2019-2020学年山东省青岛市黄岛区高二上学期期末考试学业水平检测英语试题 解析版

2019-2020学年度第一学期期末学业水平检测高二英语注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3、考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分：听力做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Seeaneyedoctor.B.Gotoabookstore.C.Buyanewcellphone.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthesnowman?A.Itwassixfeettall.B.Ithadacarrotnose.C.Ittookthemansevenhourstomakeit.3.Whatisthewomanwritingontheform?A.Heraddress.B.Herbirthdate.C.Herphonenumber.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?AInahotel.B.Atabank.C.Atarestaurant.5.Onwhatdaywillthewomanvisithermother?A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答下例小题。6.WhendidthemanopenhisTwitteraccount?A.In2005.B.In2007.C.In2009.7.Wheredidthemanwork?A.Twitter.B.IBM.C.LinkedIn.听第7段材料，回答下例小题。8.Whendidthespeakerslastseeeachother?A.Oneyearago.B.Twoyearsago.C.Threeyearsago.9.WhatwasthewomandoinginAsia?A.Traveling.B.StudyingJapanese.C.Teachingbiology.10.Whodidthemanmarry?A.AJapanesegirl.B.Hisworkmate.C.Thewoman'sclassmate.听第8段材料，回答下例小题。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Astorm.B.Adream.C.Amovie.12.Whathappenedtothegirl?A.Shegotlost.B.Shefoundanewland.C.Shewassavedbyadragon.13.Howcanthemanfindoutthedragon'sname?A.Byaskingthewoman.B.Bysearchingonline.C.Bymakingacall.听第9段材料，回答下例小题。14.Whatwillthemandothismorning?A.Drivethekidstoschool.B.Haveameeting.C.Meetthecityleaders.15.WhatisCalifornia'smainproblem?A.Thepriceofwateristoohigh.B.Theweatherhasbeentoorainy.C.Thewintershavebeentoodry.16.Howmuchrainhasfalleninthelasttwoweeks?A.Fourinches.B.Nineinches.C.Teninches.17.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheydointheend?A.Traveltoafamousdesert.B.Goskiinginthemountains.C.Waterthegrassmoreoften.听第10段材料，回答下例小题。18.Whowasthemusicalguest?A.Lorde.B.JimmyFallon.C.JustinTimberlake.19.WhatisSaturdayNightLive?A.ABroadwayshow.B.Adanceperformance.C.Atelevisionprogram.20.Whodidthesillydances?A.JustinandJimmy.B.TinaandAmy.C.TinaandJimmy.第二部分阅读理解第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATravelersinAmericawhowanttoexperiencetheWildWestcannowgotoaholidayintheoldstyletoseehowtheAmericanpioneerstraveledandlived.Today’stravelersgobyhorsewagonliketheold-time.Theysetupcampatnightunderthestarsandlearntocooktheirmealsoverfires.Theyalsolearntoleadherdsofcattlewithpresent-daycowboysandtrytobringwildhorsesintoacorral(畜栏).Forthosewhojustwanttopretendhalfway,thespecialholidaysofferthechanceto“roughit”duringthedayinthewagonsbutsleepatnightinthefortoffanair-conditionedranch(牧牛场)pletewithswimmingpool,saunaandtenniscourts.InWyomingtheholidaymakerswilltravelbywagonpastghosttownsandcemeterieswherepioneersandwildcowboyswereburied.TheroutegoesalongthesametrackasthePonyExpressriderswhobravedattacksfromIndiansandrobberstogetthemailthroughtotheWildWest.HighIslandRanchinWyomingatthefootoftheRockyMountainsisalsoanidealplacetogotroutfishingandtoridewildhorses.InColorado,themodern-daypioneerscanstayatRandyGeorge’sranchandtrytheirhandatbreaking-inhorsesandbranding(打烙印)cattle.InNewMexicotherewillbeachancetohelpindrivingcattletotheirnewsummerpastures(牧场).TripslastforaweeksothosetakingpartgetachancetogetafeelfortheWildWestasitreallywas.1.Whatistheauthor’spurposebywritingthepassage?A.TorevealthereallifeoftheWildWestintheoldtime.B.Totellthereaderswhattheyshouldprepareforspecialholidays.C.TointroducesometripsinwhichpeoplecanexperiencetheWildWest.D.ToadvertiseforthemostpopulartouristattractionsinAmerica.