公司担保能力论文-论公司对外担保效力

1、-. z公司担保能力论文：论公司对外担保的效力【中文摘要】公司对外担保的效力认定一直是理论界及实务界讨论的热点问题之一。公司与被担保人、债权人之间订立的担保合同效力如何,直接关系到相关当事人的切身利益及法律责任的归属。与1993年公司法对担保的规定相比拟,2005年公司法有关担保的条文更具理性和科学性,但与担保法及合同法依然存在冲突之处。而这些冲突使得同类案件在不同地域的裁判机构甚至同一裁判机构的不同裁判者会做出截然相反的法律评价。从2005年公司法第16条第1款可以明确看出,公司在遵循相应程序的前提下可以对外提供担保。毋庸置疑,该规定对于鼓励交易、保障交易平安具有重要的积极意义。但是虽然公司

2、的担保能力在立法层面上得到肯定,但其有效与否将受到公司章程、股东会或董事会决议以及担保数额等条件的限制;且在实践中,大多数公司在设立时对章程的重要性认识缺乏,往往出现章程对担保程序的规定存在瑕疵、决议机构错误以及董事、经理超越职权提供担保等行为。对于这些不规行为所引发的担保合同的效力认定问题,2005年的公司法并没有明确界定。本文从公司的担保能力问题出发,在肯定公司具有对外担保能力的前提下,剖析了公司担保规则冲突的根源在于不同部门法所保护的利益主体有所不同:公司法侧重于保护投资者即股东的利益,而担保法及合同法则侧重于保护债权人的利益。同时本文也关注到了公司章程对担保效力的影响,论证并肯定了在特

3、定情形下公司章程对第三人的对抗性。公司的不同形态及治理构造方面的差异对担保合同的效力会产生重大影响。本文分别论述了*公司的人合性特征、股份特别是上市公司资合性的特征。然后结合不同特性的公司形态,详细分析论证了常见担保问题的效力认定:在*公司背景下,公司的所有权和经营权是不别离的,公司的股东在承当投资风险的同时,也在严密参与公司管理事务。对于公司的重大经营事项,股东是决策的积极参与者,即便在少数不参与决策的情况下,也是出于信任关系委托其他股东或由其他决议机构进展决策。故此,当出现担保瑕疵问题时,应当强调的是股东基于信任关系产生的责任担当,在担保合同效力认定上应倾向于选择保护债权人的利益;在股份特

4、别是上市公司背景下,股东身份的取得以缴纳股款、购置股票为根底,而不取决于其与其他股东的人身关系。由于股东之间缺乏合作及信任根底,在资本多数决的制度下,中小股东处于弱势群体的地位。从保护价值的角度出发,资本市场的繁荣稳定对经济的推动作用要远远大于商品交易市场。就担保瑕疵问题而言,当投资者利益和债权人利益发生冲突时,应当加大债权人的交易风险来换取投资者的资产平安及投资信心,从而维护资本市场的稳定繁荣,即更应倾向于保护投资者股东的利益。在分析论证不同公司形态下常见担保问题的效力认定时,上述利益保护主体的选择是判断担保合同效力的主要依据。最后,本文从立法层面和实践层面对完善担保法律制度以及规担保行为提

5、出了意见和建议。【英文摘要】The identification to legal validity of e*ternal guarantee by pany is one of the most debated issues both in theory and practice. The legal force of the guarantee contract concluded by the pany, the guaranteed party and the creditor affects the vital interests and the legal liabilities

6、 of the parties.pared to the provisions to the guarantee in the of 1993, the provisions of the of 2005 are more rational and scientific, however, yet it is conflicted with the and the . Due to such conflicts, the courts in different places and even the individual judger of the same court would give

7、total contrary judgments against the cases in the same nature.It can be seen from the Article 1 Provision 16 of the of 2005 that the pany should provide the e*ternal guarantee only by the due process. It is no doublets that such provision is positive to encouraging the transitions and assuring the s

