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DETERMINER
-DETERMINER
-1Warming-upexerciseMyhandwashurt.Couldyoudo______typingforme?a.someb.manyc.suchd.anyMostEnglishpeoplegotoSpainforthesea,thesunandallthe______thingsassociatedwitharelaxingholiday.a.anyb.anotherc.somed.other______boxerwasstrong,but______hadagoodbuildandwaslightonhisfeet.a.Either/everyb.Neither/eachc.Both/bothd.Allthe/allWehad______goodtimethatwehatedtoleavetheparty.a.suchab.suchc.sod.prettyForyoungpeople,Carpenteris______singer.a.mosttheirpopularb.mostpopularoftheirsc.theirmostpopulard.mostpopularoftheir______feelsentitledtomoreinlifethanjusthousework.a.Manywomenb.Alotofwomanc.Manyawomand.Afewwoman
-Warming-upexerciseMyhandwas2
英语的限定词包括:定冠词(DefiniteArticle),不定冠词(IndefiniteArticle),零冠词(ZeroArticle)物主限定词(PossessiveDeterminer):my,your,his,her,our,your,their,one’s,its名词属格(GenitiveNoun):John’s,myfriend’s指示限定词(DemonstrativeDeterminer):this,that,these,those,such关系限定词(RelativeDeterminer):whosewhich-英语的限定词包括:定冠词(DefiniteArti3疑问限定词(InterrogativeDeterminer):what,which,whose不定限定词(IndefiniteDeterminer):no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another基数词(CardinalNumeral)和序数词(OrdinalNumber)倍数词(MultiplicativeNumeral)和分数词(FractionalNumeral)量词(Quantifier):alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamount/quantityof,agreat/large/goodnumberof等。-疑问限定词(InterrogativeDeterminer43.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系3.2限定词与限定词的搭配关系3.3若干限定词用法比较3.4
冠词的使用-3.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系3.2限定词与限定词的搭5(1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如the,some,any,no,other,whose以及my,your等物主限定词和名词属格(John’s,myfriend’s)等能与三类名词搭配。例如:thebookthebooksthemoneymybookmybooksmymoneymyfriend’sbookmyfriend’sboodsmyfriend’smoneyanybookanybooksanymoneysomebooksomebookssomemoneynobooknobooksnomoneytheotherbooktheotherbookstheothermoneywhosebookwhosebookswhosemoney-(1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the,s6(2)只能与名词单数搭配的限定词
有些限定词如a(n),one,another,each,every,either,neither,manya,sucha等只能与单数名词搭配。例如:
eachworkereverystudenteitherbookneithersentenceanappleonecopyanotherbookmanyabooksuchabook(3)只能与复数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如both,two,three,anothertwo/three,many,(a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberof等只能与复数名词搭配。例如:
bothworkers(a)fewwordsseveralstudentsthese/thosebooksanumberofessaystwo/threevisitorsmanystudentsanothertwostudents-(2)只能与名词单数搭配的限定词-7(4)只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如a(little)bitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little,much,less,(the)least等只能与不可数名词搭配。
abitofwateralargeamountofmoneymuchnoise(a)littlespacelessoil(the)leastoil(5)能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext等既可与单数名词搭配,也可与复数名词搭配。例如:
thefirstrosethefirstrosesthelastmanthelastmenthenextmeetingthenextmeetings-(4)只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词-8(6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如this,that等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:
this/thatjobthis/thatwork(7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词
还有些限定词如alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,more,most,such,other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:-(6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词(7)能与复数名词9alotofbooksalotofmoneylotsofchickenslotsoffoodplentyofchairsplentyofwaterenoughcopiesenoughcoalmorearticlesmoretimemostpeoplemostworksuchmensuchbreadothermenotherbread
这一类限定词也可以包括less和(the)least。如前所述,less和least通常只与不可数名词搭配,但在现代英语的非正式语体中,间或也可与复数名词搭配。例如:
