大学英语B机考题型六写作

1、题型六 写作题中山大学 网络教育学院考试大纲 分值: 15分 字数: 不少于80字 建议时间: 30分钟 常见类型: 应用文/ 叙述文/ 说明文/议论文 作文评分标准作文评分标准 大学英语大学英语B的作文考试评卷原则是在的作文考试评卷原则是在整体评阅的基础上给出印象分，此印象整体评阅的基础上给出印象分，此印象分以奖励给分，不是按错扣分。分以奖励给分，不是按错扣分。 评分按档次进行，即评分按档次进行，即03分，分，46分，分，79分，分，1012分，分，1315分五个档次。分五个档次。各个档次的具体描述如下：各个档次的具体描述如下： 1315分：扣题，语言流畅，用词丰富，分：扣题，语言流畅，用词

2、丰富，篇章结构感强，语法正确，只有个别小篇章结构感强，语法正确，只有个别小错。错。 1012分：扣题，语言通顺，用词较丰富，段分：扣题，语言通顺，用词较丰富，段与段之间有较好的过渡，语法基本正确，有些与段之间有较好的过渡，语法基本正确，有些语病。语病。 79分：基本扣题，语言基本正确，用词有一分：基本扣题，语言基本正确，用词有一定变化，文中错误较多，有个别为严重错误。定变化，文中错误较多，有个别为严重错误。 46分：语言基本功差，文章中中国式英语表分：语言基本功差，文章中中国式英语表达居多，用词贫乏，语法错误相多，有多处严达居多，用词贫乏，语法错误相多，有多处严重错误。重错误。 03分：语言支

3、离破碎，绝大部分句子无法理分：语言支离破碎，绝大部分句子无法理解，语言错误很多。解，语言错误很多。评判作文评判作文 写写30分钟，评卷分钟，评卷1分钟，前分钟，前20秒（决定得秒（决定得分的分的80），后），后40秒（秒（20）。）。 建议：考生打字要熟练，如果你打字慢，建议：考生打字要熟练，如果你打字慢，平时写作的时候一定要在键盘上实践，平时写作的时候一定要在键盘上实践，30分钟内一定要写完并检查好。分钟内一定要写完并检查好。 建议方法 1) 语言上应言简意赅,主题明确，达到字数要求 2) 符合逻辑，有较好的衔接 3) 写完要检查语法和单词拼写写作课基础段任务 熟练掌握简单句 熟练掌握修饰简

4、单句 了解各种复杂句 了解转折词用法 锦上添花的句子结构中英文法比较（1） 动词：每个句子必须有一个主要动词 主语：每个句子必须有主语 话题： 这是中文的结构 定语：位置视长短结构而定 时态：时态明显 一致: 主谓，单复 冠词：可数名词单数中英文法比较（2） 修饰成分 句子长短 逻辑关系 Baby English vs. English for general readers 英语句式 简单句 I have a bank account 并列句 I have a bank account and my boyfriend deposits his salary into it. 复合句 I h

5、ave a bank account which my boyfriend deposits his salary into. 并列 复合句 I have a bank account which my boyfriend deposits his salary into, but I forget its pin number.简单句 动词核心，主语不可缺 句型 S-V I am day-dreaming S-V-O I am having a class S-V-Oi-Od My girl friend gave me a goodbye kiss. S-V-O-C He made me

6、feel better. S-LV-Cs She is gorgeous.简单句拓展（1）修饰名词修饰名词： 形容词形容词: I like good food介词短语介词短语: I like good food with good price.定语从句定语从句: I like good food with good price which is served in a decent place.修饰动词修饰动词副词：副词：I always like food.介词短语介词短语: I like food in China.不定式：不定式： I like food to add to my lif

7、e.分词：分词：Not being hungry, I still like food.状语从句：状语从句： Not being hungry , I still like food when I am with my friends.简单句拓展（2） 名词替换拓展 动名词 Crying makes me relieved. 不定式 To cry makes me relieved 从句 What he cries about makes me happy. That he cries makes me happy.简单句拓展（3） 并列拓展 I like food, wine and mus

