现代大学英语精读第一册 Lesson3

现代大学英语精读第一册Lesson3现代大学英语精读第一册Lesson3现代大学英语精读第一册Lesson3资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月现代大学英语精读第一册Lesson3版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：LessonThreeMessageoftheLandTeachingObjectives:Toknowthebackgroundinformationabouttheauthor,andthestyleofthistext.Toacquirethekeywords,importantanddifficultsentencesandlanguagepointsTounderstandandmastertheusageofthebasicrhetoricaldevices:simileandmetaphorTounderstandtheconnotationofthetitleandmainideaofthetext.TeachingProcedure:Pre-task1.WarmupIndividualquestions:Thetitle“MessageoftheLand’meansthatlandcanconveysomethingtopeople.Thenwhatdoeslandconveytopeople,orwhatroledoeslandplayinpeople’sdailylifeinyourmind?

Whatispeople’sattitudetolandnowadays?

2.Backgroundinformation:Theauthor:PiraSudham(1942~)isanEnglishwriterinThailand.HewasborninapoorfamilyinruralEsarn,inthenortheastofthecountry.Attheageof14,hetraveledtoBangkoktobecomeatempleboy,aservanttothemonks.HecontinuedtostudyandwonentrancetoThailand’stopUniversity,Chulalongkorn.HelaterwonaNewZealandgovernmentscholarshipwhichallowedhimtotravelfromNewZealandtoAustralia,China’sHongKongandEurope.PiraSudhamneverforgetsEsarn,whereheexperiencedpovertyandinjusticesinhisearlyyears,andwhichbecamethebackgroundformanyofhisshortstoriesandnovels.HisnovelMonsoonCountrymadehimanomineeforthe1990NobelPrizefortheliterature.Thistextisadaptedfromthefarmerandhiswifeinguidebooktobetterreadingseriespublishedin1982.Thecity:BangkokBangkok,population8,538,610(1990),isthecapitalandlargestcityofThailand.ThecityislocatedontheeastbankoftheChaoPhrayaRiver,neartheGulfofThailand.Bangkokisoneofthefastest-growing,mosteconomicallydynamicandsociallyprogressivecitiesinSoutheastAsia.LocalpeopleliketothinkthatitisemergingasaregionalcentretorivalSingaporemajorinfrastructureandsocialproblemsasaresultofitsrapidgrowth.Itisalsooneoftheworld'smostpopulartouristdestinations.BangkokistheeconomiccenterofThailand.TheChaoPhrayaRiverallowsBangkoktofunctionasaport.TheStockExchangeofThailandislocatedinBangkok.Tourismisamajorsourceofrevenue.ThecitycontainsmanyBuddhisttemples(knowninThaiasWats),amongthebestknownbeingWatPhoandWatArun.ThailandBuddhismBuddhismisThailand'smainreligion.94%ofThaipeopleareBuddhist.TheotherareMuslim,CatholicorChinese.Buddhismwasborn2,546yearsago(theofficialyearinThailandistheyear2003andthetraditionalyearistheyear2546).BuddhismislinkedwiththehistoricalIndianprince,SiddhartaGautama,whobecametheBuddhaandreachedtheenlightenment.Nowhisteachingsarestillfollowed.Histeachingssaythatpeoplesufferbecausetheyareattachedtomaterialthings,towomenormenbyheartlinks.Theselinkscausesuffer,jealousysopain.Peopleareneversatisfied,i.e.theywantmoremoney,morepower.TheaimofBuddhismistogetridofthesepainsandoftheselinks.ThereareseveralkindsofBuddhism.ThaiBuddhismiscalledTheravadaBuddhism.Quotefromtheauthor:Thefollowingisapartoftheauthor’sremarks,basedonwhichwecanhaveaglimpseofthepoorofTailand.“IfIhadnotleftmyvillagethen,Iwouldhavebeensubjectlikemostvillagers,tothemercyofnature:floods,drought,disease,ignoranceandscarcity.Withendurance,Iwouldhaveacceptedthemasmyownfate,assomethingIcannotgoagainstinthislife.”II.Taskcycle:Themeofthetext:Thetexttellsaboutthedeepregretoftheoldpeopleoverthelossoftraditionalvaluesandthewayoflife.Structureofthetext:Thetextcanbedividedintotwoparts:PartI(paras1-7):abouttheinterviewofwife.PartII:(paras.8—11)aboutthefarmer’sspeechIn-classdiscussion:Question:Whatkindofwritingdoesthistextbelongto

