高考英语专题6+语法填空与短文改错考点回扣第1部分+专题6+第8讲课件

1、专题六语法填空与短文改错考点回扣第一部分核心专题突破 专题六语法填空与短文改错考点回扣第一部分核心专题突破 第八讲定语从句和名词性从句第八讲定语从句和名词性从句全国卷3年考情一览表全国卷3年考情一览表目录Contents项目(一) 定语从句 项目(二) 名词性从句跟踪演练 扫除忙点目Contents项目(一) 定语从句 定语从句是高考考查的重点，也是必考点之一，语法填空主要考查关系代词、关系副词的选用，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。短文改错主要考查引导词的误用。定语从句的重要性还体现在书面表达上，它属于高级句式，对提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。项目(一)定语从句定语

2、从句是高考考查的重点，也是必考点之一，语法填空主要考查关一、如何确定填关系代词或关系副词判定方法依据句子成分，先确定是定语从句还是名词性从句，然后判定先行词，再判定关系词在从句中所作成分，最后确定填关系代词或关系副词。一、如何确定填关系代词或关系副词典例示范典例1(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.答案who/that 解析分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系

3、代词who或that。典例示范典例2(2019江苏卷)We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. 答案when 解析分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，先行词为an age，故用关系副词when引导。典例2(2019江苏卷)We have entere二、定语从句之解题技法技法1寻找先行词，辨别人与物先行词指人时，常用who, whom, that，指物时常用that, which。考题感悟1(2019全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9

4、am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _she opened with her late husband Les. 二、定语从句之解题技法答案 which解析 分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故用which。答案 which2(20196月浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.答案 that/which解析 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从

5、句中作主语，先行词a piece of cloth指物，所以用that或which引导。2(20196月浙江卷)On the edge of t3(2019北京卷)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life答案 who/that解析 先行词为those，指大学生们，所填词引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，故填who或that。 3(2019北京卷)The students benef4(2018全国卷)The Chinese Ministry of A

6、griculture finds that between 2005when the government started(start) a soiltesting program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.答案 that/which 4(2018全国卷)The Chinese Minis解析 句意：中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间，化肥的使用减少到770万吨。2005年政府启动了土壤检测项目，它向

7、农民推荐特定的化肥。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a soiltesting program且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。解析 句意：中国农业部发现在2005年和2011年之间，化肥 5.(2017全国卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.答案 which解析 分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填which。 5.(2017全国卷)Like anything, i技法2判断所缺成分

8、，选择关系词1当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(指人)，that(指人或物)，which(指物)，whom(指人)，whose(指人或物)。2当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别用when, where, why。技法2判断所缺成分，选择关系词3定语从句中用that不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时；(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；(3)当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last等

9、修饰时；3定语从句中用that不用which的情况：(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。They will never forget the persons and things that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。考题感悟1(2018全国卷)Two of t

10、he authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease考题感悟答案 that/which解析 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a study，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。答案 that/which2(20176月浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably go

11、t swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.答案 where解析 分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。2(20176月浙江卷)Pahlsson and her3(2017全国卷)But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows alo

12、ng with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.答案 who解析 此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，指人，从句中缺少主语，故填who。 3(2017全国卷)But Sarah, _4(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporte

13、r答案 when解析 分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰the mid1980s，且从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。4(2016全国卷)But my connection考点一关系代词和关系副词的错用或缺失考题感悟1(2019全国卷)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.考点一关系代词和关系副词的错用或缺失答案wherewhen解析 one afternoon是表示时间的名词短语，后面的定语从句应用when引导。 答案wherewhen2(2018全

14、国卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.答案 whichwhere或which前加in解析 pond是表示地点的名词，后面的定语从句主、谓、宾成分齐全，故用where或“介词which”引导定语从句；表达“在池塘里”用介词in。2(2018全国卷)They also had a s名师点津 确定关系词之“三看”一看先行词和从句之间有无逗号隔开，有逗号为非限制性定语从句，不可以用that引导；二看关系词在从句中所作的成分是主语、宾语、表语(用关系代词who/whom/whose/which/that/as)还是状语(用关系副词wh

15、en/where/why)；三看先行词的属性(是指人还是指物，表示时间、地点还是原因)名师点津 确定关系词之“三看”考点二对限制性和非限制性定语从句关系词的考查牢记指物时that不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用which；指人时whom不能单独引导非限制性定语从句，要用who。考点二对限制性和非限制性定语从句关系词的考查考题感悟1(2017全国卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.答案 that

16、which解析 is on the rooftop of their house是非限制性定语从句，应用which而不能用that引导。考题感悟2(2020湖北宜昌检测)Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later.答案 whichwhom先行词five roommates是人，关系代词在介词之后，应用whom指代。2(2020湖北宜昌检测)Altogether I ha考点三定语从句与名词性从句引导词的错用牢记what不能引导定语从句。做题时，分析句子成分，判定是定语从句还是名词性从句。考题感悟1(2019全国卷)In