Lessandlesspeoplecanaffordtogoabroadfortheirholidays.PoliticalprogrammesonTVattracttheleastviewers.-alotofb10EXERCISES3.1A1.Whyisthere__trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay?A.lessB.fewerC.fewD.little2.Onaccountofthetyphoon__shipmentwillarrivethisweek.A.neitherB.allC.bothD.these3.Haveyougot__copiestogoround?A.theotherB.enoughC.alittleD.much4.There’s__waterinthebottle.A.fewB.anumberofC.plentyofD.any5.Thereis__ironinthisminethaninthatone.A.muchB.agreatdealofC.lessD.alotof6.Hewrote__essaysonVictoriannovelsinhisclass.A.thenextB.themostC.theotherD.themore7.Hehaspublished__shortstoriesinEnglish.A.agreatamountofB.anumberofC.anotherD.manya8.Wehad__rainfallslastsummer.A.toomuchB.littleC.alittleD.onlyseveral9.__carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.A.MuchB.LittleC.AlittleD.Afew10.Thestudentsspent__theirtimeworkinginthefields.A.bothB.mostC.moreD.halfAABCCBBDCD-EXERCISES3.1A1.Whyisthere__11
在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为:(1)中位、前位、后位限定词
按照限定词和限定词之间的不同搭配位置,限定词可分为中位限定词(CentralDeterminer)、前位限定词(Predeterminer)和后位限定词(Postdeterminer)。
a)中位限定词包括a(n),the,zero;this,that,these,those;my,your,等;Mary’s,myfriend’s;some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough;what(ever),which(ever),whose等。
-(1)中位、前位、后位限定词按照限定词和12b)前位限定词包括all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes等;one-third,two-fifths等;what,such(a/an)等。
c)后位限定词包括one,two,three等;first,second,third等;next,last,other,another等;many,much,(a)few,(a)little,fewer,(the)fewest,less,(the)least,more,most;several,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreat/large/goodnumberof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamountof;such等。-b)前位限定词包括all,both,half;double13(2)三类限定词搭搭配关系
如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词,其搭配关系总是按照“前位——中位——后位”的顺序排列。例如:
all
the
fourteachersall
your
threebooks
前中后前中后
all
these
last
fewdays
前中后后
如果只有上述两类限定词,其搭配关系仍按上述顺序。例如:
halfhislecturethose
last
fewmonths
前中中后后
-(2)三类限定词搭搭配关系如果一个名词词组带有上述三类14
several
hundredguestsall
otherstudents
后后前后
suchamisfortunesome
suchalloy
前中中后
有上述诸例可以看出,中位限定词和前位限定词之间是相互排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以,“我的那本书”不是mythatbook而是thatbookofmine,因为my和that同是中位限定词,不可并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制。例如:
his
last
twobooksthe
firsttwochapters
中后后中后后
three
other
twogirlstwo
moresheets
后后后后后
-severalhundredguests15
个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限定词,又可归入后位限定词。由于它只是在sucha...和suchan…这样的搭配中属于前位限定词,而在与其他限定词(some,any,no,all,few,another,other,many,one,two等)搭配时,such则是后位限定词,一律放在上述这些限定词的后面,如somesuch,anysuch,nosuch,fewsuch,onesuch等,因此把它归入后位限定词。-个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限16
EXERCISES3.2A
Chooseanappropriatecombinationofdeterminerstofillineachblank:1.Hediditin__timeittookme.A.theone-thirdB.halfaC.thedoubleD.one-thirdthe2.Isaw__boysatthecinema.A.thebothB.manyaC.boththeD.theseveral3.__candidatesaregirls.A.HalftheB.ThehalfC.TheirhalfD.Halfa4.__friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.A.HissomeB.HismanyC.ManyhisD.SomehisDCAB-EXERCISES3.2AChooseanapp175.__alloymaybeusedtoreplacecopper.A.SuchaB.SomesuchC.SuchsomeD.Severalsuch6.Areyougoingtobuy__rice?A.alltheseB.theseallC.allthisD.boththese7.__dictionaryisenoughforme.A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha8.__factorsshouldbeconsidered.A.TheseallB.SuchallC.AllsuchD.Somethese9.__meatistainted.A.Thatone-thirdB.One-thirdthatC.SuchaD.Fewsuch10.__caseshavebeenreported.A.SuchfewB.SuchsomeC.FewsuchD.SometheseBCBCBC-5.__alloymaybeusedtorep18TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish,usingappropriatedeterminers:1.开凿隧道需要大量劳动力(labor)。
1.Todigatunnelwillneedagreatamountoflabor.2.少说空话(emptytalk)多干实事(practicalwork)。2.Theremustbelessemptytalkbutmorepracticalwork.3.今天参观展览会的人数比昨天少。
3.Therearefewerpeopletodayattheexhibitionthanyesterday.
4.安娜(Anna)因为没有足够的钱财而烦恼丛生。
4.Annahasenoughworriesbecauseshehasn’tgotenoughmoney.
