中考九年级英语语法专题研究五、介词（基础知识、例题及练习题）

专题五介词Ⅰ.基础知识ⅰ.命题点1介词的基本用法1.考向1方式介词方式介词可以根据空格后的名词判断所需的方式介词，如：①表示“用某种工具”通常用with；②表示“通过......方式或手段”或交通工具前通常用by；③表示“用某种语言”或颜色、服装前通常用in；④通讯工具或电子产品前通常用on。with，on，by与in介词用法示例with用具体的东西，后接表示工具或身体部位的词withaknife用小刀；withyourhands用你的手on通过，用ontheradio通过收音机；onTV通过电视by用......手段或方式，后接动名词byreadingaloud通过大声朗读；bylisteningtomusic通过听音乐in用语言、声音、原材料等inEnglish用英语；inalowvoice用低音by，in与on表示交通方式：①in/on+限定词+交通工具。例：onhiscar开车②by+交通工具。例：bybike骑自行车；bybus乘坐公共汽车2.考向2方位介词介词含义及用法示例in在较大的地方(国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)inthecity在城市；inChina在中国在周围环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方inaforest在森林里；intheclassroom在教室里on与......的表面相接触onthefloor在地板上；在任何广阔的表面上onthefarm/moon在农场/月球上与线的接触，意为“相邻、紧挨”WuhanstandsontheYangtzeRiver.武汉与长江相邻。at用于较小的场所(建筑物、公共场所等)athome在家；atthestation在车站beside在......旁边Asweenjoyedourcoffee,amanenteredandsatdownbesideus.当我们在喝咖啡的时候，一个人进来坐在我们旁边。over在......正上方，表示两者不接触Wecanbuildabridgeovertheriver.我们可以在河上建一座桥。above在......的上方，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.飞机在云层上飞行。across在......对面Thereisabankacrossfromthestreet.街对面有一家银行。在......各处，遍及acrossthecountry遍布全国along沿着，顺着walkalong/downtheroad沿着路走below在......的下方，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.这件大衣盖过膝盖。behind在......后面Ijusthidbehindmytextbookandneversaidanything.我只是躲在我的书后面从不说话。opposite与......相对，在......对面Thebankisoppositethesupermarket.银行在超市对面。near在......附近Myhomeisneartheschool.我家在学校附近。under在......正下方，表示两者不接触Myschoolbagisunderthetable.我的书包在桌子下面。nestto紧靠......，紧挨着......Thesupermarketisnexttothepostoffice.超市紧挨着邮局。toward朝，向，对着Don’tthrowplasticbagstowardstheanimalsinthezoo.不要向动物园里的动物扔塑料袋。3.考向3时间介词介词含义及用法示例at用于具体的时间点前或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前at6:00在六点；atnoon在正午；atdusk在黄昏；atnight在晚上by表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前bynextMonday下周一之前；bythisafternoon今天下午之前；bynow到现在为止in表示一段时间，用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等前inMay在五月；inthetwenty-firstcentury在21世纪；insummer在夏天；inthemorning在早上“in+时间段”表示将来“......(时间)以后”Theywillfinishtheworkinanhour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。on用于具体某一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上前，星期或节日前onAugust1stlastyear在去年的8月1号；ontheeveningofJune22nd在6月22号的晚上；onthesecondSunday在第二个星期天；onWomen’sDay在妇女节那天from说明开始的时间，谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态Ibegantolearndancingfromfiveyearsold.我是从5岁开始学跳舞的。for表示动作延续贯穿整个过程，for+时间段，主句用完成时，谓语动词需用延续性动词Ihavestudiedinthisschoolfortwoyears.我已经在这所学校读了两年书了。since表示从过去某时直至现在，后接时间点，主句用完成时IhavebeguntolearnEnglishsincesixyearsago.从6年前我就开始学英语了。during在......期间Hewastakentothehospitalduringthenight.他在夜间被送到医院。before表示“在......之前”Washyourhandsbeforemeals.饭前要洗手。after与将来时连用，表示“......之后”，后接时间点与过去时连用He’llarriveattheairportafterfouro'clock.他将在四点钟后到机场。表示“......之后”，后接时间段Ireceivedtheletteraftertwodays.我两天后收到了这封信。4.考向4常见其他介词介词含义及用法示例with随着，由于，表伴随Withthedevelopmentofsociety,peoplepaymoreattentiontotheirhealth.随着社会的发展，人们更加关注健康。有，具有Thegirlwitharedhatisverybeautiful.那个戴着红色帽子的女孩很漂亮。和......一起，和，同Afterclass,Iplayping-pongwithmyclassmates.放学后，我和同学一起打乒乓球。against对抗Ourteamplayedagainstyoursyesterday.昨天我们队和你们队比赛了。反对，违反，违逆fightagainstlaw违法紧靠，倚，碰，撞Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows.当雨点猛烈击打窗户时，本正在帮他的妈妈做饭。across常与go/walk连用，表示“横过，穿过”，着重指从一边到另一边，指从表面通过Whenyouwalkacrossthestreet,youcan’tbetoocareful.当你过马路时，你再小心也不为过。like像......