17、 the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.考点三定语从句与名词性从句引导词的错用答案whatthat/which解析 先行词environment指物，从句中缺少主语，关系代词用that或which。 答案whatthat/which2(2016四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.答案 whatthat/which或删除what解析 dishes后为定语从句，what不能引导定语从句

18、，此处引导词在从句中作cooked的宾语，故用that或which，也可以省略。2(2016四川卷)The dishes what I 语法填空和短文改错对名词性从句的考查重点是引导词，尤其是对what, that, who的考查。项目(二)名词性从句语法填空和短文改错对名词性从句的考查重点是引导词，尤其是对w一、如何确定填名词性从句引导词判定方法依定义判定从句。名词性从句“语法性”最强，做题时要紧抓其基本定义，并根据引导词在名词性从句中所作的句子成分来确定选用什么引导词。一、如何确定填名词性从句引导词高考英语专题6+语法填空与短文改错考点回扣第1部分+专题6+第8讲高考英语专题6+语法填空与

19、短文改错考点回扣第1部分+专题6+第8讲典例示范典例1(2019全国卷)While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 答案that 典例示范解析分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。解析分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evid典例2(2019北京卷)What student

20、s do at college seems to matter much more than _ they go.答案 where解析句意：学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要。在介词than后用where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。典例2(2019北京卷)What students 二、名词性从句之解题技法技法1缺少状语，用连接副词(when, where, how, why, while, as, if/whether, before, since等)牢记在主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中缺少状语时考虑连接副词(when, where, how, why,

21、 while, as, if/whether, before, since等)，再根据连接副词的含义确定答案。二、名词性从句之解题技法考题感悟1(2018江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.答案 how 解析 在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，空处引导表语从句。根据句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。考题感悟2(2017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing _ she was

22、heading.答案 where解析 句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道去往何方。根据句意可知，此处作地点状语，故用where。2(2017北京卷)Jane moved aimless3(2015北京卷)_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.答案 How解析 句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，故填How。3(2015北京卷)_ we un技法2缺少主/宾/表语，用连接代词(who, which, what, whatever, whi

23、chever, whoever等)考题感悟1(2018北京卷)This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.技法2缺少主/宾/表语，用连接代词(who, which,答案 what解析 句意：这就是父亲教给我的永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。根据句意可知，表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语“教会了我什么”，因此用what引导。答案 what2(2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place

24、 in the bicycle race.答案 whoever解析 空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且空处表示“任何人”，故填whoever，相当于anyone who。2(2018天津卷)The gold medal wil3(2017北京卷)Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.答案 whoever解析 句意：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语；根据句意可知应用whoever(无论谁)。3(2017北京卷)Every y

25、ear, _技法3不缺任何成分，常用that引导同位语从句、宾语从句或表语从句that引导同位语从句、表语从句不作任何成分，没有任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。技法3不缺任何成分，常用that引导同位语从句、宾语从句或考题感悟1(2016天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.答案 that解析 空后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故填that。考题感悟2(2015北京卷)I tr

26、uly believe _ beauty comes from within.答案 that解析 句意：我相信美丽源自于内心。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少任何成分，故用that，也可以省略。2(2015北京卷)I truly believe _技法4it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记当句子作主语或宾语时往往显得“头重脚轻”，故常用it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面。技法4it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句要牢记考题感悟1(2016江苏卷)It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang o

27、n to hope.答案 that解析 It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。It is often the case that通常情况下，为固定句式。考题感悟2(2013陕西卷)It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.答案 whether解析 it作形式主语，所填词引导的从句作真正的主语，引导词在从句中不作成分，但其意为“是否”，故用whether。It remains to be seen whether是否仍有待观察，为固定句式。2(2013陕西卷)I

28、t remains to be s3(2013山东卷)Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.答案 that解析 句中的it是形式主语，空处引导的从句是真正的主语，故用that。3(2013山东卷)Its good to know 考点一that, what, which连接代词的误用that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，what, which作主语、表语、宾语。考点一that, what, which连接代词的误用考题感悟1We should make full use of time to do t

29、hat should be done.答案 thatwhat解析 do后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语。考题感悟2It is cheerful what the teacher have promised them to lengthen the time playing football.答案 whatthat解析 It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，结构和意义都完整，故引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。2It is cheerful what the teac3Its not easy for us to accept the fact which we are

30、going to leave our beloved school.答案 whichthat解析 在名词性从句中that为连词，不作任何成分，而which为连接代词，需要作成分，表示“哪一个”。本句中the fact后为同位语从句，后面的引导词在从句中不作任何成分。3Its not easy for us to acce4When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at which I saw.答案 whichwhat解析 在名词性从句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what

