 二 系动词可分四类：系动词可分四类： 1 1）be 本身没有什么意义本身没有什么意义, ,只起连系主语和表语的只起连系主语和表语的 作用作用, ,后可接动词外的任何词；后可接动词外的任何词； 2 2）感官动词类）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等等 3）表示变化：）表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等等 4）表示状态延续：）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain, stand等等 Everything looks different.The w

13、eather becomes cooler.3.This is an English dictionary.4.The soup smells good.5.The girl looks beautiful.6.The music sounds great. 7.The trees turn green.8.To see is to believe.9.My brother is a doctor. 基本句型基本句型 三三 特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是实义动词实义动词，但不能表，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使意思完整。作的承受

14、者，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做这类动词叫做及物动词及物动词。 e.g. We like the movie. S Vo 1. I wrote a letter last night. 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon. 3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. You must finish reading these books in two weeks.6. I saw her.7. They like

15、watching TV. 基本句型基本句型 四四 + +InO +D 特点：谓语动词必须跟有特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个两个宾语宾语 才能表达才能表达 完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的 直接承受者直接承受者，另一个是动作的，另一个是动作的间接承受间接承受 者。者。She gave me a book=She gave a book to me. S V (Vt.) InO DOShe passed him a new dress. John told me his idea.She showed her friends all the pictures4. H

16、e send me a birthdays present. 基本句型基本句型 五五特点：动词虽然是特点：动词虽然是及物动词及物动词，但是只跟一个宾，但是只跟一个宾 语还语还不能表达完整的意思不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一，必须加上一 个个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：能表达成判断原则：能表达成宾语宾语 是是/做做 e.g. We made him the manager. SVOOC S V (Vt.) O OCWe keep the table clean.I saw them getting on the bus. 他让我马上回来。

17、He asked me to come back soon. 4. I asked Mary to help me.5.We call our headmaster a wise man . 同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时， 应应掌握动词的类型掌握动词的类型。以。以 get 为例：为例： Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) 在句子中在句子中词类和词的位置词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思也影响句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。我很容易地找到了这本书。( S V O ） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C） 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种： 简单句，简单句， 并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g. 1) The teachers name is Smith. 2) The teachers name is Smith and the students