听力能力基本规律与技巧剖析

听力能力基本规律与技巧

语音规律包括辨音、音变现象（如音的连读、弱读、简化、同化、失去爆破）、重音等。连读是口语中经常出现的音变现象。前面的单词以辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，在讲话时通常会发生连读。如：anapple,读成anapple。如Fogisspreadingtoallareas.前三个单词连读成了/fogizpredin/。1、以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词：要连读如：I’dli(kea)notherbow(lo)frice.这里like/laik/以辅音结尾，another以元音开头，所以连读2、以辅音结尾的单词+h开头的单词h不发音，与前面的辅音whatwil(lhe)[wili]do?Ha(she)doneitbefore?Mus(the)[ti]go?Canhedoit?Shouldhe….?Tellhimtoaskher….Lea(vehim)[vim].按照这种连读方式发音省力、轻松了许多。再次证实”Economy”。音的同化音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式：1、辅音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[dэ]：Wouldyou....?2、辅音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]：Can’tyou…？3、辅音[s]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[∫]：Missyou失音由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象，摩擦音也会被失去，所以统称为失音。爆破音并不是完全失去，仍然形成阻碍，把气流堵在里面，但不爆破，直接发出相邻的辅音。1、辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。这样的例子有很多很多，红色标注的辅音不发音：Sitdown:发音再次的老师都不会发出[t]音Contactlens:BigcakeDadtoldmeHugechangeGoodnight浊化1、[S]后面的清辅音要浊化Discussion：[k]浊化成[g]Stand：[t]浊化成[d]Expression：[p]浊化成[b]2、美音中：[t]在单词的中间被浊化成[d]writer，听起来和rider的发音几乎没有区别letter—ladderoutof美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事，习惯清音浊化，尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d]，但英国人发音不会这样，这也是英音和美音的一大区别。了解这一浊化原则，会给听力带来一些帮助。爆破音是指发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这些音有6个,即/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/和/g/。但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作"不完全爆破"。1./p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相邻时,前者发不完全爆破音,后者则要完全地。彻底地进行爆破。如:1)Hehasaba(d)col(d)today.2)Youshoul(d)ta(k)ecareofthechildren.Gla(d)tomeetyou.2.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/tF/,/dV/,/W/,/T/的前面时不完全爆破。如:1)Haveyourea(d)thebookabou(t)tha(t)child。2)Thethir(d)chairisbroken.3.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/的前面时不完全爆破。如:1)Goo(d)morning,sir.2)Goo(d)night.3)Theyareveryfrien(d)lytous.注意:不完全爆破可以发生在单词。短语或句子中。弱读一般来说：实词重读，如动词、名词、副词等；虚词弱读，如介词、代词等弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成[E]或比如说如下几个单词：for/to/some/does/of查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for:重读时[fR:],弱读时[fE]语调规律注意和分析单词在句中的重读规律有助于识别单词、词组并区分实词、虚词；而注意说话者的语气并分析语句的升、平、降调则有助于了解说话人的情感、态度，从而正确判断说话人之间的关系，推断说话人的意图和目的。英语中的陈述句、特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句多用降调。升调常表示疑问、怀疑、不解、或不确定，不但常用在一般疑问句中，也用在陈述句、特殊疑问句、婉转祈使句或反意疑问句中。例如:Ithoughtitwouldbeallright.(表示推测或不确定)。(↗)Youhaven’tseenthefilm,haveyou？（期待给与否定回答）(↗)It’sawonderfulfilm,don’tyouthinkso？（期待给与肯定回答）(↗)虚拟语气的语调往往很强烈，句尾使用高降调。例如：HowIwishIwereastudent!（↘）句法规律

主要包括两项内容：a)听力材料中有些词，尤其是虚词（如连词、介词等）往往不易一下听出来，必须运用句法知识加以弥补；b)英语中有些特殊的句型句式、习惯用法常令学生在听力测试中倍感困惑，仅举几例说明。