5.你读的诗(poetry)和做的练习(exercises)都比我多。
5.YouhavelearntmorepoetryanddonemoreexercisesthanIhave.
-TranslatethefollowingintoE19(1)many,much,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等
表示“多”的意思,可用many,much,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agood/greatmany,alargeamountof等。作为限定词many和agood/greatmany之后须跟复数名词:much和alargeamountof之后须跟不可数名词。例如:
Manyanimalshavediseases.
MuchinformationisnowtransmittedthroughE-mail.Wehaveagreatmany
questionstodiscussatmeeting.Wearegoingtospendalargeamountof
moneyonchildren’seducation.
-(1)many,much,alotof,lotsof,20many,much,agreatmany等既可用作限定词,也可用作不定代词。例如:
Haveyoudonealltheseexercises?
-No,Ihaven’tdoneverymuch.HasshereadanyEnglishnovelsintheoriginals?
-Yes,agreatmany.Hashespentmuchmoneyonthehouse?
-
Oh,alargeamount.
-many,much,agreatmany等既可用作限定词21many,much可以带有how/too/so/as...as等修饰语。例如:
Iwanttoknowhowmuchmoneywillbespentontheproject.
Howmanycopiesdoyouneedforyourclass?
Ihave
(far)toomanybooksontheshelf.Wehavehad
toomuchraininthespring.It’sreallysurprisingthattheboyshouldhavesomuchstrengthathisage.Youcantakeasmanycopiesasyouneed.
-many,much可以带有how/too/so/as...22(2)(a)few,(a)little
表示“少”的意思,可用(a)few,(a)little,既可用作限定词,也可用作不定代词。afew,alittle表示“少量”,带有肯定含义。例如:
Let’sinviteafewfriendstocomewithus.Thereareonlyaveryfewleft.Ihadalittledifficultyinsolvingtheproblem.Giveme
alittleofthatwine.IamtryingtousethelittleFrenchIhavejustlearnt.-(2)(a)few,(a)little表示“少23
few/little若不与a连用则表示否定意义,相当于notmany/much,notenough。例如:
Ihaveveryfew(chocolates)left.Iunderstand
littleofhisspeech.
★要注意,quiteafew,agoodfew,notafew不表示“少”,而表示“相当多”的含义,相当于afairnumber(of)。例如:
Quiteafewofusaregettingworried.Youwillhavetowaitagoodfewweeks.little的比较级和最高级是less和lest,通常只能与不可数名词搭配,但在当代英语中也有用less与复数可数名词搭配的。例如:
Ifonlytherewerelessholesintheroof.但这只见于非正式语体中;在正式语体中仍以用fewer为好。-
24
(3)some,any
要表示“一些”的意思,可用some,any。some是肯定词(AssertiveWord),常用于肯定句:any是非肯定词(NonassertiveWord),常用于否定句或疑问句。例如:
Therearesomelettersforme.Therearen'tanylettersforme.Arethereanylettersforme?Iseldomgetanysleepthesedays.
any也常用于条件分句以及带有否定意义的句子中:
Ifyouhaveanytrouble,pleaseletmeknow.Iforgottoaskforanychange(零钱).-(3)some,any要表示“一些25
当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也可用于疑问句,比如当说话人期待来信时,他可以问到:
Aretheresomelettersforme?
当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用some:
CouldIhavesomeoftheseapples?Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake?
当some与单数可数名词搭配时,some相当于acertain(“某一”)的含义;而any与单数可数名词搭配,则相当于every(“任何一个”)的含义。例如:
Someboyhasbrokenawindow.
Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.
-当说话人期待肯定回答时,some也可用于疑问句,比26(4)all,both,every,each,either,neither,any
这一类词,除every只能作为限定词外,都是既可作为限定词,也可作为不定代词。例如:all(of)theboysboth(of)theboyseveryboy/everyoneoftheboyseachboy/either(one)oftheboyseitherboy/either(one)ofthe(two)boysneitherboy/neither(one)ofthe(two)boysanyboy/any(one)ofthe(threeormore)boys-(4)all,both,every,each,either,27
由上述诸例可以看出,这一类的限定词和不定代词在用法上有以下值得注意之处:
a)表示“全体”,可用all和both,但all表示三个或三个以上人或物的“全体”,而both则表示两个人或物的“全体”。例如:
Allthefourapplicationsarebelowtheaverage.Bothhisparentsareagainsthisgoingtherealone.