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“roughit”inparagraph2mean?A.Makethetravelersfortable.B.Liveahardandsimplelife.C.Traveleverywhereinthewagons.D.Bringwildhorsesintoacorral.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.Travelerswillpassghosttownstovisitpioneersandwildcowboys.B.Peoplearenotinterestedinhowthepioneerstraveledandlived.C.ItwasnoteasytodeliverthemailtotheWildWestintheoldtime.D.Thepioneersandwildcowboysintheoldtimeledaneasylife.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以体验的西部蛮荒旅行。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“TravelersinAmericawhowanttoexperiencetheWildWestcannowgotoaholidayintheoldstyletoseehowtheAmericanpioneerstraveledandlived.(在美国，想体验西部荒原的旅行者现在可以去旧式度假，看看美国先驱者是如何旅行和生活的。)”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一些人们可以体验的西部蛮荒旅行。结合选项，故选C。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Forthosewhojustwanttopretendhalfway,thespecialholidaysofferthechanceto“roughit”duringthedayinthewagonsbutsleepatnightinthefortoffanair-conditionedranch(牧牛场)pletewithswimmingpool,saunaandtenniscourts.(对于那些只想假装半途而废的人来说，这个特殊的假期提供了一个机会，让他们白天在马车里“艰难地度过”，而晚上则可以在配有游泳池、桑拿浴室和网球场的风扇空调牧场舒适地睡觉。)”由后面的but可知，前后文应是转折关系，故划线词“roughit”的词义应与后文的“fort”相反。结合选项，故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“InWyomingtheholidaymakerswilltravelbywagonpastghosttownsandcemeterieswherepioneersandwildcowboyswereburied.TheroutegoesalongthesametrackasthePonyExpressriderswhobravedattacksfromIndiansandrobberstogetthemailthroughtotheWildWest.(在怀俄明州，度假者将乘坐马车经过埋葬了拓荒者和野生牛仔的鬼城和墓地。这条路线与小马快车的骑手沿着同一条轨道行驶，他们勇敢地面对来自印第安人和强盗的袭击，将邮件传递到荒野的西部。)”由此可以推断出，在过去，把邮件送到蛮荒的西部是不容易的。结合选项，故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读题中常见的出题形式。做这类题时，要根据词、词组或句子所在的语境，即上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。比如：根据语境，根据同义关系，对比关系，因果关系等，尤其需注意熟词生义。例如本题第2小题，根据第二段中“Forthosewhojustwanttopretendhalfway,thespecialholidaysofferthechanceto“roughit”duringthedayinthewagonsbutsleepatnightinthefortoffanair-conditionedranch(牧牛场)pletewithswimmingpool,saunaandtenniscourts.(对于那些只想假装半途而废的人来说，这个特殊的假期提供了一个机会，让他们白天在马车里“艰难地度过”，而晚上则可以在配有游泳池、桑拿浴室和网球场的风扇空调牧场舒适地睡觉。)”由后面的but可知，前后文应是转折关系，故划线词“roughit”的词义应与后文的“fort”相反。结合选项，故选B。BUptillabout130yearsago,newspapersintheUnitedStatesattractedonlythemostseriousreaders.Theyusednoillustration(插图)andthearticleswereaboutpoliticsorbusiness.Twomenchangedthat-JosephPulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorldandWilliamRandolphHearstoftheNewYorkJournal.PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorldin1883.Hechangeditfromatraditionalnewspaperintoaveryexcitingoneovernight.Headdedlotsofillustrationsandhetoldhisreporterstowritearticlesoneverycrimetheycouldfind.Andtheydid.Oneofthem-awomanreporter,evenpretendedshewasmadandwassenttoahospital.Shethenwrotemanyarticlesaboutthepoortreatmentofpatientsinthosehospitalswheremadmenwerekept.In1895,HearstcametoNewYorkfromCalifornia.HewantedtheJournaltobemoreexcitingthantheWorld.Healsowantedittobecheaper,soheloweredthepricetoapenny.Hearstattractedattentionbecausehisnewspaperheadingswerebiggerthananyoneelse’s.Heoftensays,“Bigprintmakesbignews.”PulitzerandHearstdidanythingtheycouldtosellnewspapers.Forexample,HearstsentFredericRemington,thefamousillustrator,todrawpicturesoftheSpanish-AmericanWar.Whenhegotthere,hetoldHearstthatnofightingwasgoingon,Hearstanswered,“Youprovidethepictures.I’llprovidethewar.”4.WhatkindofnewsdidAmericannewspaperscarry130yearsago?A.Onlyseriousmatters. B.Allkindsofexcitingnews.C.Crimesandmadpeople. D.Thetreatmentofpatientsinhospital.5.Whatcanweknowaboutthewomanreporterinthesecondparagraph?A.ShehelpedJosephPulitzerbuytheNewYorkJournal.B.Shewasforcedtobemadandwassenttoahospital.C.Shelearnedalotaboutthereallifeofthemadpatientsinhospital.D.Shemadethenewspaperfromtraditionaltoexciting.6.PulitzerandHearstusedallthemeansEXCEPT________tomakenewspapersexciting.A.addingillustrationsintonewspapersB.satisfyingtheneedsofpoliticiansC.gettingthereporterstowriteaboutcrimesD.printingbignewspaperheadings7.