考研考博-英语-中国戏曲学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国戏曲学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Afriendshipmaybe（

）,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.original

C.superficial

D.critical

【答案】C

【解析】根据句意可知,填空处的内容应该与or后面意思相反且与casual,situational意思相近。句意:友谊可以是浅薄的、随意的、场合性的,也可以是深刻的、持久的。只有选项C符合语境。

2.单选题

Neonisanelementwhichdoesnotcombinereadilywithanyotherelement;becauseofthisproperty,itiscalledan（

）element.

问题1选项

A.expensive

B.adjacent

C.active

D.inactive

【答案】D

【解析】expensive昂贵的；adjacent邻近的；active积极的，活跃的；inactive不活跃的，怠惰的。句意：氖是一种不易与其他元素化合的元素；由于这个属性，它被称为不活跃元素。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however，befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag，andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.RiflethievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing，advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair)，butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_________.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish__________.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe________.

问题1选项

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

问题2选项

A.Meltingsnows.

B.Largepopulation.

C.Steephillsides.

D.Fertilevalleys.

问题3选项

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

问题4选项

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

问题5选项

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。根据文章第一段，“Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.”，可知每座村庄都设有自己的防卫。每个家族都有自己的仇恨，每个部落都有宿仇。无数部落和部落联合体都有自己的理由与其他部落清算。人们不会忘记任何事情，并且有仇必报。所以这里的债务是指宿仇和仇杀。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句，“…arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation…”，可知土地丰饶，只要些许劳作就足以供养稀少人口的物质需求。所以人口并不多。选项B符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“…convenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.”，可知步枪的便捷受到了前所未有的欢迎。这个在1500码远的地方可精确杀死对手的武器给每一个能拥有它的家庭或家族带来了新的希望。所以帕坦人是欢迎步枪这种武器的引入的。选项A符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.”，他们通过威胁恐吓、堡垒、补助等方式来确保这些道路的安全。所以没有减少补贴，可排除选项C。根据文章第三段，“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,”可知英国政府要求沿路周围的人们保持安静，不许相互射杀，所以帕坦部落并没有过着安静的生活，可排除选项D。根据文章第三段最后一句，“Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.”，可知一切斗争都源于这些道路的修建，一系列的争吵并没有结束，排除选项A。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了印度边境的环境和活动，第二段提到了步枪引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了欢迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人对英国政府的不满，并且讲到了帕坦部落对英国政府的修路意图尤其憎恨，这也是一切斗争的根源。由此可见，本文主要介绍了帕坦部落的生活环境，对步枪的喜爱以及对英国政府的憎恶等各方面的内容。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Itmakesme（

）whenpeopledon’tlisten,andthenasksillyquestions.

问题1选项

A.furious

B.generous

C.mysterious

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项furious“生气的，狂怒的”；B选项generous“慷慨的”；C选项mysterious“神秘的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的”。

句意：别人不听，然后问些愚蠢的问题，这让我很生气。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir（）statedoes.

问题1选项

A.current

B.initial

C.modern

D.primitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。current“现在的，最近的”；initial“最初的”；modern“现代的”；primitive“原始的”。句意：人们对未来的期望，相比他们现在的状态，可能对他们的幸福感产生更大的影响。由题干中的future以及than可推知此空应填与future相对应的表示时间状态的词，故A项符合题意。

6.单选题

Hewasamolecularbiologistwithgoodhands,impressiveingenuity,and（

）capacities.

问题1选项

A.intuitive

B.accidental

C.fragile

D.diligent

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词辨析。“intuitive”直觉的；“accidental”偶然的；“fragile”易碎的；“diligent”勤奋的；句意：他是一名分子生物学家，有灵巧的双手、令人钦佩的创造力和直觉判断力。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere

.

问题1选项

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。innoway“绝不”；onthecontrary“相反”；ataloss“亏本地”；ofnoavail“无效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下来是徒劳无功的。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms（）backasearlyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.mustbesent

B.willbesent

C.aresent

D.besent

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这很重要。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Itisessentialthat+从句，从句用should+动词原形的，而且should可以省略。另外，applicationforms和send之间是被动关系，因此，从句动词应该是：shouldbesent。

9.单选题

FossilsarethetracesofplantsandanimalsofpastgeologicalagesthathavebeenpreservedintheEarth'scrust