Answer:Thistextisanessayinaverybroadsenseoftheword,orratheraninterview.Itiswrittendownbythewriterwhointerviewedafarmerandhiswife.(SincetheWorldWarIIithasbecomepopularforwriterstointerviewpeople,recordwhattheysayand,aftersome,nottoomuch,editing,publishthesepeople’sstoriesinbookform.)Question:Whatarestylisticfeaturesofessay

Answer:Generallyspeaking,thestyleofessayiscolloquial.Thelanguageisstraightforward.Thesentencesareshortandwordsaresmallandeasy,whichhelpreaderstounderstandwhat’sgoingon.Questionsinmind:Whatdowelearnfromtheoldcoupleintheinterview?Whataretheircharacteristics?Whatproblemsdoestheoldcouplemeetwith?Whatistherootoftheproblem?Arethereanyeffectivewaystosolvetheproblem?DetailedstudyoftheText:1).Theybelongedtomyparentsandforefathers.(para1)tobelongtosb:tobeownedbysb.“Yes,theseareourricefields.Theybelongedtomyparentsandforefathers.Thelandismorethanthreecenturiesold.”Question:Inthefirstparagraph,whydoesthewifestartherconversationwiththetalkabouttheland?

Answer:Thewifehasalreadyregardedthelandaspartofherlife.Thisisthelandwhereherparentsandforefatherslivedanditisboundwithfamilyhistoryandtradition.Itrepresentstherootofherfamily.2).…itwasIwhostayedwithmyparentstilltheydied.(para1)Sentencestructure:theemphaticstructure.Pattern:itis\was…that\who…Function:toemphasizesomepartsinasentence,e.g.thesubject.Itwasthepolicemanthat/whocaughtapickpocketonNo.933busyesterday.e.g.theobject.ItwasapickpocketthatthepolicemancaughtonNo.933busyesterday.e.g.theadverbialItwasonNo.933busthatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketyesterday.(theadverbialofplace)ItwasyesterdaythatthepolicemancaughtapickpocketonNo.933bus.(theadverbialoftime)Task:Makesentenceaccordingtoeachpattern3).MyhusbandmovedintomyhouseasisthewaywithusinEsarn.(para1)“As”introducesadefiningrelativeclause,andfunctionsasitssubject,representingwhatisstatedinthemainclauses.Moreexamples:Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.(as-----subjectoftheclause)Asisoftenthecase,theboywaslateforclass.(as-----subjectoftheclause)Question:Whatistheculturalconnotationinthissentence