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thedifficultiesthatthenewspaperownersfaced.B.TwomostfamousreportersoftheUnitedStates.C.Newspaperownerswerefondofcrimesandwar.D.Twoimportantmenchangednewspapersgreatly.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了JosephPulitzer和WilliamRandolphHearst这两个人使报纸发生了很大的变化。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Uptillabout130yearsago,newspapersintheUnitedStatesattractedonlythemostseriousreaders.Theyusednoillustration(插图)andthearticleswereaboutpoliticsorbusiness(直到大约130年前，美国的报纸只吸引最严肃的读者。他们没有使用插图和文章是关于政治或商业。)”由此可知，130年前，美国报纸上刊登的新闻只有严肃的事情。结合选项，故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Oneofthem-awomanreporter,evenpretendedshewasmadandwassenttoahospital.Shethenwrotemanyarticlesaboutthepoortreatmentofpatientsinthosehospitalswheremadmenwerekept.”其中一名女记者甚至假装自己疯了，被送进了医院。接着，她写了许多文章，讲述《广告狂人》所在医院里病人的糟糕待遇。由此可以推知，她了解了很多关于医院里那些疯病人的真实生活。结合选项，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Headdedlotsofillustrationsandhetoldhisreporterstowritearticlesoneverycrimetheycouldfind.(他加了很多插图，并告诉记者，要写每一个罪行。)”以及倒数第二段中“Hearstattractedattentionbecausehisnewspaperheadingswerebiggerthananyoneelse’s.Heoftensays,“Bigprintmakesbignews.”(赫斯特之所以引起人们的注意，是因为他的报纸标题比其他任何人的标题都大。他经常说：“大的报纸能带来大的新闻。”)”结合选项，A，C和D文中均有提到，但B文章并未提到。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Twomenchangedthat-JosephPulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorldandWilliamRandolphHearstoftheNewYorkJournal.PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorldin1883.Hechangeditfromatraditionalnewspaperintoaveryexcitingoneovernight.(两个人改变了这一点——约瑟夫·普利策买下了《纽约世界》，威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特买下了《纽约日报》。普利策在1883年买下了纽约世界。他一夜之间把它从一份传统报纸改成了一份非常激动人心的报纸。)”由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了两个重要人物使报纸发生了很大的变化。结合选项，故选D。【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。如本题第2小题，根据文章第二段中“Oneofthem-awomanreporter,evenpretendedshewasmadandwassenttoahospital.Shethenwrotemanyarticlesaboutthepoortreatmentofpatientsinthosehospitalswheremadmenwerekept.”其中一名女记者甚至假装自己疯了，被送进了医院。接着，她写了许多文章，讲述《广告狂人》所在医院里病人的糟糕待遇。由此可以推知，她了解了很多关于医院里那些疯病人的真实生活。结合选项，故选C。CTwoBritishteachershavebrokentheworldrecordforthelongestjourneyinatuk-tukafterpullingtheirfailingvehiclefor43miles.RichardSearsandNickGoughtraveled37,500kilometersaroundtheworldandpassedthrough37countries.TheydidthistosupportgrassrootseducationprojectinAfrica,AsiaandSouthAmerica.Thepair,whosetofffromLondon,thoughttheirexpeditionwasoverwhenthevehiclestartedtofail.Whenthetuk-tukbroke,theywereonly70kilometersfromtheirdestination.Theydecidedtopullittherestoftheway.Thetuk-tuk,whichweighs800kilograms,waspulledinturnsbyRichandNickoverthreedays.OnarrivalinChepen,Peru,theydiscoveredamechanicwhospecializedintuk-tuksandmanagedtofixit.Thepairwerebackontheroadandaimingfortheirnextgoal.Alongtheirjourneytheyhadtotackledesertsandjungles.TheyalsosurvivedcloseencounterswithelephantsinUgandaandBotswanaandanaccidentinMalaysia.Thegreatesthardshiponthetuk-tukwasthemountainrangeslyingintheirpath,includingtheAlps,theHimalayasandtheAndes.NickandRicharduncoveredsomeinspirationalprojectsacrossAfrica,AsiaandSouthAmerica.Theywitnessedfirsthandtheeducationalchallengesfacingtheseareastoday.TheyjoinedstreetchildrenintheslumsofCairo,Khartoum,Kampala,MumbaiandPhnomPenh.TheyvisitedCongoleserefugees(难民)incampsinEasternBurundi.Theywitnessedhoweducationcouldfreesex-workersinDelhiandvictimsofhumantraffickinginNepal.ThepairestablishedTheTukTukEducationalTrust,aU.K.registeredcharity.Talkingabouttheirmotivation,Richardsaid:"Theworld'sleadershavemadeamitmenttoachievinguniversalprimaryeducationbut,inspiteofthispledge(誓言,承诺),over57millionprimary-agedchildrenworldwidearestilloutofschool;manymoreareinschool,thoughstillcannotaccessqualitylearningopportunities."8.Whydidthetwoteacherstraveltheworld?A.Tosupportaneducationproject.B.Tocreateanewworldrecord.C.Toentertainthemselves.D.Tochallengethemselves.9.Howfardidthetwoteacherspullthetuk-tukeachdayonaverage?A.Alittlemorethan23kilometers. B.About14miles.C.43miles. D.70kilometers.10.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howtheyrealizedtheirnextgoal.B.Theirexcitingexperienceontheroad.C.Thebeautifulsceneryoffamousmountains.D.Thedifficultiesanddangerstheyfacedinthejourney.11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetwoteachers?A.Curiousandbrave. B.Humorousandgenerous.C.Courageousandresponsible. D.Efficientandhonest.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位英国老师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目，历经千辛万苦环游世界的故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheydidthistosupportgrassrootseducationprojectinAfrica,AsiaandSouthAmerica.”可知，他们环游世界是为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whenthetuk-tukbroke,theywereonly70kilometersfromtheirdestination.Theydecidedtopullittherestoftheway.Thetuk-tuk,whichweighs800kilograms,waspulledinturnsbyRichandNickoverthreedays.”他们距离目的地只有70公里，根据常识，1公里约等于0.6英里，故70公里约等于42英里，他们俩拉了3天，平均一天拉14英里，故选B。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的关键词“tackledesertsandjungles；survivedcloseencounterswithelephantsinUgandaandBotswanaandanaccidentinMalaysia；themountainrangeslyingintheirpath”可知，在二人的旅途中，他们穿越沙漠和丛林、与大象亲密接触过、出了一次事故、还要穿越沿途的山脉。故此段主要讲述了他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“TwoBritishteachershavebrokentheworldrecordforthelongestjourneyinatuk-tukafterpullingtheirfailingvehiclefor43miles….TheydidthistosupportgrassrootseducationprojectinAfrica,AsiaandSouthAmerica.”可知，两位英国教师为了支持非洲、亚洲和南美的基层教育项目，在将他们的故障车辆拖行43英里后，打破了在一辆土拨鼠车上最长旅途的世界纪录。由此判断，他们是有责任感的；根据第三段中的内容，得知他们在旅途过程中所遇到的困难和危险，可知他们是非常勇敢的。故选C。DNobodyneedsremindingthatexerciseisgoodforourhealth,butwemayneedremindingthatitneedstobedoneintherightway.Lightexercisesareagreatwaytoimprovecirculationandkeepourmusclesactive,especiallyiftherestofthedaywillbespentsittinginfrontofaputerorinalecturehall.However,certainsportslikelongdistancerunningrequiretrainingtobuildupourbodiessotheycanhandlethechallenge.Ifwegointosuchsportcold,itcanshockourmuscles,hearts,lungs,andotherorgansandcauseseverepainorinsomecases,evendeath.Somepeoplearebornwithmedicalconditionsthatgounnoticeduntiltheystresstheunstablepartoftheirbody.Aweakheartmayneverbeseenuntilwedosomethingthatcausesextremephysicaleffort.Recentlytherehavebeencasesofpeopledyingwhilerunninglongdistances.Also,auniversitystudentdiedaftertakinga1.000mrunningexam.Someuniversitiesandhighschoolshavecutlongdistanceraces(i.e.3.000m,5,000m)fromtheircampussportsgames,partlybecauseofthesupposeddangerandpartlybecausetheysayfewerpeopleareenteringsuchevents.Maybeeducationaboutsucheventsislacking,especiallyduringprimaryandhighschool.Peopleparticipatinginsuchpetitionsshouldrealizethatareasonableamountoftrainingisrequiredbeforehandandhavingamedicalcheckiswise,especiallyforamarathon.Peopleshouldn’tbeforcedtoparticipateineventsthatpushthempasttheirlimits,especiallyiftheyhaven’twarmed-uppletely.Cancellingeventscouldleadtopeoplebeinglesshealthyandoverweight.Maybetheseeventsshouldn’tbecancelled,butorganizersandparticipantsshouldbemorecarefulaboutregularhealthchecks.12.