Web开发基础基础知识

Web开发基础基础知识Web开发基础基础知识Web开发基础基础知识本期上课实验时间表（2015年9月9日周三）13:20-17:35机房4,6如果没做完机房2,6晚上可用（2014年9月14日周一）13:20-17:35机房1,5（2014年9月21日周一）08:00-12:15机房1,2（2014年9月22日周二）08:00-12:15机房1,2（2014年9月24日周四）08:00-12:15机房1,2

9-79:50-12:15

1#203上课9-99:50-12:15

1#203上课9-149:50-12:15

1#203上课2021/4/132本课程内容摘要网站开发基础知识网站环境构建管理和配置网站HTML&CSSJavaScriptAsp服务端编程数据库连结及访问2021/4/133网站开发基础知识计算机网络基础网站的含义网站访问的原理网页的类型动态网站技术2021/4/134计算机网络基础InternetVsintranet计算机网络的标准模型TCP/IP协议服务器和客户机域名端口2021/4/135InternetVSIntranetTheInternetisaglobalsystemofinterconnectedcomputernetworksthatusethestandardInternetProtocolSuite(TCP/IP)toservebillionsofusersworldwideItisanetworkofnetworks

AnintranetisaprivatecomputernetworkthatusesInternetProtocoltechnologiestosecurelyshareanypartofanorganization'sinformationornetworkoperatingsystemwithinthatorganization.2021/4/1362021/4/137AndWWWWWW（亦作“Web”、“万维网”、“W3”，英文全称为“WorldWideWeb”）是一个由许多互相链接的超文本文档组成的系统，通过互联网访问。万维网联盟（英语：WorldWideWebConsortium，简称W3C），又称W3C理事会。1994年10月在麻省理工学院（MIT）计算机科学实验室成立。万维网联盟的创建者是万维网的发明者蒂姆·伯纳斯-李。What'sthedifferencebetweentheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb(WWW)?WWW=HTML*+HTTP(S)*includingCSS,JavaScript,andotherbrowserenabledcontentWWW是Internet应用之一2021/4/138BriefHistorybeganasaUSDepartmentofDefensenetworkcalledARPANET(1960s-70s)initialservices:electronicmail,filetransferopenedtocommercialinterestsinlate80sWWWcreatedin1989-91byTimBerners-Lee

popularwebbrowsersreleased:Netscape1994,IE1995Aopensin1995;GoogleJanuary1996ChineseFirstConnectionwithInternet：ChineseAcademicsNet,byComputerApplyingTechnologyInstituteofBeijing1986，Firstemail,Sep.141987,fromCATIB,“AcrosstheGreatWallwecanreacheverycornerintheworld”ChineseFirstFullInternetConnection：NCFC(NationalComputingandNetworkingFacilityofChina)1994Baidu1999；Taobao20032021/4/139KeyaspectsoftheInternetInternetisforfreedomofinformationsubnetworkscanstandontheirowncomputerscandynamicallyjoinandleavethenetworkbuiltonopenstandards;anyonecancreateanewdevicelackofcentralizedcontrol(mostly)everyonecanuseitwithsimple,commonlyavailablesoftware2021/4/1310LayeredarchitectureTheinternetusesalayeredhardware/softwarearchitecture(OSImodel):physicallayer:devicessuchascoaxialcables,fiber-opticlines,modemsdatalinklayer:basichardwareprotocols(Ethernet,Wi-Fi,DSL,ATM,PPP)network/internetlayer:basicsoftwareprotocol(IP)transportlayer:addreliabilitytonetworklayer(TCP,UDP)applicationlayer:implementsspecificcommunicationforeachkindofprogram(HTTP,POP3/IMAP,SSH,FTP))2021/4/1311InternetProtocol(IP)theIPistheunderlyingsystemofcommunicationforalldata(packets)sentacrosstheinternet.eachdevicehasa32-bitIPaddressasfour8-bitnumbers(0-255)findoutyourinternetIPaddress:findoutyourlocalIPaddress:inaterminal,type:ipconfig(Windows)orifconfig(Mac/Linux)IPv4vs.IPv6(32-bvs.128-b)2021/4/1312TransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)addsmultiple,guaranteedmessagedeliveryontopofIPmultiplexing:multipleprogramsusingthesameIPaddressport:anumbergiventoeachprogramorservice80:Webbrowser(443forsecurebrowsing)25:email22:ssh21:ftpmorecommonportssomeprograms(QQ,games,streamingmediaprograms)usesimplerUDPprotocolinsteadofTCPfindoutportsused:inaterminal,usingnetstat(Windows)commandusingCurrPorts2021/4/1313WebserversandbrowsersWebserver:softwarethatlistensforWebpagerequestspartofWindows)C/SVsB/SmodelWebbrowser:fetches/displaysdocumentsfromWebserversMicrosoftInternetExplorer(IE)MozillaFirefoxAppleSafariGoogleChromeOpera2021/4/1314DomainNameSystem(DNS)asetofserversthatmapwrittennamestoIPaddressesExample:8usingWindowscommandnslookuptofindoutIPaddressmanysystemsmaintainalocalcachecalledahostfile