Answer:Whenwegotmarried)myhusbandcametoliveinourhouse.ItwasthetraditionhereinEsarnthatthebridegroomshouldcometolivewiththebride’sfamily.4).Therest,twoboysandtwogirls,wentawayassoonaswecouldaffordtobuyjeansforthem.(para1)therest(ofsth):theremainingpeopleorthings;theotherse.g.其中一本书比较难，其他的简单。Oneofthebooksisquitedifficult;therestareeasy.toaffordsth.\todosth.:tohaveenoughmoneytobuyortodosth.e.g.目前，我负担不起去欧洲旅行。Atthemoment,Ican’taffordatriptoEurope.twoboysandtwogirls:usedastheappositiveof“therest”Moreexamples:Yourfather,aproudandunbendingman,refusedallhelpthatwasofferedhim.Playingfootball,hisonlyinterestinlife,broughthimmanyfriends.Adrylightningstorm,thatis,athunderstormwithoutrain,startedafireinaremotepartoftheforestinAugust.Thewholesentence:Ourotherchildren—twoboysandtwogirls—leftassoonaswehadthemoneytobuythemjeans.5).Theycometoseeusnowandthen,stayafewdays,andthentheyareoffagain.(para2)(every)nowandthen:fromtimetotime;nowandagain;occasionallystayafewdays:Herethephrase“afewdays”isusedadverbially.beoff:beawayfromaplace,6).…andtellusthattheyaredoingwell.Iknowthisisnotalwaystrue.(para2)Thewholesentence:…althoughtheyalwaystellusthateverythingisfinewiththem,Iknowtheyalsohavedifficultiesandproblems.Theyjustdonottellusbecausetheydonotwantustoworry.7)…itislikeaknifepiercingmyheart.(para2)Thewholesentence:WhenIhearabouttheirhardships,Ifeelverybad.8)It’seasierformyhusband.Hehasearswhichdon’thear,amouthwhichdoesn’tspeak,andeyesthatdon’tsee.(para2)Sentencestructure:Thesethreeclausesareallrestrictiverelativeclauseandtheyaretheparallelstructure.Thewholesentence:Newsaboutmychildren’sproblemsdoesn’tmakemyhusbandassadasme.Hedoesn’tbotheraboutwhatishappeningaroundusandtoourchildren.Heneversaysanythingaboutthem.9)Hehasalwaysbeenpatientandsilent,mindinghisownlife.(para2)mind:takecareof;attendto“mindinghisownlife”:thispresentparticiplephrasefunctioningasadverbialofaccompanyingcircumstancesThewholesentenceHe’salwaysbeenpatientandtalkslittle.Hejustdoeshisdutyandcarriesonhislife.Cf.“mindone’sownbusiness”----------＞“don’tinterfere”10)Ourpieceoflandissmall,anditisnolongerfertile,bleedingyearafteryearand,likeus,gettingoldandexhausted.(para3)yearafteryear:everyyearformanyyearsThewholesentence:Ourlandisgettingpoorerwitheachpassingyear,likeuswhoaregettingold,weakandtired.“bleedingyearafteryear”:thispresentparticiplephrasesfunctionshereasacause.Moreexample:Theysentustheirstatement,hopingtogetoursupport.Theywentonwiththeirstruggle,thinkingtheirswasajustcause.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.Thedoctor,notwishingtomakehernervous,didnotfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.“gettingoldandexhausted”:(rhetoricaldevice)personificationPersonification:Definition:Referringtoinanimatethingsorabstractionsasiftheywerehuman.Itisakindofmetaphor.Moreexamples:AsLondonincreased,however,rankandfashionrolledofftothewest,andtrade,creepingonattheirheelstookpossessionoftheirdesertedabodes.Theyouthweresinging,laughingandplayingthemusicinstruments.Thetreesandflowersaroundthemdancedheartilyasiftouchedbymerrymood.HowsoonhathTime,thesubtlethiefofyouth,stolenonhiswingmythreeandtwentiethyear!11)…butinabadyear,it’snotonlytheploughsthatbreakbutourheartstoo.(para3)it’snotonly:akindofemphaticstructure.break:“break”inthissentencegovernsboth“ploughs”and“hearts”,thereforewecallthiskindofrhetoricaldeviceassyllipsis.Syllipsis(一语双叙)Definition:asinglewordismadetomodifyorgoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Moreexamples:Thesenatorpickeduphishataswellashiscourage.COATTAILS:Clothesthatfitthemanandthetimes.(Advert.InNewYorkTimesMagazine,1980)Tenminuteslater,thecoffeeandCommanderDanaofNavalIntelligencearrivedsimultaneously.蜜蜂是在酿蜜，又是在酿造生活，……----杨朔《荔枝蜜》水调数声持酒听，午醉醒来愁未醒。送春出去几时回？临晚镜，伤流景，往事后期空记省。----张先《天仙子》第二位汪太太过了门没生孩子，只生病。在家养病反倒把这病养家了，不肯离开她，所以她终年娇弱得很……----钱钟书《围城》Thewholesentence:…butwhenthereisadrought,thelandissohardthattheploughsbreak.Andwebecomevery,verysad.Question:Summarizethesethreeparagraphs:Answer:Thewifetellsusbrieflyaboutherfamilyandhowallherchildrenleft.12)Onlytenyearsago,youcouldbarterforthings,butnowit’sallcash.(para4)Thewholesentence:Justtenyearsago,wecoldexchangeonethingforanother,buttodaywehavetousemoneytogeteverythingweneed.(Inthepast,weweremoreorlessself-sufficient.Butnow,wehavetobuyeverythinginthemarket.)13)Menusedtomakethingswithfinebamboopieces,butnolonger.(para4)usedtodosth….butnolonger…:itisoftenusedtoshowachangee.g.Theyusedtocomeandseetheirparentseveryweek,butnolonger.他们过去每周常来看他们父母，但现在不再了。Thewholesentence:Inthepastmenmadefinebamboocraftsbuttheynolongerdothat.14)Shopshavesprungup,filledwithcolorfulplasticthingsandgoodswehavenousefor.(para4)tospringup:appearsuddenlyordevelopquicklytobefilledwithsth:tobemadefullofsth.Thispastparticiplephrasefunctioningaspost-modifiertomodify“shops”.Moreexamples:Themen,soakedwithsweatfromanall-nightmarch,immediatelywentintoaction.Thesubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsofthestruggleoftheminers.tohavenouseforsth:tonotneedsth.Thisisarelativeclause.e.g当他们的儿子开始上学，他就不再需要玩具了。Whentheirsonstartedschool,hehadnouseofhistoys.Thewholesentence:Manyshopsappearinashorttime.Intheseshopstherearelotsofcolorfulplasticthingsandthingsthatareuselessforus.15)Thoseroughfingersandtoesareforworkinginthemudofourricefields.(para4)Question:Whatisgoodofpaintingthenailsofmyfingersandtoes?