8、ic. I can wait patiently, attentively and passionately. Her voice is tender, rich and moving. To be or not to be is the question. He is good man and his father is a better man. Why expand your sentence?简单句常见错误 动词 一致 太简单并列句 And, or,nor, but We left for work, but we had a flat tire 标点符号 English is dif

9、ficult; Chinese, in comparison, is even more difficult. 连接词 Accordingly, afterward, also, besides, consequently, earlier, furthermore, hence, however, later, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, still, then, thus, therefore. I will tell you what to do; furthermore, I will explain why to do it. 常见错误：大量

10、逗号复合句 状语从句 After, although, as, as if, as long as, because, before, if, in order that, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, while 定语从句 Who, whom, whose, which, that, when where 常见错误：句式混乱，少用从句。锦上添花（1) 平行结构 The world would not be created, not be destroyed; it would simply be. T

11、he man is witty, intelligent and energetic. To support his family and to put himself through college, he worked six days. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill shall be made low, and the rough place shall be plain. I ripped the phone from her hand, then from the socke

12、tand hurled it across the room.锦上添花（2) 平行结构 Bothand; neithernor; eitheror; not onlybut also Repetition One cannot think well, love well, sleep well if one can not dine well.锦上添花（3) 强调 Positioning: the endthe beginningmiddle This class, I think, is boring Change the normal order This I will never do.

13、 Softly, he sings to her. It is this that I dont like. Parallelism and repetition锦上添花（4) 多样化 Varying sentence beginning Subject first: He arrived home exhausted Participial first: exhausted, he arrived home. Adjective first: clever and hardworking, he achieve his success. Appositive: a friend of min

14、e, Mr. Brown is nice. Prep phrase: In despair, he sold the house. Inf.: To pass the exam, he studied hard. Vary sentence type Vary sentence length如何分段？ 一般要按照所给的小标题分段写， 每段要有一个中心意思，也就是说要写一个中心句。 如果题目没有给出小标题，那么就按照自己的构思来写。最好也要有明确的段落。 应用文 1)常见类型: 信函/电子邮件/便条/明信片/通知 2)注意格式信函格式 日期（月日年）称呼,开头正文结束语 敬语， 署名 常用语言：

15、称呼称呼：Dear Sir/Dear Madam尊敬的先生女士开头开头：Im writing to 我写这封信的目的是信末信末：Look forward to your reply 期待你的回复敬语敬语：正式文体yours sincerely/yours truthfully 非正式文体love , best wishes, kind regards, all the best.例文题目:写一封电子邮件给你的一位美国朋友 日常活动 主要工作 社交活动 Jan 1st, 2006Dear Bob, Ill tell you something about my daily life in thi

16、s e-mail and hope you will find it interesting. I usually get up early and go to work at eight oclock. I have lunch in the office. And I come back home at six. As a secretary, I deal with phone calls, emails and faxes during work hours. I also do the paper work for the manager. After work, I like to

17、 do shopping with friends or watch TV at home. Sometimes, I also like to chat on the Internet. Best wishes, Michelle 便条便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须包括以下几个基本要素：1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名 留言留言: 用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面用书面留下要说的话。留言涉及的方面很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用很多，包括约会，通知，请求等任何可用便条留下的口信。便条留下的口信。例文

18、题目: 你的名字叫Tina, 今天是星期二。你给你的朋友Li留言, 邀请她和她其他的几位朋友于下午5点到西南酒店6号房参加一个为庆祝春节举办的聚会。 Tuesday Dear Li, As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours. Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Would you

19、 like to come on time at 5:00 p.m. today, to Room 6 of Southwest Hotel? Yours always, Tina写信或电子邮件(e-mail) (称呼) Dear Janet, Dear Julie, Dear Cathy, To whom it may concern, Dear Sir/Madam, (开头) Im writing to tell you a piece of news that / I havent heard from you since graduation. / I havent heard fro

