高考英语二轮拔高复习训练：阅读理解说明文（二）

新高考英语二轮拔高班复习卷阅读理解训练题型：说明文题组训练（二）姓名：班级：学校：错题号：（2022春·江苏南通·高二统考期末）YoumayhaverecentlyseenavideofromtheBeijingWildlifeZoobecomingahit.Whatexactlywassointerestingaboutthisvideo?Itshowsadogplayingwithbigcatsfourtofivetimesitssize!Manypeoplemightwonderifthisdoghasadeathwish,butitseemsthatthedogandthebigcatsaregoodfriends.Thedogwasactuallyraisedalongsidethelionandtigercubs,makingupanoddbutlovingfamily,accordingtozooofficials.Asopposedtothecommonbelief,cross-speciesfriendshiphasbeenaroundforcenturies.Peoplehavedomesticatedmanyanimals,mostnotablycatsanddogs,andformedbondswiththemaspets.Perhapsyouevenhaveapetyourself.Therearemanyotherinstancesofcross-speciesfriendships.AtananimalsanctuaryinSantiago,Chile,ajaguarnamedMarinaandadeernamedLauraformedafriendshipaftertheybothcametothepark.Asneitheranimalhadamother,sanctuarystaffsaidtheyinstantlybondedwhentheymet.LaurahadbeenrescuedfromaslaughterhousewhileMarinahadbeenrescuedfromthestreet.Onepossibleexplanationforthesefriendshipsistheenvironmentofthezoo.Animalsdon’thuntfortheirfoodanddon’tneedtoworryaboutmarkingtheirterritoryorlookingformatesinthewayananimalinthewildwould.“Allthoseactivitiestaketimeandenergy,andiftheseneedsareremoved,theanimalsgetbored,”GordonBurghardt,apsychologistattheUniversityofTenessee,US,toldTheAtlanticmagazine.“Inthisparticularsituation,theanimal’smotivationtoengagesociallyandplayfullymaybehigherinitsneedhierarchy(等级)thaneating.”MarcBekoff,formerbiologyprofessorattheUniversityofColorado,US,toldSlatemagazine,“Ithinkthechoicesanimalsmakeincross-speciesrelationshipsarethesameasthey’dmakeinsame-speciesrelationships.Somedogsdon’tlikeeveryotherdog.Animalsareveryselectiveabouttheotherindividualswhotheyletintotheirlives.”1．Whatisthecommonopinionaboutthefriendshipbetweenanimals?A．It’seasierfordogsandcatstobecomefriends.B．Animalstendtoplaywithpeersofthesamespecies.C．Thefriendshipbetweenanimalsisnotsolidandreliable.D．It’scommonthatanimalsofdifferentspeciescanbecomefriends.2．WhyareMarinaandLauramentionedinparagraph4?A．Topresentatruth. B．Toexplainaphenomenon.C．Tointroducethetopic. D．Toprovideaproof.3．What’sthekeyfactoroftheanimals’friendshipinthezooaccordingtoGordonBurghardt?A．Theexistingtradition. B．Theinfluencebymates.C．Theanimals’innersocialdrive. D．Theanimals’raisers’instruction.4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toappealtopeopletotreasureanimals.B．Toinformreadersofaspecialfriendship.C．Todemonstratethehistoryofbringinguppets.D．Tocomparefriendshipbetweencross-speciesandsame-species.（2022秋·湖南·高三校联考阶段练习）Colorado;aplaceweusuallyassociatewithsnow-cappedmountainsandgreengrassymeadows,winterskiing,andkayakinginitsclear,mirror-likelakes.Butdidyouknowthestateisalsohometoa30-square-milesanddune(沙丘)field?NestledontheeasternedgeoftheSanLuisValley,andbesidetheSangredeCristoMountains,thisfantasticlandscapefeaturesdunesthatareupto750feethighandareperfectforhiking,camping,andphotoopportunities.ThetallestsanddunesinNorthAmericaaresituatedinthediverselandscapeofwetlands,forests,mountainouslakes,tundra,andgrasslands—providingapatchworkofcolor.GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserveissounusualandunique,infact,thatitisaprotectedlandscapeundertheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.Thefourmaincomponentsofthesanddunesystemarethemountainwatershed,thedunefielditself,thesandsheet—aflatplotofsandwithlargegrains—andthesabkha—acoastalmudflatorsandflat.Theduneswereformedovertensofthousandsofyearsbysediments(沉积物)fromthesurroundingmountainsthatfilledthevalley.Inaddition,asthelakesinthevalleyretreated,exposedsandwasblownbythewinds,resultingindunes.Theparkwasoriginallylabelledaprotectedareabackin1932,byPresidentHoover,afterfearsofgoldminingorconcretemanufacturingalarmedresidentsofthenearbyAlamosaandMonteVistacities,whothenpetitionedCongressaskingforprotection.Theareawaseventuallyupgradedfromanationalmonumenttoanationalparkandpreservein2004.Itcontainsamind-boggling1.2cubicmiles—or5billioncubicmeters—ofsand.Evidenceofhumanhabitation,however,datesbackto11,000years,withthefirsthistoricpeoplestoinhabittheregionbeingtheSouthernUteTribes.Now,visitorshavenumerousactivitiestoenjoy—fromsandboardingandsandsleddingtofour-wheeldriving.Butthebestadventurecomesatnightfall;theadventurouscanbackpackoversanddunestopitchatentandenjoythestunningstarrynightskieswhenthesungoesdown.