第三章经贸翻译

1、第三章第三章 经贸翻译经贸翻译首先，在国际商务活动中，人们时常发现，商情瞬间多变，商机稍纵即逝，因而人们注重的是办事人们注重的是办事的效率，语言的交流看重信息的传递，戒除无的效率，语言的交流看重信息的传递，戒除无谓的空谈。谓的空谈。其次，在国际商务活动中，由于人们的工作目标和工作结果均与经济利益挂钩，稍有疏忽就有可能蒙受经济损失，因而语言的交流力求表达准确、责语言的交流力求表达准确、责任分明。任分明。再则，在国际商务活动中，由于人们工作的对象和内容往往处于相对固定的领域，因而语言的交流带语言的交流带有很强的专业性。有很强的专业性。 3.1文体特点文体特点3.1.1 用词简洁用词简洁1）docu

2、ments against payment 付款交单付款交单2）freight forward 运费到付运费到付 3) in your favour 以你方为受益人以你方为受益人4）backlog of orders 尚未交付的订单尚未交付的订单5）cable extension of L/C 电告信用证展期通知电告信用证展期通知6) All sales are final. 货物售出，概不退换。货物售出，概不退换。 3.1.2 语言明确语言明确友谊饭店招聘接待人员友谊饭店招聘接待人员-男，二十二岁以下男，二十二岁以下-高中毕业高中毕业-懂英语懂英语-无须有经验无须有经验有意应征者请将中文简历

3、连同近照寄本市有意应征者请将中文简历连同近照寄本市550信箱，信箱，10月月20日截止。日截止。Friendship Hotel needs receptions-Male, under 22-High school graduate preferred -Knowing English-Experience not required Application in Chinese resume with recent photo to local P.O. Box 550, by Oct.203.1.3 行文严谨行文严谨1) This Agreement is made and entered

4、 into in Shanghai on 18th May, 2003 by and between AAA（hereinafter referred to as the “Sellers”）and BBB （hereinafter referred to as the “Buyers”） 本协议有本协议有AAA（以下称（以下称“卖方卖方”）和）和BBB（以下称（以下称“买方买方”）于）于2003年年5月月18日在上海签订。日在上海签订。2）In the event the Buyer does not furnish the Sellers with shipping information

5、 on or before May 19,2003,the Seller may at his option cancel this contract .若买方未在2003年5月19日或在此之前向卖方提供装船通知，卖方可撤销本合同。3）Any and all notices and communications in connection with the Contract shall be written in the English Language.所有与本合同有关的通知和通讯均用英文书写。4）Shipment is to be made in two equal lots at an

6、interval of 30 days. 货分两批按相等的数量间隔30天装运。5) The packing of our Mens Shirts is each in a polybag, 5 dozen to a carton lined with waterproof paper and bound with two iron straps outside.我方男衬衫的包装为每件套一塑料袋，5打装一纸箱，内衬防潮纸，外打铁箍两道。3.1.4 措辞委婉措辞委婉1）Enclosed please find a copy of our price list.随函寄上我方的价目表一份，请查收。随函

7、寄上我方的价目表一份，请查收。2）However ,up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you.然而，迄今为止未见贵方赐复。然而，迄今为止未见贵方赐复。3） We should be much obliged if you could make us a firm offer for 100 tons.如能报给我方一个一百吨的实盘，我方将不胜感激。如能报给我方一个一百吨的实盘，我方将不胜感激。4） If you will kindly inform us as to his financ

8、ial standing, reliability and reputation for paying bills , we shall greatly appreciate the favor.如蒙贵方将他的信用状况、财务状况及付款方面的如蒙贵方将他的信用状况、财务状况及付款方面的信誉情况告知我方，我方将非常感谢。信誉情况告知我方，我方将非常感谢。3.2 翻译要点翻译要点3.2.1准确传情达意准确传情达意表述准确是翻译的基本要求。虽然文无定法，表述准确是翻译的基本要求。虽然文无定法，词无定义，然而古今中外，无论是词无定义，然而古今中外，无论是 严复的严复的 “信、达、雅信、达、雅”的标准，还

9、是的标准，还是 林语堂的林语堂的 “忠实、通顺、美忠实、通顺、美”的标准，抑或是的标准，抑或是 尤金尤金奈达的奈达的 “达意、传神、语言顺畅自然、读者反达意、传神、语言顺畅自然、读者反应类似应类似”的标准，的标准，几乎所有的翻译流派均以如实地表达源语所表达的几乎所有的翻译流派均以如实地表达源语所表达的内容为翻译的要旨，以正确传达源语所蕴涵的思想内容为翻译的要旨，以正确传达源语所蕴涵的思想感情为翻译的目的。感情为翻译的目的。而经贸翻译，由于涉及当事人双方或多方经济利益，而经贸翻译，由于涉及当事人双方或多方经济利益，因而对翻译准确性的要求则更为严格。实现经贸翻因而对翻译准确性的要求则更为严格。实现