Windows:C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

Mac:/private/etc/hostsLinux:/etc/hosts2021/4/1315UniformResourceLocator(URL)anidentifierforthelocationofadocumentonawebsiteabasicURL:

/info/regesstepp/index.html

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

protocolhostpathuponenteringthisURLintothebrowser,itwould:asktheDNSserverfortheIPaddressofconnecttothatIPaddressatport80asktheservertoGET/info/regesstepp/index.htmldisplaytheresultingpageonthescreen2021/4/1316MoreadvancedURLsanchor:jumpstoagivensectionofawebpage

/download/index.html#downloads

fetchesindex.htmlthenjumpsdowntopartofthepagelabeleddownloadsport:forwebserversonportsotherthanthedefault80

:8080/querystring:asetofparameterspassedtoawebprogram

/search?q=miserable+failure&start=10

parameterqissetto"miserable+failure"parameterstartissetto102021/4/1317HypertextTransportProtocol(HTTP)HTTPisthefoundationofdatacommunicationforthe

WorldWideWeb.thesetofcommandsunderstoodbyawebserverandsentfromabrowsersomeHTTPcommands(yourbrowsersendstheseinternally):GET

filename:downloadPOSTfilename:sendawebformresponsePUT

filename:uploadDELETEfilename:removeentityHEADfilename:onlystatusinformation,notentirecontent…2021/4/1318HTTPerrorcodeswhensomethinggoeswrong,thewebserverreturnsaspecial"errorcode"numbertothebrowser,possiblyfollowedbyanHTMLdocumentcommonerrorcodes:200OK

301-303pagehasmoved(permanentlyortemporarily)

403youareforbiddentoaccessthispage404pagenotfound500internalservererror

completelist2021/4/1319TermsInternetServiceProviderenterprisesororganizationswhoprovideInternetaccesstoyou,who?pleaseidentifyyourISPsWebHostingprovideaplaceforconsumerstostorepagesdesignedtobeconsumedbytheWebsurfingpublicISPsoftenofferWebhostingservicesalongwiththeirstandardconnectivitypackages.Client/Servervs.Browser/Server2021/4/1320Web1.0vs.Web2.0Web1.0isaboutpublishingusersarelimitedtothepassiveviewingofinformationthatisprovidedtothemWeb2.0isaboutinteractionallowsitsuserstointeractwithotherusersortochangewebsitecontentinformationsharing,interoperability,user-centereddesignandcollaboration

hostedservices,webapplications,social-networkingsites,video-sharingsites,wikis,blogs2021/4/1321网站的含义网页是网站的基本单位用标准的HTML语言将图片、文字、多媒体信息组织起来的格式文档一般意义上的网站Agroupofrelatedpages?Adedicateserver?Agroupofservers?2021/4/1322虚拟网站多个网站可以同时运行在一个单一服务器上利用不同的端口号利用不同的ip地址利用不同的域名

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