如果要表示“全体都不”的意思,当“全体”为三个或更多的人或物时,通常用none。例如:Noneof
thestudentsfailedtheexamination.I’llhavenoneofyourstupidideas.(我不能接受你的那些糊涂观念。)-由28
在上述第一例中,既可用none,也可用noone:
Noonefailedtheexamination.
★但noone只能指人,不能指物。如果要表示两个人或物“都不”,通常要用neither:
Neitherstudent/Neither(one)ofthe(two)studentsfailedtheexamination.
b)表示全体中的“每个”,如果这个“全体”包含三个或更多的人或物,通常用every。例如:
Everystudentintheclasstookpartintheperformance.Hiseveryactionshowsthatheisaverydeterminedyoungman.-b)表示全体中的“每个”,如29
如果这个“全体”包括两个或两个以上的人或物,便可以用each。例如:
Eachsideofthestreetwascrowdedwithpeople.
在这里,不可以用every。如果说“
广场的每一边都挤满了人“,那就既可用each也可用every:
Each/Everysideofthesquarewascrowdedwithpeople.
every与each的区别还在于every指许多人或物中的“每个”,侧重在全体,近乎all的含义。例如:
Everystudentfailedtheexamination.=Allthestudentsfailedtheexamination.
而each则指许多人或物中的“各个”,侧重在个别。例如:
Eachchildwillfindhisownpersonalroadtosuccess.-如果这个“全体”包括两个或两个以上的人或物,便可以用e30
c)表示全体中的“任何一个”,也要看这个“全体”包含三个或更多,还是只包含“两个”。当“全体”包含三个或三个以上,要表示其中任何一个须用any。例如:
Any(=Every)childwouldknowthat.Hisgiftwasunknowntoany(ofthem)excepthimself.
当“全体”只包含两个时,要表示其中任何一个须用either。例如:
TherearetwoflightsforBeijinginthemorning.Youcantakeeither
(one).
但在oneitherside,oneitherend等固定词组中有时可以兼指两个。例如:
Therearewarehousesoneithersideof
theriver(=onbothsidesoftheriver).-c)表示全体中的“任何一个”,也要看这个“全体31EXERCISE3.3
Fillintheblankswithappropriatedeterminersorcorrespondingindefinitepronounssemanticallyrelatedtoquantity:1.A:Doyouneedmoremilk?B:No,thereistoo__________already.2.Ican’topenthislock.Theremustbe_______keythatwillopenit.3.______peoplewillbelieve______storyyoutellthem.4.On_______sideofthestreettherewereassembledalotofsoldiers.5.Whentheshipwassunk,allthesailorsweredrowned,______oneofthem.6.Thepresidentgotdownfromtheplaneandshookhandswith_______onewaitingattheairport.muchsomesomeanyeithereveryeach-EXERCISE3.3Fillintheblank32冠词1、不定冠词a,an的位置⑴不定冠词a用在以辅音音素(并非辅音字母)开头的名词前;不定冠词an用在以元音音素开头的名词前。例如:①Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.②OldHen:Letmegiveyouapieceofgoodadvice.YoungHen:Whatisit?OldHen:Aneggadaykeepstheaxaway.③Tellingliesisafaultinaboy,anartinalover,anaccomplishmentinabachelor,andsecond-natureinamarriedman.⑵An还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面。例如:①anSOSsign②AnLletterisintheword“letter”.-冠词1、不定冠词a,an的位置-332、名词与冠词使用的重要技巧
从名词角度来看,对于名词与冠词的使用,以下几条是核心:
⑴单数可数名词:单数可数名词不能单独使用,必须与冠词或其它限定词连用。
⑵复数名词和不可数名词:对于复数名词和不可数名词,以下两点必须掌握:
1)不能与不定冠词a(n)连用。
2)复数名词或不可数名词在表示泛指时,不可用the。复数名词或不可数名词在表示特指时,要用the。-2、名词与冠词使用的重要技巧
从名词角度来看,对于名词与冠词34例如:
①Lifeishardsometimes.∕Lifeiseducationinitself.∕Thewriteriswritingabookaboutthelife
ofblacksinAmerica.
②Ilovemusic,poetryandart.∕Idon’tlikethefilm,butIlikethemusic(ofthefilm).
③Airisacolorlessandtastelessgas.∕Theairinthisroomisstuffy.Pleaseopenthewindows.
④Booksbecomemoreandmoreexpensive.∕Putawaythebooks
onyourdesk.
⑤Pencilscontainlead(铅).∕Whoputthepencilsonthedesk?
