最新中考英语语法专题总结课件(北师大附中专用)05介词及其考点

介词中考语法介词中考语法介词概述 介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其它某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。 如：in,on,acrossfrom,eversince,becauseof等。介词概述 介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句考点分布(1)介词的种类(2)介词短语考点分布(1)介词的种类考点梳理考点一表示时间的介词in表示月、季节、年、世纪或泛指上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)inMay,inwinter,in2014,inthetwenty-firstcentury,inthemorning/afternoon/eveningat表示时刻、时间的某一点at9:00,atnoon,atnight,atthattime,atlaston表示具体的某一天或某一天的上下、午onMonday(morning),onacoldrainydayduring在……期间duringthesummerholiday,duringtheexamfor有……之久（表示经过了多长时间）fortwodays,foralongtimepast过了……（时间）ten(minutes)six,aquarterpasteight考点梳理考点一表示时间的介词in表示月、季节、年、世考点梳理till/until直到……时till/until10:00,till/untilmidnightby不迟于……，在……之前bytheendof,bythenattheendof在……末attheendofthisterm,atthebeginningof在开头……(开始的时候)atthebeginningofthemeetingbefore在……以前beforeclass,beforeChristmasafter在……之后afterschool,after6:30since自从……(表示从过去某个时间到现在)since2012,sincethenabout大约about9:00考点梳理till/until直到……时till/until考点梳理1、介词in,on,at后接时间的用法详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第10组。2、时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也在时分前，说“差”用to,说“过”要用past。考点梳理1、介词in,on,at后接时间考点梳理【考点精练】()1.NanjingLishuiStrawberryFestivalopened_______MarchinFujiabianModernAgriculturalParkthisyear. A.on B.at C.in D.to()2.Isometimeshelpmymomwithherhousework________Saturdays.

A.at B.in C.on D.to()3.AshipfromSouthKoreasankintothesea________April16,2014. A.in B.on C.at D.for()4.Someworkersinthatfactoryhavetowork_______night. A.at B.for C.withD.amongCCBA考点梳理【考点精练】()1.Nanjin考点梳理考点二表场所、方向的介词in在……里(地点范围较大)IntheUnitedstates,inGuangzhouat在……处(较小的范围)Atthestation,attheschoolgateon在……上(有接触面)Ontheblackboard,onthedesk在靠近……的地方Ontheleft,ontherightabove在……上;高于Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.over在……正上方Thereisabridgeovertheriver.below在……下方Theradiosaysthetemperaturewillbebelowzero.under在……正下方Thereisadogunderthetree.考点梳理考点二表场所、方向的介词in在……里(地点范考点梳理acrossfrom在……对面Thereisabankacrossfromourschool.after在……后面Thedogisrunningafteracat.against靠着;倚着;对抗,反对Lookatthewhitepianoagainstthewall.Mo进入（有一定的方向）Hehurriedintotheclassroom.around在……周围Theearthmovesaroundthesun.up向上，向高处Themonkeyclimbedupthetree.behind在……后面Theyplantedsometreesbehindtheirschool.attheendof在……末梢/尽头You’llseethehospitalattheendoftheroad.考点梳理acrossfrom在……对面Thereis考点梳理infrontof在……前面Themiddleof在……的中间Mr.Lilikestostandinthemiddleoftheclassroom.near在……近旁Excuseme.Isthereapostofficenearhere?opposite在……对面Thebookstoreisoppositethecinema.by/beside在……旁/附近(比near近)Theboyisstandingby/besidethewindow.among在（三者以上）的之中Amongthemountainsthereisabeautifulvillage.between在(两者)之间LilyissittingbetweenLucyandJack.past经过Remembertocallmewhenyouwalkpastmyhouse.考点梳理infrontof在……前面Thereis考点梳理along沿着Walkalongthestreet.outof在……之外（有运动方向）Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.across横过Goacrossthebridge.through贯穿；通过GostraightthroughthatdoorundertheEXITsign.for前往……地方（表目的）TheywillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.from从……起（表示起点）Weusuallydosportsfrom7:00to7:30inthemorning.to到达……地点或方向CallmeassoonasyougettoBeijing.1.介词among,between的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第5组。考点梳理along沿着Walkalongthestr考点梳理2.infrontof与inthefrontof的用法区别详见第42组。