英国文学十四行诗1课件

1、Welcome to the Literature Class!Shakespeares SonnetsContents1. Revision 2. Sonnet3. Shakespeares Sonnets4. Reading of Sonnet 18 5. SummaryElementsOrigion & DevelopmentTypes & FeaturesDefinition1010141542Revision3 Definition Sonnet: an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately

2、 rhymed.SonnetSonnet Cycles (十四行诗组诗)sonnet sequencesa series of sonnets linked together by exploring the varied aspects of a relationship between lovers, or else by indicating a development in the relationship that constitutes a kind of implicit plot. SonnetSir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542)Petrarch (1304

3、 -1374)Origin & DevelopmentSonnet (1). Originated in Italy around the 1350s; (2). Perfected by Petrarch (1304 -1374); (3). Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced Petrarchan sonnet from Italy into English literature. (4). Decline and revival Origin & DevelopmentSonnetTwo types of sonnet: a. the Italian or Petra

4、rchan sonnet b. the English or Shakespearean sonnet. Difference: structure, rhyme scheme, and subject matter Types of SonnetsSonnetSonnet octave (8 lines) rhyming abbaabba sestet (6 lines) rhyming cdecde or cdccdc. 11 syllables in each lineThe Italian or Petrarchan sonnetOn His BlindnessWhen I consi

5、der how my light isEre half my days, in this dark world and And that one talent which is death to Lodged with me useless, though my soul moreTo serve therewith my maker, andMy true account, lest he returning“Doth god exact day-labor, light I fondly ask; but Patience to That murmur, soon replies, “Go

6、d doth not Either mans work or his own gifts; whoBear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His Is kingly. Thousands at his bidding And post oer land ocean without they also serve who only stand andspentwidehide,bentpresentchide;denied?prevent needbeststate speedrest: wait.”SonnetSonnetThe English or

7、Shakespearean sonnetthree quatrains + a concluding couplet: abab 1-4 cdcd 5-8 efef 9-12 gg 13-14 Spenserian sonnet: abab bcbc cdcd ee. 10 syllables in each lineSonnet 29When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens I all alone beweep my outcast And trouble deaf heaven with my bootlessAnd look upon myself,

8、 and curse myWishing me like to one more rich inFeatured like him, like him with friends Desiring this mans art and that mans With what I most enjoy contented Yet in these thoughts myself almostHaply I think on thee - and then myLike to the lark at break of day From sullen earth, sings hymns at heav

9、ensFor thy sweet love remembred such wealth That then I scorn to change my state witheyes,state,cries.fate,hope,possessed,least;despising,state,arisinggate,bringskings.scope,SonnetSonnetPetrarchan sonnet has on the whole favored a statement of problem, situation, or incident in the octave, with a re

10、solution in the sestet. The English sonnet sometimes uses a similar division of material, but often presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains. The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.Difference in Structure Elem

11、ents Foot MetreRhythm LinestanzaSonnet Foot: the basic metrical unit,a part of a line of poetry in which there is one strong beat and one or two weaker beats. 音步Sonnet Monometer one foot Dimeter two feet Trimeter three feet Tetrameter four feet Pentameter five feet Hexameter six feet Heptameter seve

12、n feet Octameter eight feet Types of Foot Sonnet Meter: regularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occurs at apparently equal intervals in time. 格律，韵律SonnetDuple meter:Iambic (one unstressed + one stressed)Trochaic (one stressed + one unstressed)pyrrhic (one unstressed +one

13、unstressed)Triple meter:Anapestic (two unstressed + one stressed)Dactylic (one stressed + two unstressed)Spondaic (two stressed)Monosyllabic foot (one stressed) Metrical PatterningSonnetMetrical patterning:1) Iamb 抑扬格2) Trochee 扬抑格3) Anapest 抑抑扬格4) Dactyl 扬抑抑格5) Spondee 扬扬格 6) pyrrhic 抑抑格7) Monosyll

14、abicthe sunwent tointervenecolor of true-blue of the truthSonnet Rhythm: a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements.节律，节奏Sonnet 5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre)Shall I compare thee to a summers day ? aThou art more lovely and more temperate. bRough winds do shake the darling buds of may,aAnd