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Togiveussomeremindingonexercises.B.Topersuadeustotakelesssports.C.Toadvisestudentstohaveregularexercises.D.Torequirecancellinglongdistancerunning.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cold”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Havingtrainedalot. B.Withoutanypreparation.C.Havingalowtemperature. D.Inanunfriendlyway.14.Whydosomeuniversitiesandschoolscancellongdistanceraces?A.Becausenostudentsarewillingtoentersuchevents.B.Becausethestudents’physicalconditionsaretoopoortofinishthem.C.Becauselongdistancerunningisnotfitforstudents.DBecausetheyworryaboutthesupposeddangerinsuchraces.15.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodobeforerunningamarathon?A.Haveamedicalcheckandwarm-upexercises.B.Pushourselvespastourlimits.C.Participateinitconfidently.D.Trytolosesomeweightfirst.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育锻炼对人的好处人人皆知，但并不是所有的体育运动都有益于健康，只有恰当的体育锻炼才有益于健康，不恰当的体育锻炼不但对健康无益，而且还会危害人们的健康，甚至危及人们的生命。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Nobodyneedsremindingthatexerciseisgoodforourhealth,butwemayneedremindingthatitneedstobedoneintherightway”没有人需要提醒运动对我们的健康有好处，但我们可能需要提醒，它需要以正确的方式进行。故作者写这篇文章的目的是给人们一些关于体育锻炼的提示。结合选项，故选A。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“However,certainsportslikelongdistancerunningrequiretrainingtobuildupourbodiessotheycanhandlethechallenge.”然而，某些运动，如长跑，需要训练来增强我们的身体，使他们能够应付挑战。由此可知，如果我们不事先进行训练就很与可能陷入“运动寒冷”，故划线词cold的词义应是“没有任何准备的情况”。结合选项，故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“partlybecauseofthesupposeddangerandpartlybecausetheysayfewerpeopleareenteringsuchevents.”部分原因是他们认为存在危险，另一部分原因是他们说参加此类比赛的人越来越少。故一些大学和取消长跑比赛的原因是他们担心在这种比赛中可能出现的危险。结合选项，故选D。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Peopleparticipatinginsuchpetitionsshouldrealizethatareasonableamountoftrainingisrequiredbeforehandandhavingamedicalcheckiswise,especiallyforamarathon.”参加这类比赛的人应该意识到，事先需要合理的训练量，进行体检是明智的，尤其是马拉松比赛。故作者建议参加马拉松比赛的人应该体检以及做一些热身运动。结合选项，故选A。第二节：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction.Whenweeatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.___16___Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,onethatdoctorsremendweallcutdownon.“ItseemslikeeverytimeIstudyanillnessandtraceapathtothefirstcause,Ifindmywaybacktosugar,”saysscientistRichardJohnson.One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionhavediabetes.Why?“___17___“saysJohnson.Ourbodiesaredesignedtosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.___18___Sowhatisthesolution?It’sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.___19___Frombreakfastcerealstoafter-dinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.Somemanufacturersevenusesugartoreplacetasteinfoodsthatareadvertisedaslowinfat.Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.___20___Otherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardens,orbuildingfacilitieslikewalkingtrackssostudentsandothersinthemunitycanexercise.Thebattlehasnotyetbeenlost.A.Wetakeinmoreenergyandfat.B.