3.on在……的上面(与物体表面接触)over在……的正上方；(不接触物体表面)above在……上方（不接触物体表面）below在……下方,是above的反义词under在……下面(是on,over的反义词)4.in,on,to还可以用来表示两地的位置关系in表示在某地范围之内；to表示在某地范围之外。如：ChinaliesintheeastofAsiaandtothenorthofAustralia.中国位于亚洲的东部，澳洲的北边。而on表示与某地相邻、接壤。如：MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古与中国北部接壤。它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第43组。5.across与through的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第22组。考点梳理2.infrontof与inthefro考点梳理【考点精练】()5.Cambridgeisasmallcity_______theeastofEngland. A.between B.with C.in D.under()6.We’llplaybasketball_______Class3tomorrow. A.over B.against C.to D.for()7.—DidyougotoKenliduringthePeachBlossomFestival(桃花节)?—Yes.Theflowerswerebeautiful.Beeswereflying_________them. A.in. B.among C.between D.throughCBB考点梳理【考点精练】()5.Cambri考点梳理【考点精练】()8.Themoonlightiscoming_______thewindowandtheroomlooksmorebrighter. A.across B.into C.through D.over()9.Taiwanlies________theeastofFujian. A.on B.in C.to D.at()10.Theoldmanisagoodswimmer,andevennowheoftenswims_______ZhujiangRiveraftersupper. A.over B.through C.to D.acrossCCD考点梳理【考点精练】()8.Themo考点梳理考点三表方式的介词as作为，当作MoYanisfamousasawriter.by用；由；乘坐ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.LiLeioftengoestoschoolbybus.in用(语言)；用什么材料PleasesayitinEnglish./Writeinblackin.with用（工具）或方法withapen;withmyeyes;withtheteacher’shelplike与一样Helookslikehismother.on骑（车）；步行onabike/car/bus;onfootover通过(电波)ShelearnsEnglishovertheradio.without没有Mancan’tlivewithoutwater.考点梳理考点三表方式的介词as作为，当作MoYan考点梳理by,with,in都可以表示“用”，但侧重点有所不同。in强调用材料、语言with表示用工具、某物by用方式、方法、手段如：Theteacheriswritingonthepaperinredinkandtheblackboardwithapieceofchalk.Mymotheroftengotoworkbybike.它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第19组；考点梳理by,with,in都可以表示“考点梳理【考点精练】()11.YoucanimproveyourEnglish________practicingmore. A.by B.with C.of D.in()12.Pleasewriteit________yourpen. A.by B.in C.at D.with()13.Theletterwaswritten_________English. A.on B.by C.in D.withADC考点梳理【考点精练】()11.You考点梳理考点四其它介词except与besidesexcept除……之外（不包括），如：EveryonepassedtheexamexceptTom.除了汤姆，每个人都过了考试（汤姆一个人没有过）about关于;询问情况aspeechabouthealth;what/howaboutexcept/but除了Everybodyexcept/butJackishere.（Jack不在）besides除了……还有BesidesEnglish,wehaveeightsubjects.（共九科）of……的,表示数量或种类amapofChina,aglassofwater考点梳理考点四其它介词except与besides考点梳理【考点精练】()14.—Whatlanguagedoyoualsospeak________English?—French.Butjustalittle.A.besides B.except C.beside()15.—AllthestudentsinClassOnewenttothecinema________LiPing.Why?—Becausehehadastomachache.A.besides B.exceptC.without D.besideABbesides 除……之外（还包括），如：BesidesMrLi,fiveteacherswenttothemeeting.除了李老师，还有五个老师去开会了。（一共六个老师）它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第27组。考点梳理【考点精练】()14.—What考点梳理考点五介词with的用法1、表示“和，伴随“，如：comewithme跟我来ShewilltraveltoPariswithhisfamilythissummervacation.2、表示“带着，随着”，如：withasmileonherface她面带微笑withbestwishes致以美好的祝愿withsomeflowersinherhands手捧鲜花withpleasure乐意地，愉快地3、表示“被，用，以”，如:Cutitwithaknife.用刀把它切开。Themountainiscoveredwithsnowalltheyear.4、表示“有，带有”如：someteawithmilk加奶的茶amanwithgoodmanners一个有礼貌的人考点梳理考点五介词with的用法1、表示“和，伴随“考点梳理【考点精练】()16.Aconversation________awisepersonisworthtenyears’studyofbooks. A.forB.likeC.with D.to()17.__________allhispocketmoney,DanboughtapresentforhismotheronMother’sDay. A.WithB.ForC.By D.In()18.