考研考博-英语-云南民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解_第1页
考研考博-英语-云南民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解_第2页
考研考博-英语-云南民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解_第3页
考研考博-英语-云南民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解_第4页
考研考博-英语-云南民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩371页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南民族大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

ThepolicestoppedmetheotherdayasIwasdrivinghome,becauseIwas()thespeedlimit.

问题1选项

A.transcending

B.exceeding

C.surpassing

D.overtaking

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transcend“胜过,超越”;B选项exceed“超过,胜过”;C选项surpass“超越,优于”;D选项overtake“赶上,压倒”。四个选项都有“超过,胜过”的意思,但表示超速只能用exceed。根据句意“那天我开车回家的时候被警察拦住了,因为我超速了。”所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Topicsforcompositionshouldbe()totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.dependent

C.connecting

D.relevant

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。选项A一般与with搭配;选项B一般与on/upon搭配;选项C可与with和to搭配,意为“与…相连”;berelevantto意为“与…有关的”。选项D符合语境。

3.单选题

Thepresidentoftheboardalwaysgiveshisdirectionsso______thateveryonecanunderstandthem.

问题1选项

A.simply

B.explicitly

C.largely

D.shortly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simply“简单地;朴素地;坦白地”;B选项explicitly“明确地;明白地”;C选项largely“主要地;大部分;大量地”;D选项shortly“立刻;简短地;唐突地”。句意:总统总是使他的方向……,让每个人都能理解他们。根据everyonecanunderstandthem.(每个人都能够理解他们),可推测,要使每个人都能理解他们,总统会让他的方向通俗易懂。结合句意,A选项正确。

4.单选题

()herfamousfamily,VictoriaBeckhambroughtasexyvisionoffall/wintertoNewYorkrunawayshowSundayandconfidedplanstoopenasecondstoreinAsia.

问题1选项

A.Confrontedwith

B.Acquaintedwith

C.Supportedby

D.Cheeredby

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。分析句子结构可知,空缺处为过去分词作状语。A选项Confrontedwith表示“面临,面对”,B选项Acquaintedwith表示“熟悉,了解,与……相识”,C选项Supportedby表示“由……支持”,D选项Cheeredby表示“受到……的喝彩”。由后文关键信息“confidedplanstoopenasecondstoreinAsia”可知,维多利亚•贝克汉姆在时装秀上透露了她要在亚洲开第二家店的计划。由此可知,她受到了家人的支持,因此本题正确答案为C选项。

5.单选题

HefirstreadthisbookbyborrowingitfromhisChineseclassmateatOxford.Andhewassoenchanted.Inordertotranslateit,heevenresignedfromhischairatOxford.

问题1选项

A.contented

B.fascinated

C.frustrated

D.astonished

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.contented(尤指因生活好而)满意的,惬意的B.fascinated入迷的,极感兴趣的

C.frustrated无效的,没有得到满足的D.astonished吃惊的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】enchanted的意思为“着了魔的;极乐的”,在这里指的是看到这本书被深深地吸引,非常高兴和激动,fascinated与之词义相近,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】他第一次读这本书是从他在牛津大学的中国同学那里借来读的,然后就被迷住了。为了翻译这本书,他甚至辞去了牛津大学的教职。

6.单选题

Everymoderngovernment,liberalorotherwise,hasaspecificpositioninthefieldofideas;itsstabilityisvulnerabletocriticsinproportiontotheirabilityandpersuasiveness.

