U2P4Grammar高中英语选修六unit2grammar

英语课标教学课件选修6SubjunctiveMood(2)Unit2Grammar Pandoraopenedherbox… What’sleftinthebox?Ifshehadbeenwarnedofdanger,wouldshehaveopenedthebox?misfortuneshope虚拟语气

1）概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。Revision2）在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。If条件句虚拟情况从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反过去式(be的形式用were)had+过去分词过去式/should+do/weretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+doreview假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气(mixedconditionals)。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.e.g.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknow

whatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you

wouldnotbeintroublenow.2.Weuseotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals.

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)

Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby

evenif,asif,asthoughandifonly

wecanuseunrealconditionals.Hetreatshiseldersisterasthoughshewereastranger.即使生了病，他也去办公室。

Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.

她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.虚拟语气用于各种从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句一.用于主语从句1.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/surprising+that---Clause等表达一种“情绪、观点”的形容词，其从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一门外语是重要的Itisstrangethatshe________(refuse)tocometotheparty.她居然拒绝来参加聚会，真奇怪It’snecessarythatwe_______________(study)hard.refuseshouldstudy2.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinthearea

It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.3.以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，即(should)+v原.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomeatonce.(表语从句）Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.(同位语从句)Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible表语从句2/2/2023练习：1.Itisdemandedthathe_______________________________.根据要求，他星期五动身前往加拿大。2.ItissuggestedthattheEnglishevening

______________________________.有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。（should)leaveforCanadaonFriday（should）be

heldonSaturday3.itis/was+suggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed…that从句Itissuggestedweshouldstartbeforesunset.二、用于宾语从句中虚拟语气特殊句型：wish/ifonly

现在：过去：未来：did（were）haddonewould/…do

1)IwishIwereabird.（现在）2)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（过去）3)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（将来）IfonlyI

knewhisname!Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。

要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparents

couldlivewith

us!IfonlyI

hadn’tmissed

thetrain!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo表达法。wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你该走了。我们该去睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1)宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即：

insist

一坚持

order,command

二命令3.advise,suggest,propose

三建议4.demand,require,request,desire

四命令这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom

havearest.HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)send

themtoworkthere.suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，其后宾语从用用陈述语气。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe________(be)illandwesuggestedthatshe_____________(send)tohospitalatonce.Heinsistedthatthe

lady__________(steal)

his

wallet

and

that

she

_____________(take)to

the

police

stationatonce.

注意was一句巧辨(should)besentstole(should)betakenIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如果suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事"时，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas表语从句和同位语从句：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气，即：(should)+v-原形。

名词形式:order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desirerequest,requirementThesuggestion

isthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce.Mydemand

isthatsheshouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2/2/2023以asif、asthough（就好像，似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从句，如果表示真实情况应该用陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气,其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟形式相同。即

二、asif，asthough引导的从句现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)would+动词原形(将来)asif/asthough+主语

区别：当evenif,asif/though从句所表示的情况发生的可能性较大时，须用陈述语气。

I’llgoevenifitrains.

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虚拟语气Shelovesthestudentasifhewereherownson.Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhe_______（be)aman.那个小男孩懂得那么多事情，好像他是一个大人Heactedasusualasif/thoughnothing_________________(happen).

werehadhappened用于目的状语从句中：一些表目的的意义的短语如：inorderthat,sothat,forfearthat,incase等，其从句的谓语动词多为虚拟语气“should/might/can/could/would+do”的形式Wespokeinwhispersforfearthatwemightwaketheguards.5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe

shouldstudy

hard.6.某些简单句的固定句型：Heaven

help

him!God

bless

you!May

yousucceed!Long

livethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.Wewouldratherourdaughter______athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陕西)A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay2._____themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught

QuizI:Multiplechoice.3._________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.

A.Weretheyto

B.Couldthey

C.Ifthey

D.Wouldthey4.Mysuggestionisthatshe________moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took5.Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.(2010湖南)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow6.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.(2010江苏)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused7.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010陕西)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken8.－Johnwenttothehospitalalone.－Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.(2010天津)A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold9.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy______.(2010浙江)A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved10.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(2011陕西)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone11.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey______alwayslate.(2011北京)A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen12.MaybeifI_____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(2011北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying13.Ifmycar_____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.(2012陕西)A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe14.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2012湖南)A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had15.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.(2012山东)A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmadeMy

deskmateadmiresmyfluentEnglishvery

much

and

I

usually

feel

___________(encourage)

by

his

compliments.

One

day,

_________we

learned

the

new

word

“eccentric”

in

class,

we

__________

(ask)tomakeasentencewith

it.Ivolunteeredtodo

it

by

saying

“My

deskmate

is

an

eccentric

boy

________

clothes

never

fit

him.”

Hearingthis,

the

whole

class

burstinto__________(laugh)

and

my

deskmate’s

face

turned

red.

QuizII:Fillintheblanksencouragedwhenwere

askedwhoselaughter________

class,

I

learned

from

the

teacher

that

my

deskmate

__________________

(drop)

out

ofschool