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—IhopeIhaveanicehouse___________abiggarden. A.ofB.withC.from D.about()19.—Who’sthatman____sunglasses?—He’sJackDing.I’vejustgotanautographfromhim. A.on B.for C.ofD.with()20.Annoftenhelpsme______mathsafterschool. A.forB.with C.on D.byCABDB考点梳理【考点精练】()16.Aco考点梳理考点六两组易混淆的介词短语1.inthetree与onthetreeinthetree指外来的东西在树上如：akiteinthetree;abirdinthetreeonthetree指长在树上的东西如：someapplesonthetree,hewall与onthewallinthewall指镶嵌在墙体里的,如：awindowinthewallonthewall指紧贴墙面的 如：somepicturesonthewall;Theblackboardinonthewall.考点梳理考点六两组易混淆的介词短语1.inthe考点梳理考点七常见介词搭配介词+名词attheendof在……尽头bybike/bus骑单车；乘公汽onthephocne用电话toone’ssurprise使…惊讶的是atthefootof在……脚下inahurry匆忙地athome在家forexample例如infrontof在……前面atbreakfast在吃早餐onfoot步行inblack穿黑色衣服atonce立刻；马上intheend最后；终于inthisway用这种办法atlast最后；终于in/ontime及时，按时introuble处于困难中onone’swayto在去……的路上withoutone’shelp没有某人的帮助withone’shelp在…的帮助下考点梳理考点七常见介词搭配介词+名词atthee考点梳理形容词+介词beangrywith生……气bebusywith忙于……bebadfor对……有坏处beafraidof害怕……befamousfor因……而出名begoodat擅长……becoveredwith被……覆盖befamousas作为……而出名befullof被……充满bereadyfor为……做好准备befilledwith被……充满belatefor迟到bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格bepleasedwith对……感到高兴beproudof对……感到骄傲/自豪bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格beworriedabout担忧……bedifferentfrom与……不同beinterestedin对……感兴趣begladtodosth.高兴做……begoodfor对……有好处考点梳理形容词+介词beangrywith生……考点梳理动词+介词arrivein/at到达getto到达lookat看regard…as把……当作thinkof想起，认为waitfor等待agreewith同意hearfrom收到……来信lookafter照顾，照料takecareof照顾，照料payfor支付worryabout担心comefrom来自于laughat嘲笑knockat敲talkabout谈论turnup/down调高/低askfor请求do/dealwith处理，处置listento听leave…for离开……去spend…on花费thinkabout考虑playwith与……玩耍geton/off上/下车lookfor寻找prefer…to…宁可,更喜欢turnon/off打开/关上talkto/with与……交谈knockinto撞倒考点梳理动词+介词arrivein/at到达gett考点梳理【备考策略】 中考中对介词的考查主要集中在对介词的基本用法和固定搭配上，侧重考查在具体语境中用介词有关的短语和句型的能力，题型有单项、完形填空和短文填空等。 备考中要注意： 1.注重平时的积累，多记介词用法、介词短语、固定搭配和常用句型； 2.注意意义相关或相近的介词辨析； 3.结合具体的情景准确使用。考点梳理【备考策略】 中考中对介词的考查主要集中在对介词的介词中考语法介词中考语法介词概述 介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其它某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。 如：in,on,acrossfrom,eversince,becauseof等。介词概述 介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句考点分布(1)介词的种类(2)介词短语考点分布(1)介词的种类考点梳理考点一表示时间的介词in表示月、季节、年、世纪或泛指上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)inMay,inwinter,in2014,inthetwenty-firstcentury,inthemorning/afternoon/eveningat表示时刻、时间的某一点at9:00,atnoon,atnight,atthattime,atlaston表示具体的某一天或某一天的上下、午onMonday(morning),onacoldrainydayduring在……期间duringthesummerholiday,duringtheexamfor有……之久（表示经过了多长时间）fortwodays,foralongtimepast过了……（时间）ten(minutes)six,aquarterpasteight考点梳理考点一表示时间的介词in表示月、季节、年、世考点梳理till/until直到……时till/until10:00,till/untilmidnightby不迟于……，在……之前bytheendof,bythenattheendof在……末attheendofthisterm,atthebeginningof在开头……(开始的时候)atthebeginningofthemeetingbefore在……以前beforeclass,beforeChristmasafter在……之后afterschool,after6:30since自从……(表示从过去某个时间到现在)since2012,sincethenabout大约about9:00考点梳理till/until直到……时till/until考点梳理1、介词in,on,at后接时间的用法详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第10组。2、时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也在时分前，说“差”用to,说“过”要用past。考点梳理1、介词in,on,at后接时间考点梳理【考点精练】()1.NanjingLishuiStrawberryFestivalopened_______MarchinFujiabianModernAgriculturalParkthisyear. A.on B.at C.in D.to()2.Isometimeshelpmymomwithherhousework________Saturdays.