问题1选项

A.registers

B.residue

C.profusion

D.precursors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。trace意为“踪迹，痕迹”；register意为“注册，登记”；residue意为“残留物，残渣”；profusion意为“大量，众多”；precursor意为“先驱，先锋”。

句意：化石是过去地质时代的动植物在地壳中保存下来的痕迹。

10.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

问题1选项

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

问题2选项

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

问题3选项

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

问题4选项

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

问题5选项

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻译为：欧洲音乐复兴与其说是一套特定的音乐技巧，不如说是一场普遍的文化运动和一种精神状态。可以判断C选项“欧洲文艺复兴是一种包括音乐风格变化在内的文化发展。”正确。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻译为：1855年，历史学家朱尔斯•米歇莱(JulesMichelet)在他的《法国历史》中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化历史学家、艺术历史学家和音乐历史学家采用，所有这些历史学家都在1450-1600年的150年间将其应用于欧洲文化。关键词“eventually”意为“最后；终于”因此可知A选项：音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后才使用“文艺复兴”这个词正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻译为：对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类，而不是灵魂价值。判断C选项“对人类价值的文化强调”正确。

4.细节事实题。A选项“使用宗教主题”，C选项“创作出人们会觉得有吸引力的艺术作品”以及D选项“创作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻译为：艺术家和作家现在转向世俗和宗教题材，力求使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人。可知B选项“只描绘人类经历中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻译为：此外，音乐在这一个半世纪里变化如此之快，尽管在不同的国家以不同的速度变化——我们不能定义一个单一的文艺复兴风格。判断出D选项“在文艺复兴时期，音乐从未长时间保持不变。”正确。

11.翻译题

Anunremarkedconsequenceofournewinformationage—onethatwillinfluencereaders,writers,andpublishersinthefuture—isthatbadwriting,chatspeak,text,millionsofmessageboardpoststhatcomefromandleadnowhere,arehavingacheapeningeffectonallwrittencontent.EditorsandnewsdirectorstodayfretabouttheInternetastheirpredecessorsworriedaboutradioandTV,andallnowseethehugethreattheWebrepresentstothewaytheydistributetheirproduct.

TheideathatthepracticeandcraftofwritingcansimplyretoolitselfforthedigitalageoverlooksthefactthattheWebisgivingrisetototallyuniqueformsofexpression,awritingthatisdifferentfromthekindtraditionallyfoundinbooks.

Forloversofliterarywriting,whoarenowwatchingthemarketplaceandInterneterodetheremainsofnineteenth-centuryprintculture,theseassurancesmaynotbeparticularlyconsoling.Wehavenochoicebuttoacceptthem.Arguingagainsttheforcesofdigitalizationisasmuchalosingbattleascursingthecomingoftheeveningtide.

Butbeforeweinvestourselvestoodeeplyinthisfuture,considerthis:Ifnewtechnologiesexposethebiasesinherentinprintandtext,sotheconverseistrueaswell.Codingskillsarehighlymarketableinthetwenty-firstcentury.We,asacivilization,areduty-boundtoencouragetechnologicalknow-how.

However,beforewemakethemistakeofconvincingourselvesthataknackforwritingsoftwareismorevaluablethantheabilitytosimplywritewell,wemightconsiderlookinganewatthesouvenirthatisthebook.Oneday,computerprograms—theseobjectsofourfascinationandfrustration—willlearntowritethemselves.Andwe’llbeleftwithourideas,howevergrandorshallow.

【答案】信息新时代有一个不太会引人注意的后果，那就是蹩脚的写作。闲聊也好，文本也好，还有留言板上不计其数的跟帖都来无踪去无影，使文字内容大打折扣，对未来的读者、作者和编辑都将产生很大影响。今天的编辑和新闻主管为因特网而苦恼不已，恰如其前辈们担心收音机和电视那样（会抢他们的饭碗）。他们都认为网络形成的巨大威胁会影响自己产品的销路。

有一种观念认为，写作练习及技巧完全可重振写作，以适应数字时代。这种观点忽视了这样一种事实：网络正在引发一些非常独特的表达形式，这种写作完全不同于常见的传统书本模式。

对喜爱文学写作、正目睹图书市场和因特网侵蚀十九世纪印刷文化残余的人而言，这些断言可能并不怎么令人宽慰。但除了接受，我们别无选择。与数字化势力抗辩无疑是一场必败之仗，就如同诅咒晚潮的到来一样徒劳。

但在尚未过深卷入前，我们不妨考虑一下：如果说新技术暴露了印刷和文本的固有偏见，那么反过来也可以说，书面文字极其适合揭示数字时代的短视。编码技术在21世纪极为畅销。随着文明的发展，我们应义不容辞地鼓励掌握技术诀窍。

然而，要是以为编写软件的诀窍比流畅写作的能力更有价值，那就错了。在尚未犯错之前，我们或许有必要重新审视一下历史的纪念品——书籍。有朝一日，电脑编程这一既让人着迷又令人失望的东西将学会自己编程。而我们的思想会被弃之一旁——宏观高论也好，肤浅短见也罢。

12.单选题

Thegreat（）betweentheteamsdidnotmakeforanentertaininggame.