31、表示“的事情”。4When I went to the kitchen t考点二if与whether，that与if/whether的误用whether和if意为“是否”时在宾语从句中可互换，但在其他名词性从句中或出现or not时只能用whether。考题感悟1Im glad to hear if youre coming to Sichuan in August.考点二if与whether，that与if/whether答案 ifthat或删除if解析 hear后为宾语从句，指“我听说你要来”，而非“我听说你是否要来”。答案 ifthat或删除if2They told me whether

32、 these beggars were not worth showing mercy to because most of them cheated people.答案 whetherthat或删除whether解析 told me后为宾语从句，从句内容语义完整，故用that，that可省略。2They told me whether these b3I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to if the milk was hot or not.答案 ifwhether解析 if和whether都可引导名词性从句，表示“是否”，但if

33、受到很多限制，例如不能位于句首，介词后的宾语从句不能用if引导，不能跟or not连用等。3I was in such a hurry that I考点三that, what与连接副词的误用考题感悟1(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.答案 thatwhere解析 介词to之后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。考点三that, what与连接副词的误用2(2016全国卷)My classmates and I are talking about how to do durin

34、g the holiday.答案 howwhat解析 talking about后是宾语从句，从句中do后缺宾语，表示“事情”，故用what引导。2(2016全国卷)My classmates and3(2015全国卷)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.答案 wherethat或删除where解析 此处为宾语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，不能用where，而要用that引导宾语从句，that可省略。3(2015全国卷)After loo

35、king at .单句语法填空1(2020山东泰安检测)He came from a family _ had been rich for at least one hundred years.单句语法填空答案 that/which解析 定语从句的先行词为表示地点的family，但定语从句缺少主语，故填that/which。注意：此处不能用where。答案 that/which易错警示 定语从句中先行词表示地点、时间或原因时，引导词不一定是where, when或why。当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如activity(在活动范围内), relationship(在关系中), point(

36、达到程度), situation(在境地), position(在情况下/境地), atmosphere(在气氛/氛围中), case(在情形之下), stage(在阶段)等，若引导词在从句中作状语，则用where引导定语从句；若不作状语，则用that或which。易错警示 定语从句中先行词表示地点、时间或原因时，引导词2(2020河北衡水中学月考)The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.答案 as/which解析 句意：正如报告中所表明的，在过去的

37、两个月里，这座城市的空气质量有所改善。此处as或which引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句。2(2020河北衡水中学月考)The air quali3(2020四川南充统考)People _ are against these laws feel that their rights are being restricted.答案 who解析 句意：反对这些法律的人觉得自己的权利正在被限制。空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是人，句中已有that则此处只能用who。3(2020四川南充统考)People _4(2019河南洛阳模拟)The native Sich

38、uan pepper was supplemented by Mexican chilis during the Columbian Exchange to form modern Sichuan cuisine, _ dishesincluding Kung Pao Chicken and Mapo Tofuhave become famous around the world.答案 whose解析 此处modern Sichuan cuisine作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作定语，故用whose引导。4(2019河南洛阳模拟)The native Sich5(2019湖南湘潭二模)

39、Shorter hours of sunlight and cooler temperatures also relate to higher rates of depression, _ is linked to an increase in drinking.答案 which解析 空处引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整个句子，故用which。5(2019湖南湘潭二模)Shorter hours o6(2019浙江温州一模)However, people _ have done related researches believe that the full moon affects human

40、 behaviors to some degree.答案 who/that解析 空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词people指人，故填who/that。6(2019浙江温州一模)However, people7(2019山东日照一模)Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures _ were both enduring(耐用) and elegant.答案 that/which解析 先行词是structures，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词that/which引导该定语从句。7(2019山东日照一模)Ancient Chinese8

41、(2019安徽合肥二模)， he preferred to play Go (围棋) _ he believed was full of hows and whys of life.答案 which/that解析 句意：，他相信围棋里充满了生活的道理。分析句子可知，Go为先行词，指物，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。8(2019安徽合肥二模)， he preferred9(2019安徽黄山八校联考)“Storm chasing” is becoming an increasingly popular hobby, especially in the Midwest

42、 of the United States, _ there are frequent storms between March and July.答案 where 9(2019安徽黄山八校联考)“Storm chasin解析 句意：“追逐风暴”正在成为越来越流行的嗜好，尤其是在美国的中西部地区，在三月和七月之间常有风暴。分析句子可知，先行词是the Midwest of the United States，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词 where。解析 句意：“追逐风暴”正在成为越来越流行的嗜好，尤其是在美10(2019福建厦门一模)It has set