Answer:TheirplaceisinthepaddyfieldswhereIwork,sothereisnopointofmakingthemlookpretty.16)Inmyday,ifIwereto…lightningwouldstrikeme.(para4)insomebody’sday:whensomebodywasyoungThewholesentence:WhenIwasyoung,IsurelywouldbepunishedbyGodifIeverworethekindoftrouserstheyweartoday.Culturalbackground:InThailand,femaleswearwrap-aroundskirts.InsomeAsiancountries,tobestuckdeadbylighteningisbelievedtobeapunishmentbyGod.Question:WhatisthetopicsentenceofPara.4Whatarethesupportingdetails

Answer:Topicsentence:“…wetwohaven’tchangedmuch,butthevillagehas.”Supportingdetails:CashinsteadofbarterPaidhelpPlasticthingsinsteadofvillagecraftsTheoldaloneonthelandYoungpeople’sdifferentwayofthinking,dressingandbehaving17)Iknow,timeshavechanged,butcertainthingsshouldnotchange.(para5)Thewholesentence:Iknow,timeshavechanged,butweshouldn’tgiveuporabandoncertainthings,forexample,ourdutytoourparents,ourreligiousbeliefs,oursympathyforothers,etc.18)Youngpeopletendtoleave,andthat’sashame.(para5)tendtodosth.:tobelikelytodosth.(usuallybad)e.g.Ittendstorain.要下雨。Thewholesentence:Itisshamefulthatyoungpeopledon’tdothesethings,thinkingthattheyareonlyfortheold.Question:Whatisthefunctionofthefirstsentenceinpara.5?

Answer:Thefirstsentenceinpara.5isatransitionalsentence.Thewifeshiftshertalktothethingsthatshouldnotchange,whichincludepeople’sworship,andyoungpeople’srespecttotheirparentsandtheaged.19)Why,onlytheotherdayIheardaboyshoutandscreamathismother.(para6)Thewholesentence:RecentlyIheardaboyshoutoryellrudelyathismother.Compare:“toshoutatsb”.and“toshouttosb”.toshoutatsb:tospeakloudly,oftenangrilytosb.e.g.他经常对妻子大喊大叫，这让她很伤心。Heoftenshoutedathiswife,andthisupsether.toshouttosb:tospeakloudlye.g.Tom喊Jack传球。TomshoutedtoJacktopasstheball.20)IfthatkindofthinghadhappenedwhenIwasyoung,thewholevillagewouldhavecondemnedsuchanungratefulson,andhisfatherwouldsurelyhavegivenhimagoodbeating.(para6)hadhappened….wouldhavecondemned:subjunctivemood,oppositetothepast.Itisusedintheunrealconditionalclauses.e.g.IfIhadworkedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.condemn:scoldseverelygivenhimagoodbeating:hithimasapunishmentThewholesentence:Inmydayifaboyhadscreamedathismother,thewholevillagewouldhavescoldedhimforhislackofgratitude,andhisfatherwouldcertainlyhavepunishedhim.21)Asforme,Iwouldn’tchange,couldn’tchangeevenifIwantedto.(para7)asforsb./sth.:usedwhenyoustarttotalkaboutsomethingnewthatisconnectedwithwhatyouhavebeentalkingabout.,e.g.Laborischeap.Landisavailable.Asformoney,wecanborrowfromthebank.劳动力便宜。土地可用。至于钱，我们从银行贷款。evenif:inspiteofthefactorbeliefthat,e.g.即便我有钱，我也不买那种东西。EvenifIhadmoney,Iwouldn’tbuyathinglikethat.Thewholesentence:Idon’tthinkthatIwouldchangelikethat,anditwouldbeimpossibleformetochangeevenifIwantedto.Question:Whatcharacteristicoftheoldwomancouldweseefromthissentence