问题1选项

A.disparity

B.discomfit

C.discretion

D.dislocation

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项disparity“明显差异”；B选项discomfit“使难堪”；C选项discretion“自行决定权；审慎”；D选项dislocation“（制度、进程、生活方式）紊乱”。句意：两队之间的巨大（）并没有使比赛变得有趣。Dislocation形容制度等，不能和team搭配，disparity可以和team搭配，也符合生活中因为两个团队的巨大差异让比赛有看点的场景。因此A选项正确。

13.问答题

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

14.单选题

Hewasconstraininghismindnotto（

）fromthelecture.

问题1选项

A.wonder

B.wander

C.cruise

D.travel

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项wonder“想知道；惊讶”；B选项wander“不集中，走神”；C选项cruise“巡航，巡游；漫游”；D选项travel“旅行”。填入一个动词构成不定式做宾补说明hismind“他的思想”，由此可知wander“（因厌倦或焦虑而注意力）不集中，走神”符合题意，句意为：他在限制他的思想不要在课堂上分心。故答案选B。

15.填空题

1washungry,（1）Iwentintoarestaurantandordered（2）food.Thewaiter（3）alongtimetobringme（4）Ihadordered.Whenhefinallybroughtit,he（5）forthedelay.

句意:我饿了，所以我走进一家餐馆后就点了些吃的。服务员花了很长时间才把我点的东西端上来。当他终于端上来时，他就延迟上菜向我道歉。

【答案】1.so

2.some

3.spent

4.what

5.apologized

【解析】1.逻辑分析。空格前后句为因果关系。

2.语义题。somefood表示“一些食物”。

3.固定搭配。spendalongtimetodosth.做某事花了很久。

4.语法题。考查关系代词。what作为关系代词（所…的事物）代替前面点的吃的东西。

5.固定搭配。apologizeforsth.为…道歉。整个句子为一般过去时,因此此处也用一般过去时。

16.单选题

Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.

问题1选项

A.attention

B.focus

C.emphasis

D.word

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.attention注意B.focus关注

C.emphasis强调D.word词语

【考查点】固定搭配

【解题思路】结合选项推测，原句语义为“这个老师非常重视实践”，原文使用的表达为laidalotof____on。C选项emphasis“强调”符合搭配要求，其常用搭配为put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“强调/重视某事”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项attention“注意”，常用搭配为pay/draw/attractattentionto，不符合原句搭配；

B选项focus“关注”，常用搭配为thefocusof/onsth.，不符合原句搭配；

D选项word“词语”，不用于原文搭配。

【句意】这个老师非常重视实践。

17.单选题

Sowhygothroughthe3-to-5year,gruelingandpainfulprocessofgettingadegreewhenyoucanjustgetajobstraightoutofcollegeandgetonwithyourlife,makingasalaryandworkingonstuffthatmatters?

问题1选项

A.arduous

B.hilarious

C.dreadful

D.straightforward

【答案】A

【解析】划线词grueling和后面的painful“痛苦的”都是用来描述获得学位的过程。A选项arduous“努力的；费力的”；B选项hilarious“欢闹的；情不自禁的”；C选项dreadful“可怕的；糟透的”；D选项straightforward“简单的；径直的”。综合分析句意和选项，不难发现A选项“费力的”更合适，C选项过于极端。

18.单选题

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

问题1选项

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:汤姆向书商抱怨这本字典缺了几页。

语法题。考查后置定语。分析题干跟选项可知空格处为动词的现在分词形式作后置定语修饰severalpages,表示“丢失了的”。四个选项中,losing失败的,使受损失的;lost失去的,丧失的,迷路的。这两项一般不放在被修饰词后作定语。Missing丢失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

19.单选题

Justinwasalwaysprepared.Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout:youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullofflatbicycletires,benttennisrackets.Deflatedbasketballs,andgameswithmissingpiecesthatyoucouldbarelygetinthedoor.Hisparentspleadedwithhimtocleanouthisroom.