例1:Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.开车时越小心越好。cannot(cannot)/cannever与too连用表示“越------越好”；“再------也不为过”HeisnomoreabletoreadSpanishthanIam.他和我一样都读不懂西班牙文。nomore…than的意思为“和------一样不”。逻辑规律一段话或一个段落往往表达一个相对独立的观点或叙述一个相对完整的事件。其中表示逻辑关系的关联词语、表达说话者意图的关键词、用于承上启下的关键句等，对于把握整个对话或段落的中心思想起着至关重要的作用，必须予以充分注意。例如:M:I’msorry,Madam.Theplaneissomewhatbehindschedule.Takeaseat.I’llinformyouassoonasweknowsomethingdefinite.W:Thankyou.I’dratherlookaround,andI’llbebackinseveralminutes.Q:Whatcanbeconcludedabouttheplane?本段对话听起来较长，但就答题而言，关键只有一句，即“Theplaneissomewhatbehindschedule(飞机晚点了).因此，只要听出这一点，便能准确地回答问题。做题技巧一．卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。二．没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。这样会引起头脑的混乱。掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，这种题型几乎找不到。绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。重读的每一处都具有提示作用。因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。重音和语调是最为重要的线索。PracticeDictationDirections:Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbereadatnormalspeed,listenandtrytounderstandthemeaning.Forthesecondandthirdreadings，thepassagewillbereadsentencebysentence，orphrasebyphrase，withintervalsof15seconds．Thelastreadingwillbedoneatnormalspeedagainandduringthistimeyoushouldcheckyourwork．Youwillthenbegiven2minutestocheckthroughyourworkoncemore．EcotourismNowadaysmanyofustrytoliveinawaythatwilldamagetheenvironmentaslittleaspossible.Werecycleournewspapersandbottles;wetakepublictransporttogettowork;andwetrytobuylocallyproducedfruitandvegetables.Andwewanttotaketheseattitudesonholidaywithus.Thisiswhyalternativeformsoftourismarebecomingpopularintheworld.Therearelotsofnamesforthesenewformsoftourism：responsibletourism，naturetourism，adventuretourism，educationaltourismandmore.Althougheveryonemayhaveadifferentdefinition，mostpeopleagreethatthesenewformsoftourismshoulddothefollowing:

first，theyshouldconservethewildlifeandcultureofthearea;second，theyshouldbenefitthelocalpeople;third，theyshouldmakeaprofitwithoutdestroyingnaturalresources;andfinallytheyshouldprovideanexperiencethattouristswanttopayfor.LongConversations1.TheEthicalConsumerResearchAssociationwillprovideinformationtoshoppersonAproductprice．Bproductquality．Cmanufacturers．Dproductionmethods．2.Accordingtotheconversation，anethicalshoppershouldAaskforothers’advicebeforebuyingthings．Bconsidertheworthofsomethingtobebought．Cpostponebuyingthingswheneverpossible．Dsearchforthingsthatarelesscostly．3.Accordingtotheconversation，ethicalshopperscanbebestdescribedasAshrewdBthriftyCextravagantDcautiouscbb4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutMary？ASheisenjoyingherlanguagestudy．BSheisenjoyinghermanagementstudy.CSheisnotfeelingverywellatthemoment．DSheisnothappyaboutherstudypressure5.WhatdoesMarythinkofthecourseinitially？AItisuseful．BItisdifficult．CItischallenging．DItisinteresting．6.WhatisMary’sproblemoflivinginafamilyhouse？AShedislikesthefoodsheeats．BSheisunabletosleepwell．CShehasnochancetomakefriends.DShefindstherenthigh．7.WhichofthefollowingisMr．Davies’advice？ATotrytomakemorefriends．BTotrytochangeaccommodation．CTospendmoretimeonEnglish．DTostopattendinglanguageclasses．dacb8.Accordingtotheconversation，thedayisspecialbecauseAmanypeoplearesurfingthenetonthatday．Bitisananniversaryoftheinternet.Cthenetbroughtaboutnochangesuntilthatday．Dbigchangeswilltakeplaceonthatday．9.WelearnfromtheconversationthatpeopleAcannotJivewithouttheinternet．Bcannotworkwithouttheinternet．Callusetheinternettokeepintouch．Dhavevariedopinionsaboutinternetuse．10.Attheendoftheconversation．thespeakerstalkaboutAthefutureoftheinternet．Bthetypeofofficefurniture．Cwhenchangeswillcome．Dhowpeoplewillusetheinternet．bda11．Inordertoopenabankaccount，youneedtoproduce____inadditiontoyourpassport．A．alibrarycard

B．aregistrationform

C．atelephonebillD．areceipt12．WhichofthefollowingmightNOTbeincludedinthe“utilitybill”?

A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone．13．Accordingtothepassage，whatcanonedointhepostoffice?

A．Gettingcontactdetails．B．Obtainingtaxforms．

C．Payinghousingrents．

D．Applyingforloans．cad14．Accordingtothepassage，‘scheduling’meansthatyou

A．needtobeefficientinwork．B．planyourworkproperly．

C．trytofinishworkaheadoftime．D．knowhowtoworkinteams．15．Accordingtothepassage,oneoftheactivitiestorelaxcouldbeA．protectingwildanimals．B．spendingtimewithyourfamily．

C．learninghowtoreadefficiently．D．learninghowtodogardening．16．OneofthewaystoreducestressistoA．dobetterthananyoneelse．B．fulfillhighambitionsinone'swork．

C．workandhavereasonableaims．D．startwitharelativelylowaim．17．Accordingtothepassage，toreducestresshassomethingtodowiththefollowingEXCEPTA．one'sposition．B．one'sinterest．C．one'shealth．D．one'smood．bdca18．Accordingtothepassage，newwordstendtocomefromA．worldpolitics．B．advancesinscience．

C．areasoflife．

D．alltheabove．19．ThepassageexplainsthelargerandrichervocabularyofEnglishmainlyfromaviewpoint．A．historicalB．CulturalC．commercialD．colonial20．Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheEnglishlanguage?