10、经贸翻译的准确性须注意把握经贸英语以下几种词类的词译的准确性须注意把握经贸英语以下几种词类的词义：义：1.专业词专业词2.普通词普通词3.成对的同义词和相关的词成对的同义词和相关的词1.专业词专业词 Please quote us your lowest price CIF London for walnut.请报我方胡桃最低伦敦到岸价。“CIF”（或c.i.f）系“cost,insurance,freight”的缩写，即“到岸价格”（成本、保险费加运费）。 在商务信函中，这类专业性的缩写很多，如“FOB” (free on board) “船上交货”，“FOR” （free on rail）

11、 “火车上交货”，“a/c,A/C” (account) “现金账户”，“o.o.” (on order) “订购货物”，“可供货物”“RRP” （recommended retail price） 建议零售价，“WR” （warehouse receipt） “栈单”，“仓单”等。 In the event of force majeure ma or any other contingencies beyond our control, we shall not be held responsible for the late delivery or non-delivery of the

12、 goods.如果发生不可抗力事件，或我们无法控制的其他意外事情，我方对迟交或不交货概不负责。2.普通词普通词在经贸英语中还存在许多以普通词汇表达经贸专业在经贸英语中还存在许多以普通词汇表达经贸专业术语词义的现象。术语词义的现象。 “protection”，在经贸英语中其意为在经贸英语中其意为“备款以支付备款以支付”。“honour”承兑（票据）承兑（票据）“down payment”（分期付款）首付款，定金；（分期付款）首付款，定金；“with average”水渍险；水渍险；水渍险（With Particular Average，简称W.P.A.），又称“单独海损险”，英文原意是指单独海损

13、负责赔偿，海洋运输货物保险的主要险别之一。水渍险的责任范围除了包括上列“平安险”的各项责任外，还负责被保险货物由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。在经贸英语中有一些约定俗成的表述方法。例如，在经贸英语中有一些约定俗成的表述方法。例如，“meet each other half way ”“双方作同等的让步双方作同等的让步”“can see many years service”“可使用很多年可使用很多年”“should not be regarded as a precedent（先例；（先例；惯例惯例 ）；）；“下不为例下不为例”“unless otherwise

14、 agreed”“除非另有约定除非另有约定”“to be subject to change without previous notice”“可随时修改，不预先通知可随时修改，不预先通知”。这类约定俗成的表述方法值得从事经贸翻译的译者这类约定俗成的表述方法值得从事经贸翻译的译者搜集和积累，逐步做到对这些约定俗成的表述方法搜集和积累，逐步做到对这些约定俗成的表述方法了然于胸，以便在翻译有关的语句时能自如地运用，了然于胸，以便在翻译有关的语句时能自如地运用，使译文自然、得体、通畅。使译文自然、得体、通畅。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any or

15、ders or to collect any accounts on and after May 28.自5月28日起，甲方无权接受订单或账单。The date of the receipt issued by transportation department concerned shall be regarded as the date of delivery of the goods.由承运的承运的运输机构所开具的收据日期即被视为交货日期。3. 成对的同义词或相关的词成对的同义词或相关的词any and all 同义词或近义词并列结构有形容词性的并列结构，同义词或近义词并列结构有形容词性

16、的并列结构，如如“null and void ，无效；无效； 作废作废sole and exclusive, 唯一的、不涉及其它的唯一的、不涉及其它的“effective and efficient” , “final and conclusive” , “true and correct” ；有名词性的并列结构，如有名词性的并列结构，如 “force and effect”,不宜译成不宜译成“力量和作用力量和作用”，而宜译作，而宜译作“效力效力” “type and kind ”, “terms and conditions ”, “条款条款” “power and authority ”,

17、 “obligation and responsibilities”; 有动词性的并列结构，如有动词性的并列结构，如“furnish and provide”，“提供提供” “accept and assume”，承担承担 “bind and obligate”,迫使迫使 “finish and complete”, “relieve and discharge” , 解除；清偿债务解除；清偿债务 “request and demand”,在较多的情况下，此类同义词或近义词并列结构宜当在较多的情况下，此类同义词或近义词并列结构宜当作一个整体对待，逐词翻译这类并列同义词或近义词作一个整体对待，逐

18、词翻译这类并列同义词或近义词词组则会使语言显得繁冗拖沓。词组则会使语言显得繁冗拖沓。 还有介词性的并列结构，如还有介词性的并列结构，如 “by and between”，“by and under”，“from and after”，“under and subject to”, “within and under the terms of ”。选择性的并列结构，如 “on or before May 19,2003”则需在译文中如实表达，以体现经贸英语表意的严谨性、周密性。 It is agreed that a margin of 2 per cent shall be allowed f