43、an example to other museums in our country, most of _ seem to be still living in days gone by.答案 which解析 逗号后是非限制性定语从句，修饰museums，引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。10(2019福建厦门一模)It has set an 11(2015全国卷)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to

44、make the cycle work on most days.答案 how解析 空处引导宾语从句；作状语修饰形容词thick(厚的)应当用副词how。11(2015全国卷)As natural archi12(2019陕西渭南联考)But the truth is _ they still have an influence on our lives today, even if we dont realize it most of the time.答案 that解析 句意：但事实上，他们仍然会影响我们今天的生活，即使我们大部分时间没有意识到。that引导同位语从句。12(2019陕西渭

45、南联考)But the truth 13(2019 河北石家庄模拟)_ makes the written words distinctive is its visual form.答案 What解析 句意：使文字与众不同的是它的视觉形式。主语从句中，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。13(2019 河北石家庄模拟)_14(2019河南名校联盟月考)The biggest one is _ there are not enough lowpriced items.答案 that解析 空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少任何意思和成分，故填that。14(2019河南名校联盟月考)The biggest

46、 15(2019湖北荆门期末)Daisy asked the monkey _ it was doing that.答案 why解析 空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，故填why。15(2019湖北荆门期末)Daisy asked th16(2019湖北宜昌联考)， finds that the potential benefits of classsize reduction “may be greater than _ we observed” if only a few teachers change their teaching to fit the smaller group.

47、答案 what解析 句意：班级规模缩减的潜在好处可能大于我们所观察到的。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作observed的宾语，故填what。16(2019湖北宜昌联考)， finds that 17(2019吉林一模)The ideal nap depends on _ you want from that nap.答案 what解析 分析句子成分可知，在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语，所以用what引导。17(2019吉林一模)The ideal nap de18(2019江西新余一模)After warning him _ he would regret doing it, God made

48、 him to be sold to a tilemaker.答案 that解析 空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，故填that。18(2019江西新余一模)After warning 19(2019山东日照二模)I was very surprised at _ magic these tiny needles are.答案 how解析 句意：我对这些小针的魔力感到非常惊讶。此处是放在介词at后面的由how引导的宾语从句，故填how。19(2019山东日照二模)I was very sur20(2019辽宁抚顺一模)The team concluded _ higher body mass

49、index (体重指数) can cause depression in itself.答案 that解析 空处引导宾语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，故填that。20(2019辽宁抚顺一模)The team concl.单句改错1(2020陕西汉中联测)Translation is a linguistic activity which we use one language to reproduce what is expressed in another language.答案 whichwhere或which前加in .单句改错解析 句意：翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容重新

50、表达出来的语言活动。先行词是activity，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which。解析 句意：翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容重新表2(2020河南郑州一中月考)The products are provided for the school canteen, which we enjoy a healthy diet.答案 whichwhere或which前加in解析 句意：这些产品提供给了学校食堂，在那里我们享受健康的饮食。先行词是表示地点的名词the school canteen，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where或in which。2(2020河

51、南郑州一中月考)The products 3(2020河北沧州联考)Sometimes young people are so mean to others which dont have the money to buy some expensive things.答案 whichwho/that解析 句意：有时候年轻人对那些没有钱买昂贵东西的人是如此的不友好。 others是先行词，指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who或that。3(2020河北沧州联考)Sometimes young4(2020成都七中月考)You can also make some Chinese frie

52、nds, from which you can learn a lot about China.答案 whichwhom解析 句意：你也可以交一些中国朋友，从他们那里你可以学到很多关于中国的知识。先行词指人，从句里介词前置，故用whom引导定语从句。介词前置时，引导词不能用that，也不能省略。4(2020成都七中月考)You can also ma5(2019辽宁阜新摸底)They have set up a useful nature park in Sichuan, where is called “Pandas Home”答案 wherewhich解析 非限制性定语从句的先行词为表示地

53、点的nature park，但从句缺少主语，故用which。5(2019辽宁阜新摸底)They have set u6(2019陕西宝鸡调考)At noon, we played Room Escape, an interesting game what challenges our IQ and teamwork.答案 whatthat/which解析 句意：中午，我们玩了一场密室逃脱的游戏，这是一种挑战我们的智商和团队协作能力的有趣的游戏。先行词是game，引导词在从句中作主语，故用that或which。6(2019陕西宝鸡调考)At noon, we pla7(2019安徽安庆二模)La

54、st weekend I went fishing with my cousins by a river, where was two miles away from my home by bike.答案 wherewhich解析 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是river，从句缺少主语，不能用where引导，只能用which。7(2019安徽安庆二模)Last weekend I 8(2019山东潍坊三模)We sang a few songs, what made him really happy.答案 whatwhich解析 空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，故用which。8(2019山东潍坊三模)We sang a few s9(2019广东一模)I thought she must be very proud of her children, that were able to f