问题1选项

A.futile

B.susceptible

C.feasible

D.flexible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词vulnerable意为“易受攻击的,易受……的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的”;A选项“futile”意为“无用的;无效的;没有出息的”;B选项“susceptible”意为“易受影响的;易感动的;容许……的”;C选项“feasible”意为“可行的;可能的;可实行的”;D选项“flexible”意为“灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的”。句意:每一个现代政府,无论是自由的还是不自由的,在思想领域都有一个特定的位置;它的稳定性易受批评家的影响,与他们的能力和说服力成比例。由题干可知,itsstability(政府的稳定性)与critics(批评家)之间应该是被影响的关系,也就是批评家的能力和说服力越强,政府的稳定性越容易受影响受伤害。由此可知,vulnerable在此处最可能是“易受伤害的”的意思。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

The()ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项origin“起源、来源”,往往与过去的活动、风俗、事件等有关;B选项generation“产生、发生”,通常经过生产、操作等过程;C选项descent“遗传,派生,世系”;D选项cause“原因,因由”,一般指某事件、后果等的起因。句意:那个词的起源虽不为人所知,但肯定不是来自希腊语。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Basedonthe(

)thateverybusinessisnowfreetoformulateitsownstrategyinlightofthechangingmarket,IwouldpredictamarketimprovementintheefficiencyofChinaseconomy.

问题1选项

A.guidance

B.instruction

C.premise

D.eminence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。guidance“指导”;instruction“指令,指示”;premise“前提”;eminence“卓越,著名”。句意:基于任何企业都可以根据市场变化自由确定发展战略这一点,我估计中国经济市场的效率会提高。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Thewoman’sconditioniscritical.

B.Thewomanhasbeenpickingupquitewell.

C.Thewoman’sillnesswascausedbyamosquitobite.

D.Thewomanwon’tseethedoctoranymore.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Well,justkeepyourarmstraightthere.Fine,therewillbealittlepricklikeamosquitobite.OK?Therewego.Ok,Iwillsendthatsampleoffandwe’llcheckit.Ifthesampleisok,wewon’tneedtogoonseeingyouanymore.

W:SoyouthinkI’mgettingbetter?

M:Absolutely.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

【解析】细节题。女士问医生自己是否好转,医生回答当然。

10.单选题

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan()doctoratebytheuniversity.

问题1选项

A.honorable

B.honorary

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的,光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的,名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Ourhotelcan()doublethenumberofguests

participatinginyourconference.

问题1选项

A.ascribe

B.accommodate

C.assert

D.avert

【答案】B

【解析】ascribe指归因于;accommodate指容纳、住宿;assert指断言,肯定;avert指转移。句意:我们宾馆可接纳的顾客人数是你们参会人数的两倍。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Theairportpolicewho______thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项interrogate“审问,质问”,B项shroud“覆盖,包以尸衣”,C项ratify“批准,认可”,D项muffle“蒙住,裹住,抑制”。由police“警察”可知,______thegirl表示“审问那个女孩”。句意:机场警察审问了这个女孩,得出的结论是她是无辜的,不知道毒品的事。因此,该题选择A项正确。

13.单选题

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrentpoliticsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirstranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.

Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthecountrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlastsummer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfromIndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministrationdecidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.

Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowingeconomy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhavemedical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhassuckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyandonalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustmentsinwelfarereform.

ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.ItistheunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblockonegroupfromtheother’sview.

26.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?

27.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?

28.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

29.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Straightforward

B.Wealthy

C.Distant

D.Difficult

问题2选项

A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.

B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.

C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.

D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.

问题3选项

A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschanged.

B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.

C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.

D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.

问题4选项

A.Toentertain.

B.Topersuade.

C.Totellastory.

D.Todescribe.

问题5选项

A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.

B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.

C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.

D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】26.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的“yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswereprojectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond每年的联邦预算赤字预计将永远达到数千亿美元,甚至更高”和“Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchoftheimportanceof‘notleavingasinglepersonbehind’.然而,在这段更紧张的时间里,克林顿强调了‘不让一个人掉队’的重要性。”可推知straitened有“贫困的,困难的”的意思,所以D项difficult“困难的”正确。A项“简单的;坦率的”;B项“富有的”;C项“遥远的;冷漠的”;D项“困难的”,因此D选项正确。