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.C.Ourancestorswereusedtopoorfood,clothingandshelter.D.Sotheverythingthatoncesavedus,maynowbekillingus.E.Sugar,webelieve,isoneofthereasons,ifnotthemajorone.F.Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,it'sextremelydifficulttoavoid.GManyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthieroptionslikefruit.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.F20.G【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多科学家认为吃糖会上瘾，并引发疾病。为此，人们应该减少摄入糖分，一些开始用水果代替甜点，或者步行道让学生们加强锻炼。【16题详解】根据下文Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,onethatdoctorssuggestweallcutdownon.可知，这里强调以这种方式，糖会使我们门上瘾，医生也建议我们要减少食用。因此横线处应该是说明糖为什么会使人上瘾。故B项（Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore）然后这种感觉消失，我们需要更多糖分。引出下文，符合语境。故正确答案为B。【17题详解】根据上文“One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionhavediabetes.Why?”（世界上有三分之一的成年人患有高血压，高达3亿4700万的人患有糖尿病。为什么？）可知，下文应是介绍原因的。故E项（Sugar,webelieve,isoneofthereasons,ifnotthemajorone）我们认为，糖是原因之一，即使不是主要原因。承接上文，符合题意。故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.”可知，早期人类通常很少有食物，所以我们的身体学会了非常有效地将糖储存为脂肪。这样，我们就可以在没有食物的时候储存能量。这是在说明糖分的好处，紧接着Butoday转折，意味着横线处是强调糖分摄入过分的害处。故D（Sotheverythingthatoncesavedus,maynowbekillingus.）曾经救过我们的东西现在可能正在致我们于死地，承上启下，符合语境。故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“It’sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.”和下文“Frombreakfastcerealstoafter-dinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit”可知，我们需要减少糖的食用，但是事实上从早餐到晚餐我们的食物中含有大量的糖。也就是说橫线处是对我们不得不吃糖这一事实的说明。故F项（Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,it'sextremelydifficulttoavoid），问题是，在当今世界，这是极难避免的，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。【20题详解】根据上文“Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar”可知，有些人已经开始与糖分做斗争，故下文应列举具体斗争的方法。故G项（Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthieroptionslikefruit.）许多正在选用更健康的食物例如水果代替含糖甜点，承上启下，符合题意。故选G。第三部分英语运用第一节：阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI’veevermet.Hehastheabilityto___21___positivenesstoyoungstudents.Healwayssmilesandnevergets___22___atstudents.OnceImetsome___23___becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Hopelessness___24___mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall___25___whenImetmyteacherforlife,Mr.Bush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept___26___me.BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith___27___andpower.Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit___28___becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot___29___afteracloseofMr.Bush’sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat___30___ahalf-fullglassofwater.Hethensaid,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill___31___yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How___32___Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’Itallisinthe___33___youthink.”Mr.Bush’s___34___wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand___35___.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.21.A.passon B.applyfor C.consistof D.giveup22.A.strict B.patient C.mad D.curious23.A.friends B.needs C.realities D.difficulties24.A.drowned B.resisted C.cured D.relaxed25.A.happened B.changed C.solved D.included26.A.forgiving B.calming C.encouraging D.calling27.A.sunshine B.fear C.surprise D.disappointment28.A.cheerful B.down C.eager D.afraid29.A.warmer B.higher C.better D.happier30.A.served B.filled C.bought D.showed31.A.hurt B.careabout C.giveaway D.affect32.A.pleased B.unfortunate C.bright D.perfect33.A.way B.direction C.end D.past34.A.different B.optimistic C.special D.important35.A.proud B.careful C.lonely D.hopeful【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.A28.B29.C30.D31.D32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的老师是一个极其乐观的人，他有能力把积极的一面传给年轻学生，他乐观的思维方式总是让作者感到高兴和充满希望。