Answer:Thisimpliesthatitisnoteasyforhertochangeherwaysandherbeliefsofherlifetime.22）Thisquestionhasneveroccurredtome.（para7）tooccurtosb.:(ofanideaorthought)tocomeintosb’smind.e.g.当我上网的时候，有了一个好想法。AnhappythoughtoccurredtomewhileIwassurfingtheInternet.Thewholesentence:I’veneveraskedmyself/thoughtaboutthisquestion—whetherornotIamhappy.23)Yes,thisbagofbonesdressedinragscanstillplantandreapricefrommorningtilldusk.(para7)bagofbones:verythin.Itistheuseofmetaphor,asthinasabagofbones.Metaphor:隐喻Definition:Ametaphorisalsoacomparison.Thedifferenceisthatasimilecomparesthingsexplicitly—thatis,itstatesliterallythatXislikeY.Ametaphorcomparesthingsimplicitly.Readliterally,itdoesnotstatethatthingsarealike;itsaysthattheyarethesamething,thattheyareidentical.Pattern：subject/tenorreference/vehicleCapeCod(isthebaredandbended)armof(Massachusetts.)He(is)awolf(insheep’sclothing.)Task:Findmoremetaphorsinthistext.Thewholesentence:It’strueI’mnotstrongandmyclothesarefullofholes,butIcanstillworkinthericefieldsallday.24)Disease,wounds,hardships….Idon’tcomplain.(para7)Thewholesentence:AllmylifeIhavesufferedfromdisease,wounds,hardshipsandshortage,andI’vebecomeusedtothem.Idon’tcomplainbecauseIknowsuchislife.Lifeisalwaysafiercestruggle.Question:Whatisthegeneralideaofpara4topara7?

Answer:Thispartfocusesonthechangesthatshefindsshecan’tadjustto.Question:HowdoesthewifepresentherspeechWhatisherattitudetowardthechangesaroundher

Answer:Bycomparison/contrastandexemplification,thewifepresentsherideaofthischangingworld.Shedislikesthechangesaroundher.Shewon’tacceptthechangesandevenrefusestochangewiththelife.Question:Findtheevidencesofcomparison/contrastandexemplificationinthetext.25)Myeyesdosee—theyseemorethantheyshould.Myearsdohear—theyhearmorethanisgoodforme.(para8)thetwo“do”:“do”isusedtoemphasizeverb“morethanisgood”:isthesameas“morethanwhatisgood”.Moreexamples:Hedrankmorethan(what)wasgoodforhim.Katemeantmorethan(what)wassaid.Someofthestorieswerereallymorethan(what)couldbebelieved.Thewholesentence:I’mnotwhatmywifesaysIam.Idoseeandhear—Iseeandheartoomuchevil,toomanyuglyandterriblethings,thingsthatIwishIdidnothavetoseeandhear.Andthisisnotgoodforme.26)Idon’ttalkaboutwhatIknowbecauseIknowtoomuch.Iknowforexample,greed,anger,andlustaretherootofevil.(para8)Thewholesentence:I’msilentbecauseIdon’twanttotalkaboutwhatIknow—Iknowthesethings(i,e,greed,anger,lust)leadtoevil.27)Iknoweveryinchofit.(para10)Thewholesentence:Iknowourlandthoroughly/insideout.28）Stillthelandcouldnottiethemdownorcallthemback.（para10）totiesomebodydown:torestrictsomebody’sfreedom.e.g.Shedoesn’twantchildrenbecauseshesaystheytieyoudown.她不想要孩子，就因为她总说孩子会束缚她的自由。Thewholesentence:Mychildrengrewupandhadhappydaysonthisland.Butthiscouldn’tpreventthemfromleavingormakethemreturn.29)Wheneachofthemhasapairofjeans,theyareofflikebirdsonthewing.(para10)Thewholesentence:Assoonastheyhavethechancetogotothecitiestoenjoythemodernwayoflife,theyjustgoaway.apairofjeans:herethejeanssymbolizesbeingmodern.“likebirds”:itistheuseofsimileSimile:明喻Definition:Asimileconsistsoftwoparts:tenor(本体)andvehicle（喻体）.Thetenoristheprimarysubject;thevehicleisthethingtowhichthemainsubjectiscomparedto.reference/vehiclereference/vehiclesimilemarkersubject/tenorasnail.asnail.as(slow)asThedataprocessing(isgoingon)ripeapples(onawindyday.)likeRecords(fell)Task:Findmoreexamplesinthetextaboutsimile.Question:Whatcanbeinferredfrompara.10?

Answer:Thefarmerisverytraditional.Hestillclingstotheconventionalideaofhavingabigfamilywithchildrenaroundhim.Becauseofhisstrongat