第七讲虚拟语气

TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气1.规则2.练习条件从句主句与现在事实相反If+S+动词过去式（be-were）S+would+动词原形与过去事实相反If+S+had+过去分词S+would+have+过去分词与将来事实相反Were+不定式Should+动词原形Would/should+动词原形Note：如果if从句的谓语动词含有had、were、should等词,可以省略if。但需将had、were、should提前，用倒装结构来表示虚拟语气。2虚拟语气在动词advise，suggest，propose，direct，insist，ask，request，demand，require，order，recommend，command，urge，desire，determine，decide，intend，move，vote等表示“建议，要求，命令…”等动词后的that-从句中用“（should）+动词原形”（should可以省略）。另外“Itis+动词过去分式+that”结构中，动词仍是以上这些动词，在that-从句中用“（should）+动词原形”（should可以省略）。虚拟语气在表示“建议，要求，命令，主张，目的，愿望”，如：suggestion,proposal,demand,recommendation,request,advice,decision,motion,preference,word,order,desire,necessity,decree,instruction,resolution等这类名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，用“(should)+动词原形”。

举例：

1)Weareallforyourproposalthatthedecision

____.

A)beputoff

B)wasputoff

C)shouldputoff

D)istoputoff

33.虚拟语气在Itis+adj.+that结构中的that-从句中用“(should)+动词原形”。这类形容词或分词有：essential(必要的),urgent(紧迫的),necessary(必要的),important(重要的),advisable(合理的),asked(要求),desired(希望的),natural(自然的),desirable(理想的),demanded(要求的),preferable(更好的),imperative(迫切的),ordered(命令的),required(要求的),suggested(建议的)。

举例：

1)Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTim

_

tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.

A)isassigned

B)willbeassigned

C)beassigned

D)hasbeenassigned

2)Itisessentialtheseapplicationforms

backasearlyaspossible.

A)mustbesent

B)willbesent

C)aresent

D)besent4虚拟语气在连接词lest引导的从句中，lest作“害怕，以免”解，其引导的谓语从句应用“(should)+动词原形”。有类似从用法的连词还有：forfearthat,incase。如：

Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.他带上了雨衣以防下雨。

Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.

她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉举例：

1)Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe

____

himself.

A)injure

B)hadinjured

C)injured

D)wouldinjure

2)Hewaspunished

heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.

A)unless

B)provided

C)if

D)lest5虚拟语气在would

rather(hadrather,wouldjustassoon)表示“希望，宁愿”时，其后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。如：

I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.我倒希望你把这封信立即寄出。

Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

6如果句子主语不是对他人而是对自己的行为表示某种愿望或感叹，其谓语形式有两种情况：1、表示现在情况用wouldrather+do；2、表示过去情况用wouldrather+havedone.如：

Iwouldratherbuyahousewithagarden.我真希望买一座带花园的房子。

Shewouldrathernothavegonetotheparty.她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。

另外还有wouldsooner,从句用过去时表示尚未发生的动作；用过去完成时表示对已发生的动作的某种愿望。

举例：

1)Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry,Iwouldratheryou

___

onbusinessfirst.

A)wouldto

B)willgo

C)went

D)havegone

7wish作“希望”解，其后的宾语从句中，(1)同时。表示与现在情况相反的愿望，谓语动词用动词过去式(包括进行体)，即that主语+V-ed(be动词用were)；(2)先时。表示与过去情况相反的愿望时，用had+过去分词(有时根据意思要用couldhave+动词过去分词)；(3)后时。表示与将来情况可能相反的愿望，用would+动词原形。如：

IwishIwereasyoungasyou.(同时)

我要是和你一样年轻就好了。

Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.(先时)

但愿那时他对这事不那么大惊小怪了。

Itwaswishedthattheywouldmakegreaterprogress.(后时)

那时人们希望他们能取得更大的进步就好了举例：

1)SometimesIwishI

___

inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.

A)beliving

B)wereliving

C)wouldlive

D)wouldhavelived

2)IwishI

____

longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.

A)couldhaveslept

B)slept

C)mighthaveslept

D)haveslept

3)Jackwishesthathe

___

businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A)hadstudied

B)study

C)studied

D)hadbeenstudying

8ifonly作“要是……就好了”解，相当于“HowIwish+宾语从句”，它引导的感叹句中，(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式；(2)表示将来不大可能实现的愿望用would/could+动词原形；(3)与过去事实相反用过去完成式。

举例：

1)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI

____

youradvice.