“Whatuseisafishtankwithaholeinthebottom?”hisfatherasked.ButJustinsimplysmiledandrepeatedhismotto,“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.”

WhenJustinwasawayfromhome,healwayscarriedhisbluebackpack.Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.Itwassowornandstretchedthatithardlyresembledabackpackanymore.Itwasfullofthekindofthingsthatseemedunimportant,butwhenusedwithalittleimagination,mightcomeinhandy.

Justinhadearnedareputationforfiguringthingsoutandgettingpeopleoutofotherwisehopelesssituations.Manyofhisclassmatesandneighborssoughthimoutwhentheyneededhelpwithaproblem.Onthefirstdayofschool,hisfriendKenny,camelookingforJustin.

“Doyouthinkyouhavesomethinginyourbagthatcouldhelpmeremembermylockercombination?”heasked.“Ilostthescrapofpaperitwaswrittenon.IhavescienceclassintwominutesandifI’mlateonthefirstdayit’llmakemelookbadfortherestoftheyear.”Kennylookedgenuinelyworried.

“Relax”,Justinsaid,takinghisbackpackoffandunzippingthetop.“Rememberhowyouborrowedmynotebookinhomeroomtowritethecombinationdown?Well.Iknowhowwecanrecoverwhatyouwrote.”

Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag.ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook.Justinheldthepencilonitssideandrubbeditlightlyovertheindentations.Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite,setoffbythegraypencilrubbings.

“That’samazing!”Kennysaid.“Ioweyouone.”Andhedashedofftoopenhislocker.

1.WhyisJustin’sroomsuchamess?

2.Theword“pleaded”inParagraph1canbestbereplaceby

（

）.

3.InwhatwayisJustin’sbackpackasmallerversionofhisbedroom?

4.HowdoesJustinhelphisfriends?

5.HowcomeJustincouldhelpKennyrecoverhislockercombination?

问题1选项

A.Healwaysforgetstoclean.

B.Heneverthrowsanythingaway.

C.Hehasnotimetoclean.

D.Hesharesaroomwithhisbrother.

问题2选项

A.ignored

B.asked

C.pushed

D.begged

问题3选项

A.Heusesitasaplacetostoreobjects.

B.Heusesittocarryhisbooksandsportsequipment.

C.Hisparentstellhimtocleanitallthetime.

D.He’shadforaslongashecanremember.

问题4选项

A.Heoffersthemadvices.

B.Heloansthemhisbackpack.

C.Helistenstotheirproblem.

D.Heusedtheobjectsinhisbackpack.

问题5选项

A.JustinrememberedKenny’slockercombination.

B.KennyhadleftthescrapofpaperinJustin’sbackpack.

C.KennyhadleftindentationsofthecombinationonJustin’snotebook.

D.Justinfoundthescrapofpaperthelockercombinationwaswrittenon.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。问：为什么Justin的房间很乱，定位到文章第一段第二句Hismottowas“Neverthrowanythingout,youneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy”.Hisbedroomwassofullof…（他的座右铭是“永远不要扔掉任何东西，你永远不知道它什么时候会派上用场”。他的卧室里满是……）可知原因是B“他从不扔掉任何东西”。A项“他总是忘记打扫”，C项“没有时间打扫”，D项“他和他弟弟共享一个房间”，文中均未体现。

2.语义推测题。plead“恳求，乞求”；只有D项“恳求，乞求”与之意思相同，此外根据文章第一段所讲内容，可以知道他的父母是恳求他清理房间，所以此处的pleaded可以用begged代替。A项“忽视”；B项“询问；请求”；C项“推”均不符合。

3.细节事实题。题目问题：Justin的背包以何种方式被看作是房间的缩小版。定位到文章第三段第二句Helikedtothinkofitasasmallerversionofhisbedroom-aplacetostorethemanyobjectsthathecollected.（他喜欢把它想象成卧室的缩小版——一个存放他收集的许多物品的地方）可知答案为A“他把它当作存放物品的地方”。B项“他用它来装书和运动器材”，文章未提及；C项“他父母叫他一直打扫”和D项“从他记事起他就一直带着这个”，均不符合题意。