19、or over or short count.双方同意，允许的数量误差为正负2% 。句中over or short即为并列的反义词，其词义需分别译出。Exercises:1) Should you find interest in any of the items in our catalogue, please do not hesitate to send enquiries.2)International bussiness EnglishEnglish for Academic Purpose English for Occupational Purpose English for B

20、ussiness and Economics(EBE)3)人情习俗差异（p.28）3.2.2 力求简洁凝练力求简洁凝练1.运用汉语四字结构或文言句式运用汉语四字结构或文言句式2.运用商务套语运用商务套语3.调整句子结构调整句子结构4.选用得体词语选用得体词语1.运用汉语四字结构或文言句式运用汉语四字结构或文言句式Work on small profit margins cannot grant open-account facilities薄利经营，无法赊账薄利经营，无法赊账Thanking you for your kind consideration承蒙垂注，谨致谢意承蒙垂注，谨致谢意We

21、 should be much obliged for any information as to the standing of the firm, and you may rest assured that anything thus communicated will go no further.如蒙惠告该公司的信用状况，我方将不胜感如蒙惠告该公司的信用状况，我方将不胜感激。对任何有关的资料，我们将予以保密，激。对任何有关的资料，我们将予以保密，敬请放心。敬请放心。I venture to invite you to have a look at our stand, and you m

22、ay rest assured that you will not be pressed to buy.本人冒昧地邀请贵方光顾我方展台，购买与本人冒昧地邀请贵方光顾我方展台，购买与否，悉听尊便。否，悉听尊便。All disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with, this contract shall be amicably settled through friendly negotiation.amicablymkbli友善地；和平地友善地；和平地凡因执行本合同而发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，均须通过双方友好协

23、商解决。We are sorry to inform that your claim against us for short weight is unsuited to the international insurance claim standards.歉告你方提出的短重索赔与国际保险索赔的标准不符。2.运用商务套语运用商务套语（1）兹通告，友谊公司将采取一切必要的措施，）兹通告，友谊公司将采取一切必要的措施，追究任何未经许可制造或销售注有友谊公司商标的追究任何未经许可制造或销售注有友谊公司商标的当事人。当事人。 Notice is hereby given that FRIENDSHI

24、P Ltd. Will take all necessary measures against any party manufacturing and/or selling any garments bearing the trade mark of “FRIENDSHIP” without being authorized.(2)自二零零三年四月十五日起，张莉女士与自二零零三年四月十五日起，张莉女士与本公司脱离关系。特此通告。本公司脱离关系。特此通告。Notice is hereby given that Mrs. Zhang Li is no longer connected with o

25、ur Company, with effect from April 15, 2003.(3) x x x (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer”) as one party and ccc (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller”) as the other party agree to sign the present Contract under the following terms and conditions.本合同由xxx（以下称“买方”）为一方，ccc（以下称“卖方”）为另一方，根据以下条款签订。3

26、调整句子结构调整句子结构 Minutes of the Directors MeetingA Directors Meeting was held on Friday ,May 30,2003 at 9:00a.m.at the meeting room of the Company, Mr. Seers in the chair.Present: Mr. Senear Mr. Lund Mr. Krute Mr. Poage Mrs. Sandie Mr. Seers 董事会会议记录董事会会议记录时间：二零零三年五月三十日上午九时时间：二零零三年五月三十日上午九时地点：公司会议室地点：公司会

27、议室出席者：赛尼尔先生，伦德先生，克鲁特先出席者：赛尼尔先生，伦德先生，克鲁特先生，波格先生，桑迪夫人，西尔斯先生生，波格先生，桑迪夫人，西尔斯先生主席：西尔斯先生主席：西尔斯先生We inform you that your order has been dispatched(派遣；发送派遣；发送).贵方所定货物业已付运，特此奉告。贵方所定货物业已付运，特此奉告。We acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 5th inst. and regret to learn that you are unable to extend the subject

28、 LC. LC信用证信用证L/C (=letter of credit) 本月五日来函收悉。获悉贵方未能将标题所列之信用证予以展期，深感遗憾。4.选用得体词语选用得体词语译文的文体风格译文的文体风格(语体色彩语体色彩)是否与原文相似，是否与原文相似，在很大程度上取决于译文选用的词语。语言在很大程度上取决于译文选用的词语。语言就其交流形式而言，可分就其交流形式而言，可分 书面语书面语 口头语，口头语，语言就其使用的语境而言，亦有语言就其使用的语境而言，亦有 雅俗之分。雅俗之分。 cute, guy ,nasty ,dying, awful, gorgeous 常用于非正式场合的日常会话 。这些词