27.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeenindecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.贫困率确实比过去几十年都要低,尤其是对少数群体而言。”可知C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”正确。A项“没有人知道该怎么做。”;B项“没有人被排除在当前的繁荣之外。”;C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”;D项“总统不关心穷人。”,因此C选项正确。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.但我认为,还有另一种力量,使这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。”可推知A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”正确,除A项之外的其他选项文中并未提及。A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”;B项“我们应该更加关注贫困问题。”;C项“良好的经济将很快结束。”;D项“所有人都从良好的经济条件中受益。”,因此A选项正确。

29.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者意图题。结合全文内容可知,这篇文章是作者在阐述为什么现在人们不去讨论“贫困”,和为什么这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。A项“娱乐”,B项“说服”,文章并未体现。C项“讲故事”,不符合。D项“描述”,符合题意。因此D选项正确。

30.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。结合全文知,A项“我们过去比现在更关注穷人。”B项“穷人正受益于今天良好的经济。”未提及。C项“这个国家正在享受经济增长。”,D项“当时的穷人比现在多很多。”从文中的第一段“Before,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?”以前,当我们有了财富,我们就会开始讨论贫穷。为什么现在不讨论了呢?由此可知,A选项符合。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Hehasgiven()excusesforbeinglate;butnoneofthemistrue.

问题1选项

A.number

B.numeral

C.numerable

D.numerous

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他给出很多迟到的理由,但是没有一个是真的。

考查形容词辨析。number数字,号码;numeral数字,数码;numerable可数的,可计算的;numerous很多的,许多的。根据后面句意“但是没有一个是真的”可知D符合句意。

15.单选题

ThelegendaryislandofAtlantiswas()bytheseaanddisappearedwithoutatrace.

问题1选项

A.emerged

B.disclosed

C.engulfed

D.whelmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项emerge“显现,浮现”;B选项disclose“公开,揭露”;C选项engulfed“吞没,席卷,卷入”;D选项whelmed“淹没,用……覆盖”,句意:传说中的亚特兰蒂斯岛被大海吞没,消失得无影无踪。由选项意思和句意可知,C选项符合句意。

16.单选题

Theproducersofinstantcoffeefoundtheirproductstronglyresistedinthemarketplacesdespitetheirmanifestadvantages.Furthermore,theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasfargreaterthanthatforregularcoffee.

Effortsweremadetofindthecauseoftheconsumers’seeminglyunreasonableresistancetotheproduct.Thereasongivenbymostpeoplewasdislikeforthetaste.Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however.Thiswasconfirmedbyoneofmotivationresearch’sclassicstudies,oneoftencitedinthetrade.MasonHaire,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,constructedtwoshoppingliststhatwereidenticalexceptforoneitem.Thereweresixitemscommontobothlists:hamburger,carrots,bakingpowder,bread,cannedpeachesandpotatoes,withthebrandsofamountsspecified.Theseventhitem,inthefifthplaceonbothlists,read“1lb.MaxwellHousecoffee”ononelistand“Nescafeinstantcoffee”ontheother.Onelistwasgiventoeachpersoninagroupoffiftywomen,andtheotherlisttothoseinanothergroupofthesamesize.Thewomenwereaskedtostudytheirlistsandthentodescribe,asfarastheycould,thekindofwoman(“personalityandcharacter”)whowoulddrawupthatshoppinglist.Nearlyhalfofthosewhohadreceivedthelistincludinginstantcoffeedescribedahousewifewhowaslazyandapoorplanner.Ontheotherhand,onlyonewomanintheothergroupdescribedthehousewife,whohadincludedregularcoffeeonherlist,aslazy;onlysixofthatgroupsuggestedthatshewasapoorplanner.Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife!Nooneintheothergroupdrewsuchaconclusionaboutthehousewifewhointendedtobuyregularcoffee.

1.Thefactthatproducersfoundresistancetotheirproductdespitethefactthattheyspentmoreadvertisingmoneyoninstantthanregularcoffeeshowsthat(

).

2.Inthisinstance,thepurposeofmotivationresearchwastodiscover

).

3.Thisinvestigationindicatedthat

).

4.Ontheresultsofthistest,theproducersprobablyrevisedtheiradvertisingtoshowa

).

