【课件】Unit+3+、Discovering+Useful+Structures课件人教版（2019）必修第二册

Unit3TheInternetDiscoveringUsefulStructures现在完成时被动语态TheInternetisbecomingthetownsquarefortheglobalvillageoftomorrow.--BillGatespresent(now)futurepast①不明确的过去时间开始的情况一直持续到现在②不明确的过去时间的行为在现在的结果ThePresentPerfectTenseWehavestudiedinseniorhighschoolformorethanhalfayear.时间状语just;already;ever;never;yet;sofar;bynow不明确的时间一段时间for3days;since3daysago包括说话时间的时间thismorning,thisweek,thismonth,thisyearTalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone现在完成时的被动语态Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.1Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jane'slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasimprovedJane'slife.ReadandcompareThefirstoneispassiveform,whilethesecondoneisactive.hasbeenv-edhasv-edMuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.ReadandcompareThefirstoneispassiveform,whilethesecondoneisactive.1Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.hasbeenv-edhasv-edThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.现在完成时activepassive表示说话时已经完成的被动性的动作或结果，主语是动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态have/hasbeendone现在完成时的被动语态bedonehave/hasbeenHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?现在完成时的被动语态肯定式：主语+

have/has+

been

+

done(V-过去分词)否定式：主语+

have/has+

not

+

been

+

done...

一般疑问句：Have/Has

+主语+

been

+

done...？特殊疑问句：疑问词+

have/has

+主语+

been

+

done...？现在完成时的被动语态的结构肯定形式：Hishomeworkhasbeenfinished.否定形式：Hishomeworkhasnotbeenfinished.一般疑问句:Hashishomeworkbeenfinishedyet?特殊疑问句：Howlonghashishomeworkbeenfinished?主语+have/hasbeendone...主语+have/hasnotbeendone...have/has+主语+beendone...?疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone...?结构形式现在完成时的被动语态用法1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系，通常与already,yet,just,never,recently等副词连用。例：Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。例：Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?3.

用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。例：Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.现在完成时的被动语态自从2019年以来，新冠病毒一直困扰着人们的生活。TheCoronavirushasdisturbedpeople'slivessince2019.这台电视已经修理三个小时了。Thismachinehasbeenrepairedforthreehours.过去发生的动作一直延续到现在并有可能还要继续下去未完成用法他已经做完作业了。Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.这台机器已经被修理了，所以你可以带回去了。Thismachinehasbeenrepaired，soyoucantakeitaway.过去发生的动作在现在的结果——对现在产生影响完成用法常用“for+时间段”、“since+时间点”、“inthelast/over+时间段”、alltheseyears等状语注意1.

现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态及一般过去时的被动语态的区别Themachinehasbeenrepaired.（说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在修好了”）Themachineisbeingrepairednow.（说明动作正在进行）Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去）2.非延续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,

marry,

open,

join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。例：工程已开始三个月了。

Theprojecthasbeenstartedforthreemonths.（F）

Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.（T）现在完成时的被动语态提示常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already

已经

yet

已经recently/lately

最近

sincethen

从那时起eversince

自那以来

ever

曾经sofar

迄今为止

bynow

到现在为止foralongtime

很长一段时间inrecentyears

在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在过去的几年里现在完成时的被动语态1A:Whycan'tIaccessmyaccount?B:____yourpersonalinformation____________(update)?2Bothlearningsites_______________(visit)byover10,000peoplesincelastyear.3Thiskeyboard_______________(notuse)foralongtime.4Canyoutellmewhat____________(do)tobridgethedigitaldivide?5InthepastyearI_______________(inspire)tobuye-booksinsteadofpaperbooks.6A:WherecanIreadthosecomments?B:Online.They_______________(post)already.7Itseemsthatmorehealthproblems_______________(cause)bymobilephones.8Thatapp______________(delete)frommysmartphonealready.Hasbeenupdatedhavebeenvisitedhasnotbeenusedhasbeendonehavebeeninspired1Completethesentenceswiththepresentperfectpassivevoiceofthegivenverbs.WORKBOOKP.74havebeenpostedhavebeencausedhasbeendeleted2Findandcorrectthemistakeineachsentence.EXAMPLEThisapp∧wasusedseveraltimessinceIdownloadedit.hasbeen1Howmuchmoneyhasspentontheearthquakerecovery?2Thegirlisreallyupsetbecausehernewbicyclehasstolen.3Theseoldhouseshavebeenbuiltinthe18thcentury.4It'sapitythattheletterhasneversenttohisfather.5Littlehadbeenseenofthemsincetheymovedintothehousedownthestreet.∧been∧beenwerebuilt(有表明确的过去时间的状语)∧beenhas(含有since引导的状语)P.74总结1.现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

例：Tomhassoldoutallthemagazines.→AllthemagazineshavebeensoldoutbyTom.带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Wehavegivenhimthebook.→Hehasbeengiventhebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.现在完成时的被动语态总结带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例：AfterdecoratingtheAmberRoomwithjewels,theartistshavemadeitmoresplendid.→Afterbeingdecoratedwithjewels,theAmberRoomhasbeenmademoresplendid.注意：带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，若宾语补足语为省略to的不定式充当时，在被动语态中需将省掉的to加上。例：Thebosshasmadehiscompanyoffermorechancesforpeopletowork.→Hiscompanyhasbeenmadetooffermorechancesforpeopletowork.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。例：It’ssaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态的解题步骤主语与动词构成被动关系。说话时已完成的动作或出现的结果。1.圈主：动词的逻辑宾语用作句子的主语；2.找时：找与现在完成相对应的时间状语；3.定谓：确定谓语动词形式。1.用现在完成时的被动语态改写、翻译句子①Jack’sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.Jack___________________________byhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.②Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.Agoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage___________________.③Wehaven’tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem___________________yet.④当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。

Iwillgohomewhenmyhomework_________________.⑤纸币已被使用了1000多年了。

Papermoney_________________foroveronethousandyears．hasalwaysbeenpraisedhasn’tbeendecidedhasbeenfound巩固强化hasbeenfinishedhasbeenused2.将下面句子变为被动语态①Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou．→________________________________________________________②Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years．→________________________________________________________③Hehassentmeane­mail．→________________________________________________________→________________________________________________________Shehasbeenaskedbymetohelpyou.Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillbyusinthelast5years.Ihavebeensentane-mailbyhim.Ane-mailhasbeensenttomebyhim.巩固强化5Thinkaboutwhatyouhavedonethisweek.Writeasmanythingsasyoucan.Thensharewithapartner.EXAMPLESWhathasbeenfinishedWhathasnotbeenfinishedMyroomhasbeencleaned.Theflowersinmyroomhavebeenwatered.Mylearningdiaryhasnotbeenwritten.Theplanforthisweekendhasnotbeenmade.Thedoghasbeenwalked.Thewashinghasbeendone.Thegiftformyaunthasbeenbought.Myhomeworkhasn'tbeenfinished.Thebirthday