2022年高考英语真题之全国甲卷阅读理解D篇

1、2022年高考英语真题之全国甲卷阅读理解D篇2022年高考英语全国卷试题评析（摘要）2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔 要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是核心，平稳是关键” 的原那么，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关 键能力，进一步加强对学生德智体美劳全面开展的引导，加强教考 衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。1.3关注时代开展，引导培养核心素养英语科试卷通过选择具有时代特征的语篇，倡导学生养成独立 思考的学习习惯，培育乐于探究的科学精神，构建友好互助的人际 关系。英语科试卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、 新媒

2、体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具 有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主 动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通 中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言开展的研究及与捉 迷藏相关的儿童心理开展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究 的兴趣；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究工程、勇救坠楼儿童、修 复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。语篇解读Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can lea

3、rn to live healthier lives. Growing food in a community brings people together,she continues, “Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration示范）to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growin

4、g food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost（月匕料）made from food waste.Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels. In winter, the green house use a geothermal（土也热）system.

5、Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.“I like eating the vegetables “says five-year-old Owen Moss.What is mainly talked about in the passage?Eco City Farms save a lot of e

6、nergy.Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better.Eco City Farms are influencing community life.Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT.shopping centerscar repair shopsfast-food restaurantsworking-class communityW

7、hat is the authors attitude toward Eco City Farms?A. Doubtful. B. Disappointed.C. Surprised. D. Enthusiastic（热心的）.Eco City Farm gets its power fromlocal electricity networksthe sun with solar panelsthe green housea geothermal system32-35 DCDB【解题导语】这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场在美国的城市乡 村越来越受欢迎，它如何运作，给环境带来的好处。.D考查主旨大

8、意题。根据第一段的句子：Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.可知生态城市农场在美国的城市乡村越来越受欢迎。应选Do. C 从第一段的句子：Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community.Maryland位于购物中心、汽车修理店和 住宅区附近，邻居是劳动阶级团体。由此判断A、B

9、、D都是对的， 应选Co.D考查判断推理题。A.Doubtful怀疑的;B. Disappointed 失望的;CSurprised吃惊的;D.Enthusiastic（热心的）。从字里行 间，特别是第三段的句子;Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration （范例）to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.我们在这里做的每一件事是向人们展 示关于如何拥有一个生态美好的社区的范例。可知作者对生态城市 农场是很有热情的。应选D。.B考查细节理解题

10、。这篇文章介绍的是生态城市农场，这 是以环保为理念的农场。根据文章第五段的Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels 生态环保 农场是一个试验操作。农场不是从当地的发电网络中获得电力，而 是从太阳能板上获取太阳能。A. local e加ctricity networks当地的 发电网络；B. the sun with solar panels带有太阳能

11、板的太阳能； C. the green house 绿色家园；D. a geothermal system 地热系统。 应选B。32-35-2【基础】Youve flown halfway around the world; youve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wo

12、oden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, d

13、own the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. Its what this place offers, and its free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline see

14、m to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.Its early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what youd like to eat this evening. Before long hes rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that

15、 you ordered-every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. Theres no street noise. The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings （福祉），listing them in the sand with your toe （脚趾）. You dont

16、have to worry about being late for work. You dont have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon （地平线）, slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your righ

17、t; its unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.Normally youre the type who cant sit still for more than ten minutes, but youre on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches a

18、ll the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it?” you wonder.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach,.he found it unworthwhilehe failed to sort himself outhe became sensitive to smellhe had difficulty in finding itWhat is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?No me

19、nu.Free food.Self service.Quick delivery.In the authors opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he.A. sits in a beach chairforgets his daily routineplans a detailed scheduledraws pictures in the sandWhat does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?He shouldnt have co

20、unted his blessings.He should have understood the wonder of nature.He shouldnt have spent so much time on the trip.He should have come to the place earlier.32-35 DABD32-35-3【巩固】One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that rec

21、eive the holiday-makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as the last paradise （天堂）on earth.However, the scale and speed of this

22、growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Those countries with little experience of tourism

23、can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday

24、-makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only the environment of a country can suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes

25、 way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organisation; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasnt happier in h

26、is village workinghis own land.Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support

27、from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important

28、 that those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies, if not, in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph

29、 1?The Pacific island is a paradise.The Pacific island is worth visiting.The advertisement is not convincing.D. The advertisement is not impressive.The example of Nepal is used to suggest.its natural resources are untouchedits forests are exploited for farmlandit develops well in health and educatio