【21题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他有能力把积极的一面传给年轻学生。A.passon传递；B.applyfor申请；C.consistof组成；D.giveup放弃。分析下文可知，Mr.Bush总是会让沮丧的学生高兴起来，故应是他有能力把积极的一面传给年轻学生。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他总是微笑，从不生学生的气。A.strict严格的；B.patient耐心的；C.mad生气的；D.curious好奇的。根据上文“Healwayssmilesandnevergets…”可知，Mr.Bush总是微笑，从不会生学生的气。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困难，因为我觉得我的兄弟在各方面都做得很好，这让我有了阴影。A.friends朋友；B.needs需要；C.realities现实；D.difficulties困难。根据下文“becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.”可知，作者是遇到了一些困难。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我在教室里，绝望就淹没了我。A.drowned淹没；B.resisted抵抗；C.cured治愈；D.relaxed使放松。根据上文可知，作者一直活在兄弟的阴影之下，故应是绝望淹没了作者。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我见到我的老师--布什先生，一切都变了。A.happened发生；B.changed改变；C.solved解决；D.included包括。根据下文Mr.Bush鼓励作者，最后作者振作了起来可知，当见到Mr.Bush一直都变了。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发现了我的问题，并一直鼓励我。A.forgiving原谅；B.calming平静；C.encouraging鼓励；D.calling呼叫。根据下文“BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith___7___andpower.”可知，是由于Mr.Bush的鼓励，作者的世界充满了阳光和力量。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为布什先生，我的世界充满了阳光和力量。A.sunshine阳光；B.fear害怕；C.surprise惊讶；D.disappointment失望。根据下文的“power”可知，Mr.Bush的鼓励让作者的世界充满阳光和力量。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个星期前，我们班的每个人都因为今天在的糟糕表现而感到有点沮丧。A.cheerful高兴的；B.down沮丧的；C.eager渴望的；D.afraid害怕的。根据下文“becauseofabaddayatschool.”，在表现糟糕，故感到沮丧。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在布什先生的课结束后，情况有所好转。A.warmer更温暖的；B.higher更高的；C.better更好的；D.happier更高兴的。根据下文Mr.Bush画了一张半杯水的图，告诉同学们思维方式不一样，看问题的角度就不一样，同学们又都高兴起来可知，Mr.Bush课结束后，情况又好起来了。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在白板上画了一幅画，画的是半杯水。A.served服务；B.filled充满；C.bought买；D.showed显示。根据下文“Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How___12___Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’”可知，Mr.Bush的画上显示的是半杯水。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他接着说，“同学们，你看事情的角度会影响你的感受。A.hurt伤害；B.careabout关心；C.giveaway分发；D.affect影响。根据下文的“Itallisinthe___13___youthink.”一切都取决于你怎么想可知，Mr.Bush想要告诉同学们，你看事情的角度会影响你的感受。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就像这杯水；有些人看到它就想‘什么！只有半杯水。“我真不幸。”。A.pleased高兴的；B.unfortunate不幸的；C.bright明亮的；D.perfect完美的。根据下文的“Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I’msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme!’”可知，此处表示一个对比，有的人认为只有半杯水是不幸的。故选B。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一切都取决于你怎么想。A.way方式；B.direction方向；C.end结束；D.past过去。分析上下文可知，Mr.Bush给同学们画了一幅半杯水的图，告诉他们有的人对此持积极的态度，有的人对此持消极的态度。故应是想告诉同学们：你看事情的角度会影响你的感受，一切都取决于你怎么想。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布什先生乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和希望。A.different不同的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.special特殊的；D.important重要的。根据上文“MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI’veevermet.”可知，Mr.Bush是一个乐观的人，故他乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和希望。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：布什先生乐观的思维方式总是让我感到高兴和充满希望。A.proud骄傲的；B.careful小心的；C.lonely孤独的；D.hopeful充满希望的。分析上下文可知，Mr.Bush总是用他积极的思维方式影响着作者，故应是让作者感到高兴和充满希望。故选D。第二节：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)