一样Shewaslikeaprincessinafairytale.她就像童话故事里的公主。including包括，包含Thereare10peopleincludingyou.包括你有10个人。about关于，对于abookaboutflowers一本关于花卉的书without不，没有Heleftwithoutsayingany-thing.他什么都没说就走了。as像，如同HespeaksEnglishasanEnglishman.他像一个英国人一样讲英语。作为，当作Youcanusethatglassasavase.你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。for给，对，供(表对象、用途)Wehavesomeinterestingandfunthingsforyouthisterm.这学期我们为你们准备了一些有趣且开心的事情。为了(表目的)forawalk去散步；Canyoutranslatethisletterforme?你能为我翻译这封信吗?支持，拥护Ithinkyou’llbeformyopinion.我认为你会赞成我的观点。因为，由于befamous/knownfor因......而著名就......而言，对某人来说Sheistallforherage.就她这个年龄而言，她个子算高的了。Thereisnoneedforyoutogo.你不必走。向，往(表示方向或目标)IsthisthebusforZhengzhouUniversity?这是去郑州大学的公交车吗?past经过，越过Willyougopastmyhouseonyourwayhome?你回家的路上会经过我家吗?around环绕，在.....周围Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球围绕太阳转。ⅱ.练习题1.MoreandmorepeopleinQingdaogotoworksubwaynow.A.withB.onC.inD.by2.TheDragonBoatFestivalisthefifthdayofMayonthelunarcalendar(阴历).A.inB.onC.atD.by3.ThisisaprivateletterTom.Nobodyelsecanopenit.A.forB.withC.fromD.about4.--WhichisyournewEnglishteacher?--Theyoungladyredoverthere.A.withB.inC.onD.for5.RobertHuntsometimesadvisesthestudentscommonproblems.A.inB.aboutC.withD.for6.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.A.acrossB.belowC.overDthrough7.Awomanstoodthewindow,watchingthechildrenplayinggamesinthegarden.A.byB.throughC.acrossD.on8.Ican’tseeLucybecausesheisthetree.A.aboveB.behindC.besideD.below9.选词填空in，during，against，under，by，before，with，beside，at，without①Inthepicture,hesitsme,lookingveryhappy.②AllroadsleadtoRome.Theroadsarejustyourfeet.③YoucanimproveyourEnglishlisteningtoEnglishsongs.④OurclassaremuchsuretowinthebasketballgameClassThree.⑤Lookout!Lookatthetrafficlightscrossingtheroad.⑥Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Ican’tfinishthetaskontimeyourhelp.⑦Moreandmoreyoungpeoplegoskatingwinter.⑧Weusuallyhavethefirstclass8:00inthemorning.Ⅱ.命题点2介词短语及固定搭配ⅰ.基础知识1.介词与名词的搭配atbirth出生时；athome在家；atnight在晚上，在夜里；attimes有时；atthemeeting在会上；atbreakfast早餐时；atschool在上学；atsea在海上；atpresent目前，现在；attable在用餐；attheageof在......年龄(岁数)；atthebackof在......后面；attheendof在......结尾；atthefootof在......脚下；atthesametime同时；byair坐飞机；bybus坐公交车；byship坐轮船；bytrain坐火车；；bymistake错误地；byaccident偶然地，意外地byhand手工，亲手交付；bythetime到......的时候；bytheway顺便说一下；bytheendof到......结束时；duringtheday在白天；inEnglish用英语；infact事实上；inhistory在历史上；inline成一直线，排队；inlife一生中；inorder整齐，按顺序；inorderto为了；inpublic当众；inperson亲自，亲身；insilence安静地，沉默地；inspace在太空；instyle时髦的，流行的；insurprise惊奇地；intime及时；intown在镇上；introuble处于困境；inahurry匆忙，急忙；inarow一排，一列，一行；inaword总而言之；inalowvoice小声地；inone’seyes在某人的眼睛里；intheend最后；inthedistance在远处；inthefuture在未来；inthestreet在街上；intheway挡道，妨碍；inthisway用这种方法；inthatcase既然那样，在那种情况下；inthefaceof面对(问题、困难等)；inthemiddleof在......中间；ingreatdanger处于极大危险中；onbusiness出差；ondisplay陈列，展览；onduty值日，值班；onfoot步行；onshow展出；onsale廉价销售，出售；ontime准时，按时；onvacation在度假；ontheleft在左边；onone’sown独自；onweekends在周末；ontheright在右边；onthetopof在......顶部onone’swayto在某人去……的路上；outofwork失业；outofsight消失，看不见；outofbreath上气不接下气；toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是；toone’sjoy使某人高兴的是；withpleasure很乐意；withone’shelp在某人的帮助下；2.动词与介词的搭配belongto属于；askfor要求；giveup放弃；knockat敲；laughat嘲笑；lookforwardto期望；lookthrough浏览；turnoff关掉；lookfor寻找；throwat扔向；【注意】：更多短语详见专题八动词命题点63.形容词与介词的搭配beinterestedin对......感兴趣；beangrywith对......生气；bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格；befullof装满......