15、 summers lease hath all too short a date. bSonnetShakespeares Sonnets1609: “ Shakespeares Sonnets. Never before Imprinted” 154 sonnets, written between 1593 and 1599.Certain motifs are evident in this sonnet sequence. SonnetThree Groups 1-17: on a handsome young man Mr.W. H. 18-126: the idea that th

16、e beloved youth will survive through the poets verse. 127-154: about the “dark lady of the sonnets”.SonnetSonnet 18SonnetSonnet 18Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or natures changing course untri

17、mmed; Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in hi

18、s shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst; So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions for DiscussionSonnet1. Who is the speaker? 2. Whats the relationship betwee the speaker and “thee”? Why does the speaker compare “thee” to a summ

19、ers day?3. What are the differences between the natural summer and “thy” summer?4. What figures of speech can you find in this sonnet?5. What imageries does Shakespeare employ in this sonnet? How do they contribute to theme of the sonnet? 6. Whats the purpose and theme of this sonnet?The speaker of

20、a poem is not necessarily the poet. Frequently, the speaker represents a type of person. SonnetThe speaker might be a poet or a lover of poetrySpeaker?Lovers?Friends?Or intimate SonnetRelationship ?What are the features of an English summers day? Mild; beautiful; short;Changeable.SonnetContrstThy su

21、mmerNatural summerShort Eternal Leased Owst Hot Temperate Decline Rough wind DimmedLovely breath Not fade Deathless SonnetRhetorical question;Metaphor; PersonificationHypoble; Repetitiona. Make the language more figurative and vivid.b. Make the theme more concrete.c. Add depth, richness and clarity

22、to the poem.SonnetSonnetImageryThe representation of sense experience to the imagination through language.1. visual imagery (sight)2. auditory imagery (sound)3. olfactory imagery (smell); 4. gustatory imagery (taste) 5. tactile imagery (touch)6. kinesthetic imagery (movement or tension in the muscle

23、s or joints).7. organic imagery (hunger, thirst, fatigue or nausea) SonnetImageryPoets use images not only to create physical experiences but also to establish moods.Rough windDarling budsHot eyeGold complexionThey make the theme more concrete and concentrated.PurposeShakespeares purpose might be to

24、 express the idea that the artistic beauty is eternal and express his strong love for poetry. Sonnetto express an emotion, a mood, or an idea. to reveal human nature, to describe a place, to tell a story, to achieve some combination of purposes.PurposeTheme of this sonnet: The beauty of / in poetry

25、is eternal. SonnetTheme is the central concept developed in a poem and conveyed to the readers. It is usually an abstract concept which becomes concrete through the idiom and imagery. 十四行诗18或许我可用夏日将你作比方，但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。夏风狂作常会催落五月的娇蕊，夏季的期限也未免还不太长。有时候天眼如炬人间酷热难当，但转瞬又金面如晦常惹云遮雾障。每一种美都终究会凋残零落，或见弃于机缘，或受挫于天道无常

26、。然而你永恒的夏季却不会终止，你优美的形象也永远不会消亡，死神难夸口说你在它的罗网中游荡，只因你借我的诗行便可长寿无疆。只要人口能呼吸，人眼看得清，我这诗就长存，使你万世留芳。14行诗18能不能让我把你比作夏日？ 你可是更加可爱，更加温婉；狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，夏季租出的日子又未免太短暂：有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热， 他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所催残；但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的形象；死神夸不着你在他影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同长；只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看的见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。 屠岸 译Sonnet

27、 29When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries.And look upon myself, and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,Desiring this mans art and that mans

28、scope,With what I most enjoy contented least;Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee - and then my state,Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens gate,For thy sweet love remembred such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings.十四行诗29面对命运的抛弃，世人的冷眼，我唯有独自把飘零的身世悲叹。我曾徒然地呼唤聋耳的苍天，诅咒自己的时运，顾影自怜。我但愿，愿胸怀千般心愿，愿有颜如玉，有三朋六友相周旋；愿有才华盖世，有