30、nit suffers from the heavy flow of touristsWhat can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?They are happy to work their own lands.They have to please the tourists for a living.They have to struggle for their independence.They are proud of working in multi-national organizations.Which of the fol

31、lowing determines the future of tourism?A. The number of tourists. B. The improvement of services.C. The promotion of new products. D. The management of tourism.The authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is.A. optimistic B. doubtful C. objective D. negative关键词Sydney, cultur

32、ally diverse, progress, tradition, confused, combination主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了悉尼在传统与现代的碰 撞中开展及不同身份的人的观点态度。百科知识ferryboat渡船，主要用于载运旅客、货物等渡过江 河、湖泊。渡船是一种短程运输船舶，船体结构简单， 具有良好的操纵性、稳定性。catamaran双体船，是指在两个别离的水下船体上部 用加强构架连接成一个整体的“船舶”。两个船体内各设 一部主机和一个推进器。具有稳定性好、安全舒适和操 纵灵活等优点，常用作中、小型客船和渡船，但结构复 杂，摇摆周期短，中间体结构较弱。不宜远洋航行。原

33、文出处网站链接语言知识重难点词significant adj 学术词有重大意义的,显者的;discove r v 了解到，认识到；superb adj极好的，绝佳的（近e xcellent） ； pilot v 名词动化领航（船只）；living n 生 计，谋生；shuttle v 新课标删减词频繁往来（于甲地 和乙地之间）；run n航程；part v分别;elegant adj漂 亮雅致的;increasingly adv 派生词不断增加地（incre asing + -ly） ； modernity n 派生词现代（modern + -31-35 CDBDC32-35-4【巩固】How

34、 does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have

35、found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动 物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）,the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are we

36、akly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species b

37、ecomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. I

38、n the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species一including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true

39、. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system woul

40、d tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return.What

41、have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?The living habits of species in food webs.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.What will happen

42、if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?The prey species they directly attack will die out.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.The populations of other species will experience unexpect

43、ed changes.What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.Species of commercial value dominate other species.Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.How does an early-w

44、arning system help us maintain the ecological balance?By getting illegal practices under control.By stopping us from killing large predators.By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.32-35 BDAD【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了借助食物网的数学 模型，科学家们发现

45、了一些食物网运行的关键原那么。科学家们说一 个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。科学家们已经建 立了一个基于数学模型的预警系统，该系统将会发出信号告诉我们 人类活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，允许我们采取措施将生态系统从 边缘拉回来。.细节理解题。根据第一段中 With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.可知， 借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原那么。 应选B。.推理判断题。根据第二段中In the 1960s, scientists pro

46、posed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack.可知，处于 食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数 量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数 量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。应选D。.推理判断题。根据第四段 And unplanned human a

47、ctivities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.可知，无计划的人类活动证明了由顶级掠食者自上

48、而下控 制的想法是正确的。在海洋中，我们大规模捕捞鳄鱼等顶级捕食者， 而在陆地上，我们杀死狼等大型捕食者。这些行为极大地影响了生 态平衡。由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动会极大地破坏了生态 系统。应选A。.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Scientists have built an early-warming system based on mathematical models. Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a break

49、down or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline.可知，早期预警系统 通过发出紧急需要采取预防行动的信号帮助我们维持生态平衡。故 选D。32-35-5【提升】California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees l

50、arger than two feet across has declined by 5() percent on more than 46, 00() square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the

51、number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into

52、 the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a wides

53、pread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees

54、were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause tre

55、es to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.What is the second paragraph mainly about?The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.The increasing variety of California big trees.The distribution of big trees in Cal

56、ifornia forests.The influence of farming on big trees in California.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?Ecological studies of forests.Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.What is a major cause of the water shortage according

57、 to McIntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.What can be a suitable title for the text?Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonWhy Are the Big Trees Important to Californ

58、ia Forests?Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California32-35 ADCA【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30 年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要 因素。Ao主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树 损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，应选AoDo推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfirecontrol has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete

59、 with big trees for resources（资源）.可知，对野火的控制使 得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野 火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。应选D。Co 细节理解题。根据最后一段 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water

60、supply available to trees during the dry season.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致 树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对 树木的供水量。应选C。A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来， 加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因 素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，应选项A。31-35-6【真题】（2015湖南卷）In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the sprin