8、afety of business. The capability of providing guarantee of the pany is confirmed by legislation, however, the validity is limited by the articles of incorporation, resolutions of the shareholders party and the directors party and moreover in practice, most panies are not able to learn the full impo

9、rtance of the articles of incorporation when first established, which causes such acts as the defect provisions in the articles of incorporation regarding the guarantee and the wrong doing from the body of decision-making and the unauthorized guarantee from the directors and the manager. Regarding t

10、he issues of the guarantee contract identification those are caused by those non-normative acts, the of 2005 keeps silent.From the issues of the capability of providing guarantee by the pany, this paper firstly confirms the capability of providing guarantee by the pany and then analyses that the sou

11、rce of the conflicts of the rules to the guarantee by the pany lies in that the individual law protects the interests of different parties. The pany law protects the interests of the investors i.e. the shareholders, meanwhile, the and the focus on the interests of the creditors. On the same hand, th

12、is paper concerns the effect of the articles of incorporation of the pany to the legal force of the guarantee and demonstrates and confirms the defence of the articles of incorporation against the third parties in certain cases.The different forms and administration structures of the pany significan

13、tly affect the legal force of the guarantee contracts. This paper analyses both the human joining nature of the limited liabilities panies and the capital joining nature of the share limited panies, especially the public listed panies. Hereafter, based on the variety of the pany forms, this paper an

14、alyses the identification to mon issues of the validity of guarantee in details.In a limited liability pany, the ownership and management of the pany are inseparable which means the shareholders of the pany both afford the risks of the investments and participate in the management of the pany. The s

15、hareholders are the positive decision makers of the major business issues of the pany and even in very rare cases that absent from making the decisions, the shareholders by trust authorize other shareholders or other management institutions to make the decision. Therefore, in the case of the defect

16、of the guarantee, it should be taken in to account that the liabilities of the shareholders are generated by trust and in terms of identification of the validity of the guarantee, the creditors interests shall be protected.In a share limited pany especially a public listed pany, the shareholder qual

17、ification is acquired by paying the share price and buying the shares, but not by the person relationship between the other shareholders. Due to the lack of corporation and trust, under the capital majority rules, the minority shareholders are in vulnerable position. Therefore, from the value protec

18、tion point of view, the driving force of the boom and stability of the capital market to the general economy is far more important than the trade market. In terms of the defects of the guarantee, when the interests between the investors and creditors are in conflicts, in order to maintain the boom a

19、nd stability of the capital market, the safety and confidence of investors shall be gained by increasing the risks of the transactions of the creditors, which means that the investors and shareholders interests shall be protected.During the course of debating the identification of the validity of th

20、e guarantee under the variety forms of panies, judging the validity of the guarantee contract should be mainly based on the abovementioned choices of interests protected.Eventually, this paper ments and advises on how to both improve the legal rules on guarantee and regulate the acts of guarantee in

21、 both theory and practice.【关键词】公司担保能力 章程对外约束力 担保合同效力【英文关键词】Validity of pany Guarantee E*ternal Force of Articles of Incorporation Legal Force of Guarantee Contract【目录】论公司对外担保的效力摘要4-6Abstract6-8导言11-12第一章 公司对外担保制度的立法简述12-19一、中国公司法关于公司对外担保制度的变迁14-16二、境外公司法有关对外担保的规定16-19第二章 公司对外担保的规则冲突及法理分析19-28一、公司对外担保规则的立法冲突19-21一 冲突的表象法律层面的冲突19-21二 冲突的实质保护主体的冲突21二、公司具有对外担保的能力21-24一 法人具有财产处分权22二 担保法肯定了公司具有对外担保能力22-23三 实务界对公司担保能力的认同23四 否认公司担保能力的弊病23-24三、公司章程对担保合同效力的影响24-28一 公司章程的一般原理24