(Althoughbackpackerswillneedapermitandcanberequiredatthevisitor’scenter.)Thepark’selevationat8.200ftandrurallocationmakesitafavoritewithdarkskystargazers,withparkofficialsofferingspecialastronomyprogramsfromMaytoSeptember.Overnighterscanbaskinthestillsilence,indulgeinthisremote,isolatedregionofthecounty,andbesoothedtosleepbythewindwhistlingthroughthedunes.Ifyouwanttocampout,butbackcountryisn’tyourstyle,PiñonFlatsCampgroundisnearbyandrunbytheNationalParkService,with44sitesthatarefirst-come,first-served,withafurther44sitesthatcanbereserved.Byday,touristscanhiketothesummitofStarDune,thetallestduneinthepark,whileCrestoneNeedle,ClevelandPeak,andMountHerardalsoofferchallengingelevationclimbs.And,astheparkalsooffersspecialsandwheelchairs(it’srecommendedtoreserveoneinadvance),everyonecanenjoythisstunning,once-in-a-lifetimeexperienceinthesanddunesofColorado.5．Dunescameintobeingduetothefactthat________.A．lakesinthevalleyswereblowndryduetotheclimatechangeinhistoryB．humanoverexploitationofresourcesdrainedthewaterinthevalleyC．thousandsofyearsofdepositsfrommountainsfilledthevalleyD．depositsfrommountainsandwindblowonthedrainedlakesplayedacommonrole6．Theduneareawastitledasareservationin1932because________.A．PresidentHooverurgedpeopletohaveaplaceforhikingandcampingasarestorationB．ThelocalsweredeeplyconcernedabouttheconsequencesofgoldminingontheenvironmentC．ResidentsofthenearbyAlamosaandMonteVistacitiesweretooobsessedwithgoldminingD．PresidentHooverwantedtokeepthetallestdunesintheareaasaworldrecord7．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．thesandfieldfeaturesitsdunesthatareupto750feethigh,arecordintheworldB．accordingtotheSouthernUteTribes,theirancestorshadalreadyinhabitedinthesanddunefield11,000yearsagoC．thepark’slocationandheightmakeituniqueforstargazerstoobservethenightskiesD．88sitesforcampingareavailablefortouristsinsanddunesarea,withadvancedreservationrequired8．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．AFantasticPlaceforStargazers B．PresidentHoover’sDecisionC．CampingontheDunes D．ExploitationonDunes（2022春·山东泰安·高二统考期中）Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationfor20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreatsfromresupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechancetosampleeachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili(辣椒)growninspace.ThecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethepeppersafterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecausepepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepepperswereharvestedonFriday.PeppersprovideagreatsourceofvitaminC,aswellasotherkeynutrients.Pepperplantsself-pollinate,sotheyareeasytogrow,andtheyareapick-and-eatcropthatdoesn’thavetobecooked.Theyarealsosafetoeatraw.Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyorwell-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstolivenuptheirregularmeals.Butgrowingandtendingtotheplantscanalsoproduceotherbenefits.Astronautshavedescribedthejoyfromseeing—aswellassmellingandcaringfor—leafygreenplantsonthespacestationthatremindthemofEarth.“Growingcolorfulvegetablesinspacecanhavelong-termbenefitsforphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,”saidMattRomeyn,principalinvestigatorfortheexperiment.”Wearediscoveringthatgrowingplantsandvegetableswithcolorsandsmellshelpstoimproveastronauts’well-being.”9．Whatdoesunderlined“kickingoff”inthe2ndparagraphmean?A．Launch. B．Complete. C．Quit. D．Announce.10．WhatmakesPlantHabitat-04oneofthemostcomplexplantexperiments?A．Thetechnology. B．Growingprocess.C．Thevarietiesofplants. D．Growingtimerequired.11．Whyarepeppersaddedtothemenuforastronauts?A．Theyaredelicious. B．Theyrestoretheirappetite.C．Theyhelpkilldiseases. D．Theyimprovetheirmemory.12．Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheFunintheSpaceLifeB．TheCommonGoalintheSpaceMissionC．TheFirstChiliPeppersGrowninSpaceD．AResearchFindingfromtheSpaceMission（2022·山东·高三统考）Forchildren,Englishisarelativelystrangelanguage.IfchildrenaredirectlyallowedtolearnEnglishwithoutanyprelude(前奏),theywillbedifficulttounderstandandhavenointerestinlearning.Booksareoneofthemainwaysforchildrentounderstandifchildrencandevelopagoodhabitofreading,theycanfurtherexpandtheirknowledge.Inaddition,intheprocessofreadingEnglishstories,childrencanlearnmanywordsandgrammarknowledgethatarenotintextbooks,andtheirEnglishlevelcanalsobeimproved.Nowtherearethreestoriestosharewithparents,sothatchildrencanseewhetheritishelpfulfortheirEnglishlearning.Longlongago,severalpeoplehadajarofwineamongthemandallofthemwantedtodrinkitbyhimself,sotheysetarulethateveryonewoulddrawasnakeonthegroundandthemanwhofinishedfirstwouldhavethewine.Onemanfinishedhissnakeverysoonandhewasabouttodrinkthewinewhenhesawtheotherswerestillbusydrawing,sohedecidedtodrawthefeettothesnake.However,beforehecouldfinishthefeet,anothermanfinishedandgrabbedthejarfromhim,saying,“Whohaseverseenasnakewithfeet?”Thestoryof“Drawasnakeandaddfeettoit”tellsusgoingtoofarisasbadasnotgoingfarenough.IntheWarringStatesPeriod,therewasamanintheStateofWeicalledGengLei.Onedayhesaidtotheking:“Icanshootdownbirdsbysimplypluckingmybowstring(弓弦).”Whenthekingexpresseddoubt,GengLeipointedhisbowatawildgooseflyinginthesky,twangedthebowstringandthegoosefelltotheground.GengLeisaid,“Thisgoosebeenhurtinthepast.Hearingthetwangofthebowstringitassumedthatitwasdoomed.Soitsimplygaveuptryingtolive.”Thisidiommeansthatifonehasbeenfrightenedinthepastone’swillmaybecomeparalysed(瘫痪的)inasimilarsituation.Fivedynasties(五代)paintingtigerfamousthroughthecompanysincethechildhoodlikepainting,especiallylikepaintingatiger,butnothavingseenthetigerreally,alwayspaintedsickcats,thetiger,sohedecidedtoenterthemountains,visitthetiger,reallyexperienceduntoldhardshipswiththehelpofOrion’suncle,finallymetthetigerreally,throughalotofsketchcopy,thepaintingtechniquesbyleapsandbounds,tiger’stigerlifelike,afewcanbespurious.Sincethen,andspentmostofhistimevisitedmanyfamousmountainsandgreatrivers,seemorebirdsbeast,finallybecomeagenerationofmasters.13．Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?A．Tellthreestories. B．GuideparentstohelpchildrenlearnEnglish.C．Advertisestorybooks. D．Improvechildren’sEnglish.14．WhycanGengLeishootdownbirdsbysimplypluckinghisbowstring?A．Becauseofhissuperbskills. B．Becauseheknewthatthegoosewashurt.C．Thegoosewasspeciallytrained. D．Becausethatwildgoosehasaspecialbreed.15．Whatdothesethreestorieshaveincommon?A．ThethreestoriesareallfromancientChineseclassicalfables.B．Theauthorofthesethreestoriesisthesameperson.C．Attheendofthethreestories,therearesomeprinciplesofbeingaman.D．Theprotagonists(主人公)ofthesethreestorieshavetheirownexcellence.16．Whatdoesthelaststorytellus?A．Itiswrongtodotoomuchornotenough.B．Don’twastetoomuchtimeonmeaninglessthings.C．Practiceisthesolecriterionfortestingtruth.D．Onlyafterpersonalexperiencecanwereallyunderstandanything.（2022秋·甘肃兰州·高三兰州市第二中学高三二模）ComposerGeorgeLamhasalwayslikedwritingmusicinspiredbyplaces.“TherearealltheseplacesinChinatownthatarebothhiddenandmeaningful”hesayssteppingoutofthewayofpassers-bywhileleadingatouroftheneighborhood.“Touncoversomeofthosehiddenthingsinacitywalkthatyoumightnotordinarilynotice—lwondered.isthereapieceinthat?”Itturnsoutthatthere’snotjustapiecebutawholeappLaminterviewedfiveChineseAmericansfromaroundthecountry;askingthemabouttheirexperiencesinChinatown:plusquestionsabouttheirancestors.theirfamiliesandtheirmemories.Hethensettheanswerstomusictheinstrumentsdrawingattentiontoeachperson’sdistinctpatternofspeech.LamcreatedtheappFamilyAssociation.Hecallsthepiece—thefreeapp—FamilyAssociation,aftertheimportantfolkgroupsthatlinethestreetsoftheneighborhoodChinesefamilyassociationshavebeenabridgebetweennewimmigrantsandmoreestablishedonessincethelate1800s.InChinatownsacrossthecountrythey’reaplacetofindresourcesoranapartment,talkbusinessorpolities,maybegetaCOVIDshot.Butthey’realsoaplacetosocializewithpeoplewhosharesimilarexperiences.Fiveofthenei