29、句有很强的口语色彩，正式程度较低，不宜用于商务应用文书。cute 可爱的；聪明的，精明的，伶俐的；漂亮的 guy ,家伙；(男)人 nasty ,下流的；严重的；令人不快的；难懂的；危害的 dying, awful, 糟糕的；可怕的；充满敬畏的；难受的 gorgeous华丽的；灿烂的；极好的就连接词而言，有些连接词词义相近，单正式程度却有高低之别，如and ,yet ,also, than, so, but等常用于 口语，而 furthermore ,however, nevertheless, whereas, whereupon等则常见于 书面语。同样，英译汉时亦需汉语词汇语气的雅俗之分，

30、语义的专泛之别。例如在商务应用文书中，offer“发盘”、“报价”，“开价”（x）port “口岸”、 “港口” ， “码头”；（x）document ”单据“、”单证“，“文件”（x）collection托收“；enquiry”询价“、”询盘“；凡此种种，不一而足。这些例子说明，译文词语的选择，既要考虑词语的语气程度，亦要考虑在国际商务语境中某个单词特定的语义。只有选择得体的词语，并且采用合适的句式，才能保证译文与原文的文体风格相一致。才能使译文成为”形似神似“的理想佳作。参考文献翁凤翔，实用翻译，杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002年。冯庆华，文体翻译论，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002年。将

31、下列各句译成中文：1. All debts due to and liabilities of my late firm have been taken over by Mr. C.P. and will accordingly be payable to and by him respectively.2. The foregoing information is given to you on the clear understanding that it is treated as strictly confidential.3. We should feel obliged, ther

32、efore, by your acquainting us, as early as may be convenient, whether your firm either have or are desirous of having an agent here.4. We wrote you on June 1, 2003 in reply to your enquiry for camcorders. However, up to the present writing, we have not had the pleasure of hearing from you. Your sile

33、nce leads us to think that there must be something that precludes you from making further enquiries.5. We have honor to inform you that we have furnished Mr. B with a letter of credit for $20 000 on your bank. Please take note thereof, and honor his draft on presentation.6. In the event that the shi

34、pment should not be made within the time stated in the Contract, the Buyer may make the purchase elsewhere and charge the Seller for any loss incurred, unless the delay in shipment is due to unforeseeable causes beyond ones control, for which the Seller is not responsible.7. If both Parties find the

35、 execution of this Agreement satisfactory and consider the extension or renewal of this Agreement necessary, either Party shall inform the other Party of the extension or renewal one month prior to the expiration of this Agreement and it will take effect only after the unanimous consent of both Part

36、ies through negotiation; otherwise, this Agreement shall automatically be of no effect upon its expiration.将下列各句译成英语：将下列各句译成英语：1.本合同自签字之日起生效，直至双方所有的遗本合同自签字之日起生效，直至双方所有的遗留问题，包括财务问题，处理完毕之日止。留问题，包括财务问题，处理完毕之日止。2. 本合同在首页标明的日期生效。本合同用中、本合同在首页标明的日期生效。本合同用中、英文写成，中、英文具有同等效力。双方各执一英文写成，中、英文具有同等效力。双方各执一份。份。3. 随

37、函附寄我公司报价单，该报价单仅限一月内随函附寄我公司报价单，该报价单仅限一月内有效。我公司产品选材精良，工艺精湛，在造型有效。我公司产品选材精良，工艺精湛，在造型和耐用性方面无与伦比。和耐用性方面无与伦比。4. “不可抗力不可抗力” 系指任何超出双方合理的控制系指任何超出双方合理的控制力所发生的，阻碍或延误本合同履行的事件。力所发生的，阻碍或延误本合同履行的事件。5.若投保若投保“一切险一切险”，在承包期内发生意外事，在承包期内发生意外事故，无论发生于海上或是陆上，保险公司将故，无论发生于海上或是陆上，保险公司将赔偿投保货物的全部损失或部分损失。赔偿投保货物的全部损失或部分损失。1. This

38、 Contract shall become effective upon and from the date when it is signed and shall remain valid until all outstanding issues including the financial matters between the parties hereto (对此对此, 到此为止) have been resolved.2. This Contract is entered into on the day, month, year as stated in the first pag

39、e of this Contract in Chinese and English. Both Chinese and English shall have equal effect. Each Party keeps one copy of the text.3. Enclosed are our quotations 价目价目,which are open for one month only. Our products are of the finest materials and exquisite craftsmanship, and are second to none in de

40、sign and durability.4. “FORCE MAJEURE” shall mean any concurrence同时发生同时发生beyond the reasonable control of the Parties, preventing or delaying, the performance of this Contract.5. For the cover of All Risk the insurance company shall be liable for total or partial loss on land or sea of the insured goods within the period covered by the insurance.将下列各句译成英语：将下列各句译成英语：1.本合同自签字之日起生效，直至双方所有本合同自签字之日起生效，直至双方所有的遗留问题，包括财务问题，处理完毕之日的遗