⑥Sugarisn’tverygoodforyou.∕Canyoupassmethesugar,please?
请注意,表示特指的复数可数名词或不可数名词,他们一般带有各种短语或从句作后置定语,以限定这些名词所指的事物范围。-例如:
①Lifeishardsometimes.∕35冠词的用法⑴第一次提到的单数可数名词前面用不定冠词a或an,这一名词再次出现则要用定冠词the:①Amancameuptoapolicemanandaskedhimaquestion.Thepolicemandidn’tunderstandthequestion,soheaskedthemantorepeatit.②Ihadabananaandanapple.IatethebananaandgavetheappletoClint.-冠词的用法⑴第一次提到的单数可数名词前面用不定冠词a或an36⑵在谈到说话人和听话人双方都知道的事物时,要用the。比如在自己家的房间里,我们要说thelight,thefloor,thedoor,thewindow,thecarpet。例如:
①Canyouturnoffthelight,please?(=thelightinourroom)
②Shutthedoor,please!
③Howdoyoulikethefilm?
④A:Doyouneedthecartoday,honey?
B:Yes.Ihavealotofthingstodo.Whydon’tIdriveyoutoworktoday?
C:OK.Butbesuretofillthecarupwithgas.-⑵在谈到说话人和听话人双方都知道的事物时,要用the。比如37⑶表示世界上独一无二的事物:theearth,thesky,theequator,themoon,theworld,theuniverse
⑷形容词或副词最高级、序数词以及only用作形容词加名词连用时,它们前面一般要用the。例如:
①theonly∕bestwaytocopewiththeproblem
②ThisisthefirsttimeI’vecometoBeijing.
⑸在乐器、乐队、合唱团及流行音乐团体前加the。例如:theBeatles,thePhiladelphiaOrchestra,play∕learntheguitar,learnthepiano
注意:运动项目前不用the。如playchess,playfootball(basketball,tabletennis)
-⑶表示世界上独一无二的事物:theearth,the38何时不用冠词⑴表示独一无二的身份前一般不用冠词。例如:①ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland②TheyelectedHenrychairman.③Henrywaselectedchairmanofthecommittee.④HewaselectedPresidentforthesecondtime.⑤Sheischairmanofthecommittee.⑥ForthefirsttimeIamkingofmyself.⑦Electwhomyouchoosetobeking.⑧Mr.Smithusedtobepresidentofourband.-何时不用冠词⑴表示独一无二的身份前一般不用冠词。例如:-39(2)the在一些特殊的名词前省略:
1)nature:泛指自然界(动、植物及无生命物质的世界)。例如:innature
Ifyoudestroynatureyouwillsufferforit.
2)society:泛指我们在其中生活的这个社会,一般不用冠词。例如:insociety
Societyturnspeopleintocriminalsandthenlocksthemup.
3)space:泛指星球之间的空间时,不用冠词。例如:inspace
Manhasjusttakenhisfirststepsintospace.
-(2)the在一些特殊的名词前省略:
1)nature:泛404)man:泛指整个人类时,不用冠词。例如:①Mancanconquernature.
②Fromearlytimesmanhasusedgarlic(大蒜).Throughtheyearsmanhastriedtocopewith(处理)thesmellofgarlic.Butnoherb,mouthwash,chewinggum,ortoothpasteseemstohelpmuch.
③That’sonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapforman.
5)history:泛指人类整个历史时,不用冠词。例如:
①Historymayrepeatitself.
②Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie.-4)man:泛指整个人类时,不用冠词。例如:①Mancan41(3)
在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。例如:
①havesomethingforbreakfast②invitesomebodytodinner③Iwasinvitedtodinner.
若在三餐名词前有形容词时,则一般加不定冠词。例如:Weoftenhaveabiglunchandanicedinner.