A．Itisoutdatedingrammar．B．Itacceptsnewwordsfromscience．

C．Ithasbeguntakinginnewwords．D．Ittendstoembracenewwords．dad21.Wherewasthemarblestatuefound?A.Outinthesea．

B．Insideabathhouse．

C.Onacliffalongthecoast．D．OnthecoastoutsideJerusalem．

22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheconditionofthestatue?A.Itwasincomplete．B.Itwasrecentartwork．

C.Itwasfairlytall．

D.Itwasinpieces．da23．TherescueeffortsconcentratedmainlyonA．theU.S.—CanadaborderB．snow-strickenregions．

C．highways．

D．citystreets．24．Accordingtothenews，thelastgroupofpeoplemighthavebeenstrandedintheirvehiclesformorethan____hoursbeforebeingrescued．A．24

B．25

C．40

D．48cd1.

A.$4.

B.$5.

C.$8.

D.$10.

2.

A.Heisn'tcertain.

B.InApril.

C.InOctober.

D.BetweenAprilandOctober.3.

A.Intheclassroom.

B.Inarestaurant.

C.Inapost-office.

D.Onatrain.4.

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Agirlandherboyfriend.

C.Colleagues.

D.Friends.5.

A.Gofishing.

B.Eatout.

C.Goshopping.

D.Buyfish.DABBA6.

A.Tomdidn'tpass,althoughhehadtriedhisbest.

B.Tomjustgotapassingscore.

C.Tomgotanexcellentscore,whichwasunexpected.

D.Tomwasdisappointedathismathscore.7.

A.She'sgoingawayforawhile.

B.Shedidwellonthetest.

C.Sheworkedhardandearnedalotofmoney.

D.Shedidn'thavetoworkhardfortheexam.8.

A.Toaskthespeakertohelphim.

B.Toaskthespeakertodoitinsteadofhim.

C.Toaskthespeakertogoaway.

D.Toaskthespeakernottosayanything.BBA12.

A.Thestudentsneededoff-campusjobs.

B.Thetheaterdepartmentneededmoretalentedstudents.

C.Theoperacompanywaslookingforvolunteers.

D.Thenewdeanthoughtitwouldprovidegoodexperienceforthestudents.13.

A.Workwithanoperatroupe.

B.Workpart-timeforthedean.

C.Performontheradio.

D.Submittheirsuggestionstothedean.14.

A.Agoodsingingvoice.

B.Acommitmenttotheprojectfortwosemesters.

C.Anacademicconcentrationintheaterarts.

D.Acertaingradepointaverage.15.

A.Tochooseatopicforatermpaper.

B.Totypesomeresearchmaterials.

C.Tofindmaterialnotavailableatthemainlibrary.

D.Tolearntousethecomputersthere.DACC要素一、精听

坚持每天花半小时精听，不要间断。建议至少听三轮：第一轮：将没有听清楚和明白的地方标注出来。第二轮：第一轮中标注的地方仔细听，直到听懂，修改第一轮的答案。然后对照标准答案，错误地方的认真分析，标注。第三轮：边听边写下内容，可以先尝试短对话，再写写长对话，写完后对照原文，查漏补缺。精听的内容可以选择模拟题或05年以前的真题，剩下的真题留到后期做整套的检测。要素二、泛听

泛听的内容就不用局限于考试题型了。VOA，英音版《新概念》第二册或第三册，以及英文歌曲都可以作为泛听材料。吃饭时，睡觉前都可以听，不要求每句话都听懂，主要是让自己的耳朵适应英语语言环境。下载一批到自己手机里，这批听的大概意思都差不多能听明白时就换下一批。要素三、掌握一定的听力技巧

听力基础能力的提升固然重要，但对于要迫切通过四六级的考生来说，技巧的掌握可使大家通关事半功倍。短文与短对话题型的小技巧。1、听什么就选什么：视听一致，边听边选，一一对应。2、顺序原则：注意题目和文章的考点有先后顺序对应的关系。3、解释原则：针对超纲的重要单词，如果是考点，后面会给出具体的解释。比如，03年9月份passage2，开头单词graffiti。4、转折和对比原则：转折典型词汇：如but，however，neverthe