5.Impliedbutnotstated:(

).

问题1选项

A.advertisingdoesnotassurefavorablesalesresult

B.companiesspentmoremoneyonadvertisingthantheyshould

C.peoplepaylittleattentiontoadvertising

D.themoreoneadvertisesthebetterthesalespicture

问题2选项

A.whypeopledrinkcoffee

B.whyinstantcoffeedidnottastegood

C.whyregularcoffeewassuccessful

D.therealreasonwhypeoplewouldnotbuyinstantcoffee

问题3选项

A.50percentofhousewivesarelazy

B.housewiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazy

C.manywomenbelievethatwiveswhouseinstantcoffeearelazy

D.wiveswhouseregularcoffeearegoodplanners

问题4选项

A.lazyhousewifeusingregularcoffee

B.hardworkinghousewifeusinginstantcoffee

C.lazyhousewifeusinginstantcoffee

D.manobviouslyenjoyingthetasteofinstantcoffee

问题5选项

A.Despiteitsadvantages,mostpeopledislikedinstantcoffeebecauseofitstaste

B.Theadvertisingexpenditureforinstantcoffeewasgreaterthanthatforregularcoffee

C.Veryoftenwedonotknowtherealreasonsfordoingthings

D.Tasteistheprincipalfactorindeterminingwhatwebuy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“尽管在速溶咖啡上花了比普通咖啡更多的广告费,但是生产商发现这种商品受到了消费者的抵制,这说明……”生厂商为他们的即冲咖啡做了大量广告然而却没能得到消费者的认可,可以得出并不是所有的广告都能起到预期效果,所以A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在这个例子中,动机研究的目的是为了发现……”。文章第二段第三句提到“生产商怀疑有更深层的原因”(Theproducerssuspectedthattheremightbedeeperreasons,however),由此可以得出这项调查是为了找出为什么消费者不接受即冲咖啡这个产品。选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“这项调查表明……”。文章最后一段提到家庭主妇认为买速溶咖啡证明这个人非常懒惰,不是一个好妻子(Eightwomenfeltthattheinstantcoffeeuserwasprobablynotagoodwife),选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据这次试验的结果,生厂商有可能修改广告的内容,这表明……”。调查结果表明人们不买速溶咖啡的原因是它暗示家庭主妇懒惰或者不会精明持家,所以生产商应该在转变这种暗示上花功夫。选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题目问的是“文章暗示但没有说明……”。文章提到消费者不愿意买速溶咖啡是因为这种咖啡味道不好,却忽略了更为深层的含义:只有懒惰的家庭主妇才会买这种咖啡。选项C符合题意。

17.单选题

Theymadedetailedinvestigationsto()themselveswiththeneedsofthe

ruralmarket.

问题1选项

A.adhere

B.acknowledge

C.acquaint

D.activate

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。此处为固定搭配,acquaintwith意为“熟悉,了解”。

18.单选题

Theelectricshaver()beforeitcanbeused.

问题1选项

A.needsrepairing

B.shouldbeinrepair

C.hastoberepairable

D.mustrepair

【答案】A

【解析】考查被动语态。electricshaver和repair是被动的关系,电动刮胡刀只能被修。A选项need做实义动词时,主语若是物,动词则要用动名词或不定式的被动形式作宾语,故A选项正确。B、C、D选项均没有被动意义。句意:电动剃须刀需要修理才能使用。因此,本题的正确答案是A选项。

19.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparated,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.Booksinfluenceeachother;theylinkthepast,thepresentandthefutureandhavetheirowngenerations,likefamilies.Whereveryoustartreadingyouconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesofideas,andinthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinit;youfindoutaboutyourself,too.

Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonabookthatmeanssomethingtoyou,andrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.