20、m you since you leave the city./ I havent received your letter for a long time. (接下来) How are you? / I miss you very much since we say good bye to each other. / I hope everything is OK with you. (正文) (结尾) I will be very glad if you /I believe we will have a good time!范文1 写一封电子邮件给你的以前的一位同学: 了解对方毕业后的情

21、况 你的近况 邀请对方方便时来访范文1 可能用到的词汇: leave the school, work as a secretary , graduate from the school, get on well with my boss and workmates, humorous, be always happy when we stay together, be very glad , pay a visit to me , be free, talk about our college life, Yours, 提示:该文注意时态转换, 涉及毕业以前发生的事用过去时, 现在正在进行的

22、用现在时。 范文2 写一封电子邮件给你的以前的一位同学: 告诉对方你最近将出去旅游 了解对方所在旅游地的景点 请对方给予帮助安排范文2 可能用到的词汇: I will travel to, have a good time in, be not familiar with the city, do me a favor to introduce some places of interest to me, thank you for booking the hotel for me, if you are convenient, looking forward to the meet. 提示:

23、 该文涉及将来的旅游计划,所以多用将来时, 提及现在的情况再用现在时 。 范文3 写一封信给你的以前的一位同学: 了解对方近来的情况 通知对方同学将在元旦举行聚会 请对方参加范文3 可能用到的词汇：find a satisfactory job in ， want to find a good job there，our former classmates, plan to, hold a New Years Day party in , at that time, our head teacher , attend , be pretty happy , take part in the p

24、arty, I believe we will have a good time! 提示：该文在提及近来情况时建议用现在时或现在完成时，提及元旦聚会时建议用将来时。 范文4 写一封电子邮件给你的以前的一位同学: 了解对方最近学习情况 你的学习情况 请对方说说提高英语水平的经验范文4 可能用到的词汇：tell me , be not interested in English, you get A in your grammar study , my grammar is still in the poor situation. , get C, so, my grammar teacher,

25、be not satisfied with me, feel not good, will be grateful if you can tell me some experience in English study, want to improve my English , come to my home for the summer holiday, play together and study English together, Best wishes, 提示：写作该文时提及过去英语不好建议用过去时，谈到将来的打算时建议用将来时 范文5 给你的一个朋友写一封信: 你的近况 请对方帮你

26、购买英语语法书 邀请对方方便时来访范文5 可能用到的词汇：enter a new school, meet many new teachers and classmates，have been their good friends，are quite friendly，In addition, buy an English grammar book for me， find ，my grammar is poor，because，cant catch up with the teacher，in the class，have time, pay a visit to my home，feel

27、happy，Love, 提示：该文多为现在时，请人帮忙用语客气。词汇量不足的应急措施词汇量不足的应急措施 同学们在试图表达自己的想法时往往会觉得词汇量不足，没法使作文顺畅地按照自己的想像进行下去。现介绍三种简易的应急措施，希望能有所帮助。 换个方式来表达你的意思那么就不用怕某个单词不会拼了。 1.试用笼统词 英语语言中的笼统词有have, take等，笼统词的重要特点在于意义广泛、搭配性强、构成词组后可替代众多具体动词。虽然不能精确表达一个动作，却能大致表达意思。在一些具体动词写不出来的时候，用这些笼统词取代也能收到异曲同工的效果。 例如：我经历了一个极其艰苦的时代。 I experience

28、d a terrible hard time. 这一句中，experience被遗忘时，用have代替，成为: I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表达的意义绝不亚于第一句。这样的例子还很多。如： I will preside over the meeting. - I will take the meeting. I will subscribe to the local newspaper. - I will take the local newspaper. 从以上例句不难看出，具体词音节较多，使用频率不高，容易遗忘，而笼统词则不然，在作文应试中，确实不失为一

29、种应急良策。2. 联想有关词汇当遗忘产生时，或遇到未曾学过的词时，应采取放射性思维，发挥想象力，想出一切与之有关的单词，利用语言的内在联系，多层次、多角度地运用语言。一般情况下，联想可按下列思路进行：1）联想同义词2）联想反义词英语语言中众多的同义词在许多情况下是可以通用的。利用这一规律，由于某个单词受阻而影响全篇写作的情况便不会出现。例如I had a nightmare last night. - I had a bad dream last night.The food is delicious.- The food is tasty.- The food is nice to eat.