A.at B.in C.on D.to()3.AshipfromSouthKoreasankintothesea________April16,2014. A.in B.on C.at D.for()4.Someworkersinthatfactoryhavetowork_______night. A.at B.for C.withD.amongCCBA考点梳理【考点精练】()1.Nanjin考点梳理考点二表场所、方向的介词in在……里(地点范围较大)IntheUnitedstates,inGuangzhouat在……处(较小的范围)Atthestation,attheschoolgateon在……上(有接触面)Ontheblackboard,onthedesk在靠近……的地方Ontheleft,ontherightabove在……上;高于Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.over在……正上方Thereisabridgeovertheriver.below在……下方Theradiosaysthetemperaturewillbebelowzero.under在……正下方Thereisadogunderthetree.考点梳理考点二表场所、方向的介词in在……里(地点范考点梳理acrossfrom在……对面Thereisabankacrossfromourschool.after在……后面Thedogisrunningafteracat.against靠着;倚着;对抗,反对Lookatthewhitepianoagainstthewall.Mo进入（有一定的方向）Hehurriedintotheclassroom.around在……周围Theearthmovesaroundthesun.up向上，向高处Themonkeyclimbedupthetree.behind在……后面Theyplantedsometreesbehindtheirschool.attheendof在……末梢/尽头You’llseethehospitalattheendoftheroad.考点梳理acrossfrom在……对面Thereis考点梳理infrontof在……前面Themiddleof在……的中间Mr.Lilikestostandinthemiddleoftheclassroom.near在……近旁Excuseme.Isthereapostofficenearhere?opposite在……对面Thebookstoreisoppositethecinema.by/beside在……旁/附近(比near近)Theboyisstandingby/besidethewindow.among在（三者以上）的之中Amongthemountainsthereisabeautifulvillage.between在(两者)之间LilyissittingbetweenLucyandJack.past经过Remembertocallmewhenyouwalkpastmyhouse.考点梳理infrontof在……前面Thereis考点梳理along沿着Walkalongthestreet.outof在……之外（有运动方向）Don’tlookoutofthewindowinclass.across横过Goacrossthebridge.through贯穿；通过GostraightthroughthatdoorundertheEXITsign.for前往……地方（表目的）TheywillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.from从……起（表示起点）Weusuallydosportsfrom7:00to7:30inthemorning.to到达……地点或方向CallmeassoonasyougettoBeijing.1.介词among,between的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第5组。考点梳理along沿着Walkalongthestr考点梳理2.infrontof与inthefrontof的用法区别详见第42组。3.on在……的上面(与物体表面接触)over在……的正上方；(不接触物体表面)above在……上方（不接触物体表面）below在……下方,是above的反义词under在……下面(是on,over的反义词)4.in,on,to还可以用来表示两地的位置关系in表示在某地范围之内；to表示在某地范围之外。如：ChinaliesintheeastofAsiaandtothenorthofAustralia.中国位于亚洲的东部，澳洲的北边。而on表示与某地相邻、接壤。如：MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.蒙古与中国北部接壤。它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第43组。5.across与through的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第22组。考点梳理2.infrontof与inthefro考点梳理【考点精练】()5.Cambridgeisasmallcity_______theeastofEngland. A.between B.with C.in D.under()6.We’llplaybasketball_______Class3tomorrow. A.over B.against C.to D.for()7.—DidyougotoKenliduringthePeachBlossomFestival(桃花节)?