【答案】每本书彼此独立,就像一个个独户住宅,而图书馆里的藏书就好像城市里的千家万户。尽管它们相互独立,但只有互相联系才有意义,家家户户彼此相连,城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。在生活中重复出现的问题也会在文学作品反复出现,但因时代与作品的差异,解决对策也会有所不同。书籍之间也会互相影响,它们联系着过去、现在和将来,并且如同家庭一样也会世代延续。无论从哪里开始阅读,你都会将自己和一个家族的思想联系在一起,长远来看,你不仅能发现这个世界和里面的人,也能在其中发现自我。

阅读只有在你期望它有趣时才会真的有趣。如果你专注于一本对你有特殊意义的书,并且乐在其中,那么你就会体验一段美妙的时光——如果你因为阅读而变得更加善良、聪明、随和或是优雅,那么你就会享受阅读的过程。

20.单选题

IntheUnitedStatestherearemorepeoplewhoareobesetodaythantwentyyearsago.

问题1选项

A.gainfullyemployedt

B.upwardlymobile

C.excessivelyoverweight

D.privatelyeducated

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。obese表示“肥胖的,过胖的”;A项gainfullyemployed“被高薪聘用”,B项upwardlymobile“走向富裕的,走向上层社会的”,C项excessivelyoverweight“过度超重”,D项privatelyeducated“私立学校”。句意:在美国,现在肥胖的人比20年前要多。根据句意可知,只有C项中的weight表示体重,故该题选择C项正确。

21.单选题

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares(

).

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor(

).

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators(

).

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

问题2选项

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

问题3选项

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

问题4选项

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

问题5选项

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

22.单选题

Apervasivenegativeattitudeoftheengineerstowardprojectsfundedbyhiscompanyisthecauseofthedelayofsigningthecontract.

问题1选项

A.pernicious

B.prevalent

C.preventive

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pernicious“有害的;恶性的;致命的;险恶的”;B选项prevalent“流行的;普遍的,广传的”;C选项preventive“预防性的,防备的;防病的”;D选项perpetual“永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的”。句意:工程师们对他们公司资助的项目普遍持否定态度,这是合同迟迟没有签订的原因。本句关键词pervasive表示“普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的”,四个选项中B选项最合适,因此B选项正确。

23.单选题

Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribo-nucleicacid)fingerprintingincriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenearemade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternitywhereitisnotclearwhothefa-therofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprint-inghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.

DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttoproveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.

Thecontroversyin1998stemmedfromareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgenet-icistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.,andDanielL.HartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlyde-terminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatternsmethodsareadequate.

Inresponsetotheircriticisms,populationgeneticistsRanajitChakrabortyoftheUniversityofTexasinDallasandKennethK.KiddofYaleUniversityinNewHaven,Conn.,arguedthatenoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate.InJanuary1998,however,theFederalBureauofInvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsan-nouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions.And,inApril,aNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditationforDNAtestinglaboratories.

1.BeforeDNAfingerprintingisused,suspects().

2.DNAfingerprintingcanbeunreliablewhen().

3.TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod().

4.TheattitudeoftheFederalBureauofInvestigationshowsthat().

5.NationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestancethat().

问题1选项

A.wouldhavetoleavetheirfingerprintsforfurtherinvestigations

B.wouldhavetosubmitevidencefortheirinnocence

C.couldeasilyescapeconvictionofguilt

D.couldbeconvictedofguiltaswell

问题2选项

A.themethodsusedforblood-cellcalculationarenotaccurate

B.twodifferentindividualsofthesameethnicgroupmayhavethesameDNAfingerprintingpat-tern

C.amatchisbychanceleftwithfingerprintsthathappentobelongtotwodifferentindividuals

D.twodifferentindividualsleavetwoDNAsamples

问题3选项

A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividuals

B.isarguablebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApattern

C.isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgenetics

D.istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying

问题4选项

A.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstoconfirmtheunlikelihoodoftwoDNAsamplescomingfromtwoindividualmembers

B.enoughdataofDNAsamplesshouldbecollectedtoconfirmthatonlyDNAsamplesfromthesamepersoncanmatch

C.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstodeterminethelikelihoodoftwodifferentDNAsamplescomingfromthesameperson

