商务英语金砖五国

BRICS

Brazil,Russia,India,China,

SouthAfrica

HISTORYInitialCountries:BRIC(Brazil,Russia,India,China)Established:

2009Similarity:

1.alldevelopingornewlyindustrializedcountries2.distinguishedbytheirlarge,fast-growingeconomiesandsignificantinfluenceonregionalandglobalaffairs3.allfiveareG-20membersEffects:

asourceofglobaleconomicdevelopmentandessentialtofuturegenerationFocus:

theglobaleconomicsituationreformingfinancialinstitutions&howtobetterco-operate.

Furtherdiscussion:

developingcountriescouldbecomemoreinvolvedinglobalaffairs.Aftermath:announcedanewglobalreservecurrency:diversified,stableandpredictable

afallinthevalueoftheperceived"dominance"-theUSdollarFirstBRICSummitDevelopment:EntryofSouthAfrica:2010Objection:

Promoteworldpeaceanddevelopment;Improvingtherightofdiscourseofdevelopingcountries;promotecommunicationsbetweendevelopedcountriesanddevelopingcountries;strengthentheconstructionofthemechanismoftheBRICcountriesSummitsThegroupinghasheldannualsummitssince2009,withmembercountriestakingturnstohost.PriortoSouthAfrica'sadmission,twoBRICsummitswereheld,in2009and2010.MembersCHINAChinaisoneofthemostdynamiceconomicregionsintheworld.Asof2014,Chinahastheworld‘ssecond-largesteconomyintermsofnominalGDP.ItsGDPrankedsecondoverJapanin2010.Chinahasthehighestamountofforeigncapital,andhasbecometheproductionbaseofthelargestenterprisegroupallovertheworld.TheNewDevelopmentBank(NDB)isbasedinShanghai,2014BrazilBrazilisthelargestnationaleconomyinLatinAmerica,theworld'seightlargesteconomyatmarketexchangeratesandtheseventhlargestinpurchasingpowerparity(PPP)TheBrazilianeconomyhasbeenpredictedtobecomeoneofthefivelargestintheworldinthedecadestocome,theGDPpercapitafollowingandgrowing,providedthatlargeinvestmentsinproductivitygainsaremadetosubstitutetheGDPgrowthofthelastdecade.CentralBankofBrazil,in

Brasília

RussiaRussiahasadeveloped,high-incomemarketeconomywithenormousnaturalresources,particularlyoilandnaturalgas.Ithasthe15thlargesteconomyintheworldbynominalGDPandthe6thlargestbypurchasingpowerparity(PPP).Sincetheturnofthe21stcentury,higherdomesticconsumptionandgreaterpoliticalstabilityhavebolsteredeconomicgrowthinRussia.TheNewDevelopmentBank(NDB)andContingentReserveArrangement(CRA)weresignedintotreatyatthe2014BRICSsummitinBrazil.IndiaAccordingtotheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF),asofOctober2015,theIndianeconomyisnominallyworthUS$2.182trillion;itisthe7th-largesteconomybymarketexchangerates.Indiaisoneoftheworld'sfastest-growingeconomies.Indiahasmorethandoubleditshourlywageratesduringthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury.SouthAfricaSouthAfricahasamixedeconomy,thesecondlargestinAfricaafterNigeria.ItalsohasarelativelyhighGDPpercapitacomparedtoothercountriesinSub-SaharanAfricaSouthAfricaisapopulartouristdestination,andasubstantialamountofrevenuecomesfromtourism."BRICS”willbecomeahistoryandwillbeontheinternationalstagewithamorebroadlyrepresentative.WiththeBRICS’scooperationmechanismisbecomingmoremature,moreemergingeconomiesmayjoinin.BRICSwillkeepplayinganimportantroleintheinternationalpoliticalandeconomicaffairs.GUGGENHEIM

MUSEUMHQ:NewYorkLasVegasBilbao,Spain

Venice,ItalyLithuaniaBerlinHelsinki,Finland

AbuDhabi

GuggenheimMuseumsaroundtheworldIntroduction-theMuseumofNon-ObjectivePainting

Location:

Manhattan,

NewYorkCity.Founder:SolomonR.Guggenheim

Collection:Impressionist,Post-Impressionist,earlyModernandcontemporaryartandalsofeaturesspecialexhibitionsVisitors:1,199,123,ranked51stglobally(2013)Established:1937Website:/new-york

NEWYORKBILBAOLITHUANIAVINICEsistermuseumsThemuseum‘scollectionhasgrownorganically,overeightdecades,andisfoundeduponseveralimportantprivatecollections,beginningwithSolomonR.Guggenheim’soriginalcollection.Thecollectionissharedwiththemuseum'ssistermuseumsinBilbao,Spain,andelsewhere.In2013,nearly1.2millionpeoplevisitedthemuseum,andithostedthemostpopularexhibitioninNewYorkCity.DetailsExclusivesymbol:ThegroupsofmuseumAttributes:1.specialNon-ObjectivePvidingthesocietywithserviceandmoreopportunitiesforarts.Effects:Thischainoperationformandglobalstrategyhasbecomeanindispensabletrendinmuseumsallovertheworld.CHAINOPERATIONMachuPicchu--PeruMachu

PicchuisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,bothculturalandnatural.Itiscalled"LostCityoftheIncas"asthemostfamiliariconofIncacivilizationtheIncaCivilization.Itissaidthatthereexistedamysteriouscastleinthemountainouscountry.Butduringmorethan300yearsofbeinggovernedbySpanish,nobodyutterlynoticedit,even100yearsafterPeru’sindependence.Thesiteisroughlydividedintoanurbansectorandanagr