30、His temper is nasty.- His temper is terrible. - He has a bad temper. 同样，用其反义词来取代某一遗忘了的词也是可行的，例如 He is stubborn. - He is not tame. The knife is blunt.- The knife is not sharp. She is talkative.- She is never quiet. 3. 试用解释性语句 语言的功能在于表达，而表达的方式是多种多样的。当一个词影响到某个意思的完整表达时，我们可以用迂回的方式加以沟通。例如 He is a dumb. -

31、He is a person who can not speak. Ive never seen such a stubborn person. - Ive never seen such a person who never listens to others advice. 解释性的语句可以帮助我们避开一些大词、难词，又能使意思表达流畅，不失为一聪明之举。更多灵活用词的例子 be free=have time pay a visit to= visit many=a lot of My grammar is in a poor situation.= My grammar is not g

32、ood. She is out.=She isnt in. 叙述文 1) 叙述事件以时间的先后顺序为主。 2) 讲述故事注意细节主次, 避免离题或喧宾夺主。 3)增强条理性的词汇: ( 如下 )事件先后顺序: 首先/第一 first, 第二 second, 第三 third, 接着 next, 然后 then/after that, 最后 finally 明确时间顺序: 早上 In the morning, 下午 in the afternoon, 晚上 in the evening 在2006年 in 2006 上周 last week, 上个月 last month, 去年 last ye

33、ar 昨天 yesterday, 今天 today, 明天 tomorrow题目: My Home 描述你家的位置 各个房间的功能 表达你对你们家居条件的态度 My home is a newly-built house in the north of the city. We have three rooms in addition to the kitchen and bathroom. The first room is the main room or living room. It is for having meals, relaxing, reading, watching TV

34、 and so on. It is the busiest room in the house. The second room is my daughters bedroom. She sleeps and dresses there. The third room belongs to my wife and me. It seems quite spacious because we have little furniture. We sleep, prepare lessons and generally relax there. I think my room is cozy and

35、 I like my home. 说明文 建议方法: 分类法/因果分析/举例说明 可用词汇: 分类:首先/第一 first, 第二 second, 第三 third 对比: on the one handon the other hand一方面另一方面, however/but 但是 举例: for example例如 议论文 该文体主要是针对某一观点阐述自己的看法,并且通过摆事实,讲道理说明自己的看法依据是什么。题目：没有钱就没有爱情 有一种观点认为：没有钱就没有爱情 你对这种观点的看法 你的结论 Some people believe that there is no love witho

36、ut money. （他人观点，引出论点）I dont agree. Money is important , but it cannot buy everything. （自己观点） For example, it cannot buy love. If there were no love without money, all the poor would have no love and all the rich would have love. But this is not true. Many poor people live happily because they have l

37、ove, and many rich people live unhappily because they do not. （举例说明）So I think there should be love without money.（得出结论）热点话题1 Internet可能用到的词汇: modern society, send a message to, shop on line, chat on line, save time, communicate within seconds结构: 总-分-总 1)首先提及Internet的重要性 2)然后逐条罗列其优点(学生根据自己水平也可谈其缺点)

38、3)最后重申Internet的重要(内容重复第一句,句式变换)热点话题2 健康( keep healthy ) 可能用到的词汇: a healthy body, keep a balanced diet, eat more fruit and vegetables, take regular exercises, swimming, jogging, riding, go to bed early and get up early, keep in a good mood 结构:总-分-总 1)首先提及健康很重要 2)然后说明怎样保持健康(此段注意逻辑性) 3)最后再次点题(内容重复第一句,句式变换)热点话题3 城镇生活优于乡村生活( town life is better than country life) 可能用到的词汇: convenient, move around easily, shop in a big shopping mall, nosier, air pollution, difficult to park cars, cost more to liv