4.细节事实题。问题：Justin是怎样帮助他的朋友的。定位到文章第七段第一句“Hetookthenotebookandasoftleadpenciloutofhisbag…”（他从包里拿出笔记本和一支软铅笔……）可知他是用他包里的一些东西来帮助他的朋友，因此D“他用了包里的东西”为正确答案。A项“他给了建议”和B项“他把他的包借给了他们”，文中并未提及；C项“他倾听了他们的问题”，文中他不仅仅倾听了他们的问题，而且用行动帮助了他们，故C项错误。

5.细节事实题。定位到文章倒数第二段最后三句ThepagethatKennyhadwrittenonhadleftfaintindentationsonanotherpageinthenotebook…Slowlybutsurelythenumbersofthelockercombinationappearedinwhite…（Kenny写的那一页在笔记本的另一页上留下了模糊的凹痕……储物柜组合的数字慢慢地但肯定地以白色出现）可知答案为C“肯尼在贾斯汀的笔记本上留下了这个组合的凹痕”。A项“贾斯汀记得肯尼的储物柜密码组合”，B项“肯尼把纸片留在了贾斯汀的背包里”，D项“贾斯汀找到了写着储物柜密码的纸片”，均不符合文意。

20.翻译题

1.东风随春归，发我枝上花。

2.只要坚持，梦想总是可以实现的。

3.让几千万农村贫困人口生活好起来，是我心中的牵挂。

4.世界那么大，问题那么多，国际社会期待听到中国声音、看到中国方案，中国不能缺席。

5.经过全国各族人民共同努力，“十二五”规划圆满收官，广大人民群众有了更多获得感。

【答案】1.【参考译文】Thewarmeastwindfollowsthefootstepsofspringblowingtheearth,promptingtheflowersonthebranches.

2.【参考译文】Aslongaswepersevere,dreamswillcometrue.

3.【参考译文】Itismyconcerntomakethelivesoftensofmillionsofpoorpeopleinruralareasbetter.

4.【参考译文】Theworldissobigandfacessomanyproblems.TheinternationalcommunityexpectstohearChina’svoiceandseeChina’ssolutions,soChinacannotbeabsent.

5.【参考译文】Thankstothejointeffortsofthepeopleofallethnicgroupsacrossthecountry,the12thFive-YearPlanhasbeensuccessfullyconcluded,andthegeneralpublichasgainedagreatersenseofgain.

21.单选题

X.PoliticalScience

Whatdifferencedoesitmakeifmore,orfewer,peoplevote?Whatdifferencewoulditmakeifthestatemakespeoplevote?Thesequestionsarecentralbothtonormativedebatesabouttherightsanddutiesofcitizensinademocracyandtocontemporarypolicydebatesinavarietyofcountriesoverwhatactionsstatesshouldtaketoencourageelectoralparticipation.Toaddressthem,thispaperfocusesonthephenomenonofcompulsoryvoting—legalrequirementsthatcompelcitizenstoparticipate.Specifically,byfocusingonararecaseofabolishingcompulsoryvotinginVenezuela,weexaminewhethercompulsoryvotingreducesincomeinequality.

Ourresultssupportawell-knownpropositionadvancedbyArendLijphartinhis1996presidentialaddresstotheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation.ForLijphart,classbias—“theinequalityofrepresentationandinfluence...notrandomlydistributedbutsystematicallybiasedinfavorofmoreprivilegedcitizens...andagainstlessadvantagedcitizens”—isthecentral“unresolveddilemma”ofdemocracy.Thenormativefoundationofthisargumentisthat,inademocracy,thepreferencesofeverycitizenshouldhaveequalweightinelectingrepresentativesanddeterminingpolicy.Lijphartcontendsthat“lowvoterturnoutmeansunequalandsocioeconomicallybiasedturnout...andunequalparticipationspellsunequalinfluence”,andthatcompulsoryvotingis“thestrongestofalltheinstitutionalfactors”initspotentialtoremedytheperniciouseffectsofclassbiasinturnout.

Despiteitsnormativeimportanceandpracticalrelevanceinpolicydebates,rigorousempiricalscrutinyofLijpharf’sclaimhasbeenlimited.Numerousscholarshaveinvestigatedtheimpactofvoterturnoutonvariousoutcomevariables.Mostofthesestudies,however,facemethodologicalshortcomingsbecausetheyarebasedonrelativelysimplecross-sectionalregressionwithoutaconvincingidentificationstrategyforcausalinference,orbecausetheyrelyoninstrumentalvariablesbasedonexogenous“shocks”toturnout(e.g.we