医学词根词缀(共7页)

1、1人体主要(zhyo)器官前缀名称(mngchng)通用(tngyng)名前（后）缀常用形容词示例心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiologybrainencepholo-cerebral sribrlcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatologyhptld胃stomachgastro-gastricga

2、stritis/gastrointestinal/gastrologystrntstnl/胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy胆囊切除术:l,bld ,klsstektm肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy肠切除术/enterology /ntrktm/脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pa

3、ncreatectomy pkrtk/肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin血红蛋白/hematoma 血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉(jngmi)veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉(dngmi)arteryarterio-arter

4、iology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经(shnjng)nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chr

5、omosome3与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectionalbi-/di-bilateral/biphasic carbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral三角形/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer四聚物/tetracycline四环素/tetraplegia四肢麻痹五penta-pentagon五角形/pentachromic/pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexa

6、chloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示(biosh)一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）4颜色及与颜色有关(yugun)的前缀颜色(yns)通用名前缀示例色colo

7、rchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma黄色瘤蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis发绀/cyanopsia蓝视症/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green棕br

8、ownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum绯红crimson青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态(bngti)-osis-oticneurosis神经衰

9、弱(shnjngshuiru)症/tuberculosis结核病/schistosomiasis增多(zn du)leukocytosis/ erythrocytosis/ granulocytosis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/anuria无尿/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/

10、macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly肝肿大复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicit

11、is ,pndsats 阑尾炎/bronchitis/arthritisrrats 关节炎瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma,hmtom血肿血症-emialeukemia/septisemia ,sptsim 败血症cteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemiplegia hmplid 偏瘫/pamplegia pmpli:di 全瘫 /myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea腹泻(fxi)/hypermenorrhea ,menri:

12、 月经过多/rhinorrhea,rainri: 鼻漏坏死(hui s)-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石(jish)litho-/-lithlithiasis lass 结石病/lithogenesis ,lidenisis 结石形成/cholelithes胆囊结石7与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium ,pilm上皮，上皮细胞 /supracostal,sju:prknstl肋上的下lower/inferiorinf

13、ra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous,sbkjtenjs皮下的前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial,postprndl 餐后的/retrocardiac内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalationnhle()n 吸入药剂/endoscopy/entocranial,entkreinil颅内的外

14、outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion排泄物/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative围手术期/pericarditis/peritoneum腹膜中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反对oppositecounter-

15、/contra-counterpart/electrical countershock 电复律/contraindication,kntr,ndken禁忌症注：invivo/invaivou/活体内(t ni);invitro/invaitrou/活体(hu t)外或试管内；insitu/insaitju:/8与外科手术有关(yugun)的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy ,hstrtmi 子宫切开术/craniotomy切（割）-tometrach

16、eotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经trans-transadominal trnsbdmnl 经腹的 /translateral /transurethral,trnzjrirl经尿道的注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：or

17、tho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-

18、saccharidepolysaccharide酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基(bn j)/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基(nj)amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10与“作用(zuyng)”有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge fbr,fjd 退热药/centrifuge离心机抗-antiantibiotic ,ntbatk 抗生素/antimyc