A)follow

B)hadfollowed

C)wouldfollow

D)havefollowed

2)Ifonlythecommittee

____

theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

A)approve

B)willapprove

C)canapprove

D)wouldapprove

9Itis(high/about)time(that)…作“(早)该是…的时候了”解，后跟句子中的谓语动词用过去式。

Itis(hasbeen)…since…后跟句子中的谓语动词用过去式。

Thisisthefirst(second)timethat…后跟句子中的谓语动词用现在完成时(havedone)。

举例：

1)“Youareveryselfish.Itishightimeyou

____

thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld.”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.

A)realized

B)haverealized

C)realize

D)shouldrealize

2)Itisalready5:00p.m.now.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime

____

?

A)wearegoinghome

B)wegohome

C)wewenthome

D)wecangohome

10有时假设的情况不是以条件从句的形式表示出来的，而是通过介词或介词短语，如：with,without，butfor,butthat(假使不…，要不是…),savethat,exceptfor等，或由连词but,or，副词otherwise,only等或通过上下文以及其他形式表现出来。

举例：

1)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe

_____

him.

A)wouldhavetelephoned

B)musthavetelephoned

C)wouldtelephone

D)hadtelephonedIfit(be)norfor是常见的虚拟条件句，意思是“要不是…”，相当于butfor和without。如：

IfitwerenotfortheleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotbelivingahappylifetoday.

要不是有了党的领导，我们今天就不可能过上幸福生活了。

Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.

要不是有了你的帮助，我们工作中不会取得如此大的成绩。

Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.

没有电就不会有现代工业。

Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexperiment.

没有你们的帮助，我们的试验是不可能成功的。

Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.要不是害怕的话，她就会拒绝了。

asif/asthough，其用法与wish完全相同。如：

Shelovesthechildreninthekindergartenasifthewereherown.(同时)

她爱幼儿园里的孩子好像他们是她自己孩子拨似的。

AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.

艾伦谈起罗马来好像他是个罗马人似的。

Shelooksasifshewouldcry.她看起来好像要哭了。

Fillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebrackets,payingspecialattentiontothesubjunctivemood.1.IfIwereyou,I(accept)______________thejob.2.Iftheywereheretomorrow,theproblem(solve)_____________.3.LuckilyIwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I_____(injure)seriously.4.Wereitfortheirhelp,we(notovercome)____________________thedifficulties.

wouldacceptwouldbesolvedwould/should/could/mighthavebeeninjuredwouldnothaveovercomeExercise5.Ifwehadn’tgoteverythingreadybynow,we(have)_________aterribletimetomorrow.6.Heworkswithsuchenthusiasmasifhenever(know)_________fatigue(疲倦).7.Hewouldn’thavebeensavedevenifhe(send)______________tohospitalatonce.8.IfonlyI(take)_________youradviceatthattime!knewhadtakenwouldhavehadbeensent9.Wewishthatpeopleeverywhere(show)_________moreconcernfortheenvironmentaroundthem.10.Modernbusinessandindustrydemandthateverymanager(know)_____________muchabouteconomicmanagement.11.Itisdesiredthatthisrule(obey)___________________byeveryoneworkinghere.12.Itisagreatpitythathe(be)_________sostubborn(顽固).showed(should)know(should)beobeyed(should)beExercise13.Itishightimethatyou(learn)_________Englishandcomputerwell.14.IwouldratherthatMr.Williams(make)_________thespeechattheconferenceinsteadofthedeanthatday.15.Hewouldsooneryou(notsee)_________himanymoreinthefuture.learneddidnotseehadmadeWritethroughCorrectingMistakesCorrecttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.Ifyouwouldbuyoneboxattheregularprice,youwouldreceiveanotheroneatnoextracost.2.Sinceherbloodpressureismuchhigherthanitshouldbe,herdoctorinsiststhatshewillnotsmokeanylonger.bought/shouldbuy/weretobuyshouldn’tsmoke/notsmokeExercise3.Ifyouhadgonetolastnight’sgame,youmusthaveenjoyedseeingourteamwin.4.ItisadvisablethatshemayleaveforMadridassoonaspossible.would/could/should/mighthaveenjoyed(should)leave/leave5.—DidyouvisitLosAngelesonyourvacation?—IfIwouldhaveaweekoff.hadWritethroughCorrectingMistakesExercise6.Itisdesiredthatshewaspromotedtothepositionofthemanager.7.Iwishthattheydidn’tleavesoearlythatday.(should)bepromotedhadn’tleft8.Icouldbuytheten-speedbicyclemyself,butmymotherpromisedtogiveittomeonmybirthday.couldhavebo