，充满......；befilledwith装满......；【注意】更多短语详见专题七形容词和副词命题点4.固定句型It’stimeforsth.做某事的时间到了Itisadj.forsb.todosth.对于某人来说做某事是......Whatdoessb.thinkof...?某人认为......怎么样?too...to...太......而不能......Thankyoufor...谢谢你(的)......makeitpossibleforsb.todosth.使某人有可能做某事5.其他常见介词短语及固定搭配asfor至于；atfirst起初，起先；atlast最后；atleast至少；atmost至多；atonce立刻，马上；accordingto根据；afterall毕竟；becauseof因为；dueto因为，由于；exceptfor除了；feelsorryfor对......感到抱歉；from...to...从......到......；insteadof而不是；thanksto幸亏，由于；asaresult结果；tostartwith首先，作为开始；withthehelpofsb./withone’shelp在某人的帮助下；ⅱ.练习题17.Thehigh-speedtrainQingdaoandBeijingtravelsfasternow.Thetrainridetakesonlyaboutthreehours.A.fromB.amongC.inD.between18.Everyoneisborntheabilitylearn.A.into；toB.with；toC.on；inD.with；by19.Weshouldbekindtotheoldandtakecarethemindailylife.A.ofB.forC.withD.about20.--Whosedictionaryisthis?--Oh,it’sPeter’s.Hewaslookingiteverywhere.A.atB.forC.likeD.after21.HisopinionsaresimilaryoursbutdifferentJulia’s.A.to；fromB.from；toC.as；withD.with；as22.Ourteamwonthegame.Thecoachwaspleasedeachmember.A.withB.toC.atD.in23.I’msorrythatIwon’tgotoyourpartybecauseIhavetopreparemyexams.A.ofB.forC.withD.on24.Elephantsaregreatdanger,soweshouldsavethem.A.withB.atC.onD.in25.Imagineyou’reYuGong,whatcouldyoudoinsteadmovingthemountains?26.Thanksthegovernment,thepopulationofthepoolisgettingsmallerandsmaller,andtheirlivingconditionshaveimproved.27.Frankisanindependentboy.Hisparentsareproudhim.28.TheprogramI’maSingerisquitepopularstudentsthesedays.Theyoftentalkaboutitbetweenclasses.29.It’snotnecessarytofindafriendwhoisthesameyou.30.Asmiddleschoolstudents,wemustgotoschooltime.31.Graceoftengetsnervousbeforeshegivesaspeechpublic.32.Heleftschoolandbegantoworktheageoftwelve.Hewentthroughmanythings.33.Sarahisverygooddancingandsinging.Shewantstobeanactorinthefuture.34.Wecanlistensomesoftmusictomakeusfeelrelaxed.35.It’sverykind_youtohelpmewithmylessons,becauseit’shardformetolearnthemwell.36.Thebestwayofsolvingtheproblemistokeeptrying.

专题五介词一、完形填空基础题1.Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday.A.onB.toC.inD.of2.Onsunnydays,mygrandmaoftenreadsanovelthewindow.A.byB.forC.withD.from3.XinhuaZidian,ortheNewChineseDictionary,wasfirstpublished1953.A.onB.inC.atD.for4.Ienjoytalkingwithmyclassmatesourwaytoschool.A.onB.atC.inD.under5.--Whatwereyoudoing5p.m.yesterday?--Iphonedyoubutyouweren’tathome.A.toB.atC.onD.by6.ShirleyisstillwaitingherflighttoNewYorkattheairport.A.withB.byC.forD.at二、选词填空基础题from，before，as，for，on，to，by，of，in，with7.It’sveryimportantustomakeaplanbeforeanewtermbegins.8.Icangooutonschoolnights,butIhavetobeback9o’clock.9.Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgothereplanejustnow.10.TheusedcarboughtbyPeterlooksthesameanewone.11.Ireallyfeelthatcountrymusicbringsmehappiness.ItisbecauseofcountrymusicthatIfeelmylifeisfullsunshine.12.MissChenisourEnglishteacher.Shealwaystalkstouswithasmileherface.13.Thepostofficeisacrossthestation.Andyoucan’tmissit.14.Thegovernmentprovideshomelesspeoplenicehouses.三、语法填空奥运会马拉松运动员YukoArimoriYukoArimoriisanOlympicmarathonrunner.Shewasborn15.Japanin1966.Atfirst,Arimorihaddifficultyin16.(walk)becauseofaproblemwithherlegs.Otherchildrenmadefun17.her.Hergymteacherhelpedhertogainconfidence,andArimorilearned18.trynewthings,suchasrunningtrack.19.hardwork,shebecameoneofthebesthighschoolrunnersinhercity.Eventually,ArimoritriedtojoinatoptrackteaminJapan.Whenaspot(地点)opened20.am