(4)
交通工具名词前不用冠词。例如:bybicycle,byboat,bycar,byplane,bytrain,bymetro(subway,tube)等。
但若用介词on,则须用冠词。onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheboat(特别注意:onfoot步行,不加冠词。)-(3)在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。例如:
①havesom42LectureFourGrammarpresentationby3rdgroupIn-classexercisesPreviewingPronoun(代词)-LectureFourGrammarpresentat43Thankyou!-Thankyou!-44DETERMINER
-DETERMINER
-45Warming-upexerciseMyhandwashurt.Couldyoudo______typingforme?a.someb.manyc.suchd.anyMostEnglishpeoplegotoSpainforthesea,thesunandallthe______thingsassociatedwitharelaxingholiday.a.anyb.anotherc.somed.other______boxerwasstrong,but______hadagoodbuildandwaslightonhisfeet.a.Either/everyb.Neither/eachc.Both/bothd.Allthe/allWehad______goodtimethatwehatedtoleavetheparty.a.suchab.suchc.sod.prettyForyoungpeople,Carpenteris______singer.a.mosttheirpopularb.mostpopularoftheirsc.theirmostpopulard.mostpopularoftheir______feelsentitledtomoreinlifethanjusthousework.a.Manywomenb.Alotofwomanc.Manyawomand.Afewwoman
-Warming-upexerciseMyhandwas46
英语的限定词包括:定冠词(DefiniteArticle),不定冠词(IndefiniteArticle),零冠词(ZeroArticle)物主限定词(PossessiveDeterminer):my,your,his,her,our,your,their,one’s,its名词属格(GenitiveNoun):John’s,myfriend’s指示限定词(DemonstrativeDeterminer):this,that,these,those,such关系限定词(RelativeDeterminer):whosewhich-英语的限定词包括:定冠词(DefiniteArti47疑问限定词(InterrogativeDeterminer):what,which,whose不定限定词(IndefiniteDeterminer):no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another基数词(CardinalNumeral)和序数词(OrdinalNumber)倍数词(MultiplicativeNumeral)和分数词(FractionalNumeral)量词(Quantifier):alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamount/quantityof,agreat/large/goodnumberof等。-疑问限定词(InterrogativeDeterminer483.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系3.2限定词与限定词的搭配关系3.3若干限定词用法比较3.4
冠词的使用-3.1限定词与三类名词的搭配关系3.2限定词与限定词的搭49(1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如the,some,any,no,other,whose以及my,your等物主限定词和名词属格(John’s,myfriend’s)等能与三类名词搭配。例如:thebookthebooksthemoneymybookmybooksmymoneymyfriend’sbookmyfriend’sboodsmyfriend’smoneyanybookanybooksanymoneysomebooksomebookssomemoneynobooknobooksnomoneytheotherbooktheotherbookstheothermoneywhosebookwhosebookswhosemoney-(1)能与三类名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如the,s50(2)只能与名词单数搭配的限定词
有些限定词如a(n),one,another,each,every,either,neither,manya,sucha等只能与单数名词搭配。例如:
eachworkereverystudenteitherbookneithersentenceanappleonecopyanotherbookmanyabooksuchabook(3)只能与复数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如both,two,three,anothertwo/three,many,(a)few,several,these,those,a(great)numberof等只能与复数名词搭配。例如:
bothworkers(a)fewwordsseveralstudentsthese/thosebooksanumberofessaystwo/threevisitorsmanystudentsanothertwostudents-(2)只能与名词单数搭配的限定词-51(4)只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如a(little)bitof,alargeamountof,agreatdealof,(a)little,much,less,(the)least等只能与不可数名词搭配。
abitofwateralargeamountofmoneymuchnoise(a)littlespacelessoil(the)leastoil(5)能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词
有些限定词如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext等既可与单数名词搭配,也可与复数名词搭配。例如:
thefirstrosethefirstrosesthelastmanthelastmenthenextmeetingthenextmeetings-(4)只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词-52(6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词有些限定词如this,that等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:
this/thatjobthis/thatwork(7)能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词
还有些限定词如alotof,lotsof,plentyof,enough,more,most,such,other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配。例如:-(6)能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词(7)能与复数名词53alotofbooksalotofmoneylotsofchickenslotsoffoodplentyofchairsplentyofwaterenoughcopiesenoughcoalmorearticlesmoretimemostpeoplemostworksuchmensuchbreadothermenotherbread
这一类限定词也可以包括less和(the)least。如前所述,less和least通常只与不可数名词搭配,但在现代英语的非正式语体中,间或也可与复数名词搭配。例如:
Lessandlesspeoplecanaffordtogoabroadfortheirholidays.PoliticalprogrammesonTVattracttheleastviewers.-alotofb54EXERCISES3.1A1.Whyisthere__trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay?A.lessB.fewerC.fewD.little2.Onaccountofthetyphoon__shipmentwillarrivethisweek.A.neitherB.allC.bothD.these3.Haveyougot__copiestogoround?A.theotherB.enoughC.alittleD.much4.There’s__waterinthebottle.A.fewB.anumberofC.plentyofD.any5.The
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