D.additionalsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsshouldbecollectedtodeterminethattwoDNAsamplesareunlikelytocomefromthesameperson

问题5选项

A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized

B.onlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting

C.theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkoutstandardsfortesting

D.theacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.此句考查定语从句,空格处应填入关系代词,而先行词是zoologists,因此,正确答案为“who”,C选项正确。

2.句意为:牛津大学的动物学家在对信鸽进行了18个月的后,得出了结论,选项D“study”符合句意。

3.此处需要结合文章倒数第三句“Thescientistsconcludedthatpigeonsuseafamiliarvisuallandmarks(科学家得出结论,鸽子使用一种熟悉的视觉标志物)。因此此处选项B“familiar”正确。

4.本句句意:鸽子会通过熟悉的地标按原路返回家里,以最短的距离直线飞回家。这里D选项“ratherthan”是固定搭配,表示“而不是”。

5.此处句意为:鸽子因其长距离的导航能力而,选项C“known”与“for”搭配表示“因……闻名”,其他选项都不能与介词for搭配使用,故选项C正确。

6.空格处句意:信鸽利用太阳和星星的、它们的内置罗盘以及嗅觉来辨识方向。故C选项“position”符合句意。

7.根据空后的“oronajourney”判断,此处应填入与“journey”并列平行的单词。因此选项B“distance”正确。

8.空格后分句句意:不同的因素会影响鸽子的航行,因此此处是一个转折关系,虽然C选项“otherwise”也有转折的意思,但其后不跟逗号,故选项B“however”正确。

9.空格处句意:当信鸽被放飞到离家近的地方时,它的导航能力似乎会受到不同因素的影响。因此此处应选择A项“when”,表示“当……时”。

10.空格处句意为:当信鸽被放飞到离近的地方时,它的导航能力似乎会受到不同因素的影响。因此此处应填C项home。

11.此处句意为:通过给信鸽安装小型全球定位装置,将它们放到离家几公里的地方做实验,动物行为学家由此得出了。选项C“conclusion”符合句意。

12.句意:给信鸽安装全球定位装置是用来信鸽的飞行位置的,选项D“record”符合句意。

13.此处表达的是:实验应该对每一只信鸽每一次飞行过程中的每一秒进行记录,并且由“everysecond”推断,此处为“per”。

14.此处句意为:在起点进行放飞实验,选项A“same”符合句意。

15.此处句意为:最初的几次放飞实验,信鸽的返回路径与放飞路径,选项B“varied”符合句意。

16.“takeoff”为固定搭配,表示“起飞”。

17.空格前后为转折关系。

18.“flightafterflight”为固定搭配,表示“成群的”。

19.“achainof”修饰后面的“landmarks”表示“一连串路标”。

20.句意:在信鸽返回的途中,高速公路就是。B项“such”正确。

24.填空题

Who(1)youyourfirstChinesecharacterswhenyouwereachild?Anddidyouuseapencil,apen(2)abrushtowritethem?

【答案】1.taught

2.and

【解析】1.语义题。teachsb.sth.“教授某人”,由题干的表示时间的“whenyouwereachild”可知第一个空应填入teach的过去式taught。

2.逻辑分析。apencil,apen,abrush三者是并列关系,用and连接表示列举。

25.单选题

Reading()themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

问题1选项

A.rectifies

B.confirms

C.minimizes

D.furnishes

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正,精馏”,显然并非所有阅读都可以整顿人的思想;B选项confirm“确认,证实”,阅读证实思想也不对;C选项minimize“最小化,使最小化”,也不合题意;D选项furnish“提供,供应”,阅读只为思想提供了知识材料符合题意。句意:阅读虽为我们的思想提供了各种知识,然而只有思考才能将我们所读的内容变成自己的东西。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。

26.单选题

Youprobablyknowthatit'sbetterforbothyouandtheenvironmentifyoubuyanorganictomatoinsteadofonethat7sbeendousedinpesticides,buttherearelotsofotherthingstoconsiderbeforeventuringdowntheaisleofyourlocalsupermark

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论