—Yes.Theflowerswerebeautiful.Beeswereflying_________them. A.in. B.among C.between D.throughCBB考点梳理【考点精练】()5.Cambri考点梳理【考点精练】()8.Themoonlightiscoming_______thewindowandtheroomlooksmorebrighter. A.across B.into C.through D.over()9.Taiwanlies________theeastofFujian. A.on B.in C.to D.at()10.Theoldmanisagoodswimmer,andevennowheoftenswims_______ZhujiangRiveraftersupper. A.over B.through C.to D.acrossCCD考点梳理【考点精练】()8.Themo考点梳理考点三表方式的介词as作为，当作MoYanisfamousasawriter.by用；由；乘坐ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.LiLeioftengoestoschoolbybus.in用(语言)；用什么材料PleasesayitinEnglish./Writeinblackin.with用（工具）或方法withapen;withmyeyes;withtheteacher’shelplike与一样Helookslikehismother.on骑（车）；步行onabike/car/bus;onfootover通过(电波)ShelearnsEnglishovertheradio.without没有Mancan’tlivewithoutwater.考点梳理考点三表方式的介词as作为，当作MoYan考点梳理by,with,in都可以表示“用”，但侧重点有所不同。in强调用材料、语言with表示用工具、某物by用方式、方法、手段如：Theteacheriswritingonthepaperinredinkandtheblackboardwithapieceofchalk.Mymotheroftengotoworkbybike.它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第19组；考点梳理by,with,in都可以表示“考点梳理【考点精练】()11.YoucanimproveyourEnglish________practicingmore. A.by B.with C.of D.in()12.Pleasewriteit________yourpen. A.by B.in C.at D.with()13.Theletterwaswritten_________English. A.on B.by C.in D.withADC考点梳理【考点精练】()11.You考点梳理考点四其它介词except与besidesexcept除……之外（不包括），如：EveryonepassedtheexamexceptTom.除了汤姆，每个人都过了考试（汤姆一个人没有过）about关于;询问情况aspeechabouthealth;what/howaboutexcept/but除了Everybodyexcept/butJackishere.（Jack不在）besides除了……还有BesidesEnglish,wehaveeightsubjects.（共九科）of……的,表示数量或种类amapofChina,aglassofwater考点梳理考点四其它介词except与besides考点梳理【考点精练】()14.—Whatlanguagedoyoualsospeak________English?—French.Butjustalittle.A.besides B.except C.beside()15.—AllthestudentsinClassOnewenttothecinema________LiPing.Why?—Becausehehadastomachache.A.besides B.exceptC.without D.besideABbesides 除……之外（还包括），如：BesidesMrLi,fiveteacherswenttothemeeting.除了李老师，还有五个老师去开会了。（一共六个老师）它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块《中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析》第27组。考点梳理【考点精练】()14.—What考点梳理考点五介词with的用法1、表示“和，伴随“，如：comewithme跟我来ShewilltraveltoPariswithhisfamilythissummervacation.2、表示“带着，随着”，如：withasmileonherface她面带微笑withbestwishes致以美好的祝愿withsomeflowersinherhands手捧鲜花withpleasure乐意地，愉快地3、表示“被，用，以”，如:Cutitwithaknife.用刀把它切开。Themountainiscoveredwithsnowalltheyear.4、表示“有，带有”如：someteawithmilk加奶的茶amanwithgoodmanners一个有礼貌的人考点梳理考点五介词with的用法1、表示“和，伴随“考点梳理【考点精练】()16.Aconversation________awisepersonisworthtenyears’studyofbooks. A.forB.likeC.with D.to()17.__________allhispocketmoney,DanboughtapresentforhismotheronMother’sDay. A.WithB.ForC.By D.In()18.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—IhopeIhaveanicehouse___________abiggarden. A.ofB.withC.from D.about()19.—Who’sthatman____sunglasses?—He’sJackDing.I’vejustgotanautographfromhim. A.on B.for C.ofD.with()20.Annoftenhelpsme______mathsafterschool. A.forB.with C.on D.byCABDB考点梳理【考点精练】()16.Aco考点梳理考点六两组易混淆的介词短语1.inthetree与