2019年英语新外研必修四讲义Module3SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.weaponn．武器2.gesturen.姿势；姿态3.slightlyadv.轻微地；稍微4.foreheadn.前额5.bowvi.鞠躬n.弓6.youthn.年轻人7.spreadvi.(spread,spread)张开8.slapvt.掌击Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.communicationn．交流；沟通→communicatevi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流2.unconsciousadj.无意的；不知不觉的→consciousadj.意识到的；自觉的3.varyvi.变化→variousadj.各种各样的→varietyn．种类4.formaladj.正式的→informaladj.非正式的5.aggressiveadj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的→aggressionn．挑衅6.traditionallyadv.传统地→traditionaladj.传统的→traditionn．传统7.threateningadj.恐吓的；具有威胁的→threatenv．威胁→threatn．威胁8.involvevt.包括→involvedadj.与……有关联的9.dealn．&v．协议；交易→dealern．交易商1.youthn．年轻人[联想]人生阶段各不同①baby婴儿(1－12个月)②schoolchild学童(5－10岁)③teenager/teen青少年(13－19岁)④adult成人(满18岁)2.formaladj.正式的[反义]informaladj.非正式的[联想]in­前缀形容词集锦①incorrect不正确的②inconvenient不方便的③invisible看不见的，无形的④invaluable无价的3.unconsciousadj.无意的；不知不觉的[反义]consciousadj.意识到的；自觉的[联想]un­前缀形容词荟萃①unclear不清楚的②uncomfortable不舒服的③unfairadj.不公平的④unbelievable不可相信的⑤unwilling不情愿的⑥unpredictable不可预见的4.slapvt.掌击[词块]①slapsb.'sface/heface打某人的脸②slapsb.ontheshoulder/back拍某人的肩膀/后背5.dealn．&v．协议；交易[词块]makeadeal达成协议；做成交易二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.communicatewith与……交流2．thinkof想到，想起3．varyfrom...to...从……到……变化4．onguard(保持)警惕；站岗5．makeadeal达成协议；做成交易6．holdup举起；耽搁7．giveaway暴露(自己的情况)8．beunconsciousof未意识到9.bebusydoing/withsth.忙于……10．inthedistance在远处1.WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo入乡随俗2．raiseone'shand举起手3．showsb.theway给某人指路4．mindreader能看透别人心思的人5．shakehands握手6．bodylanguage身体语言7．spokenorwrittenlanguage口语或书面语8．betoblame应受责备9．havealotincommon有许多共同之处三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage”．实际上，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身体语言”的一部分。what引导的名词性从句，作介词of的宾语。Hiswordsremindmeofwhat_we_did_togetherduringthepastholidays.他的话让我想起了我们在过去的假日中所做的事情。2.Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。“名词＋副词/过去分词”构成的独立主格结构。Hesatthere,eyes_closedandmouthopen,sleeping.他坐在那里，双眼闭着嘴巴张着，睡着了。3.Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.身体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。be＋形容词＋(forsb.)todosth.，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。Whenweclimbedtothetopofthemountain,wefeltthattheairwas_hard_to_breathe.当我们爬到山顶时，我们感到呼吸困难。4.WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo入乡随俗WheninRome是一个省略句，省略了主语和be动词。Helosthiswalletwhile_taking_his_savingstothepostoffice.他带着存款去邮局时把钱包丢了。1．(教材P22)Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言交流。communicatevi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流vt.表达(思想)；传递(信息等)(1)communicatewithsb.与某人交流communicatesth.tosb.把……传达给某人(2)communicationn.交流；沟通beincommunicationwithsb.与某人互通信息makecommunicationwithsb.与某人交流①CommunicatingonWeChatisacommonphenomenon，andmorepeoplehardlywriteletters.通过微信进行交流是一个普遍的现象，更多的人几乎不写信。②Sheseldomcommunicateswithotherssoshedoesn'tfitinwiththeclass.＝Sheseldommakescommunicationwithotherssoshedoesn'tfitinwiththeclass.她很少与班上的其他人交流，因此她很难融入到班级中去。③Hewonthefirstprizeinthemid­termexamination.Hewaseagertocommunicatethegoodnewstohisparents.他在期中考试中获得了第一名。他急于把这个好消息分享给自己的父母。④I'llbeincommunication_withmylawyeraboutthismatter.关于这件事情我将会和我的律师商议。morethan超过，不仅仅；非常；超过了……所能(1)句中的morethan表示“不仅仅”，其后常接名词。①Heismorethanafriendtome.HeisinawaymyEnglishteacher.他不仅是我的朋友，他在某种程度上是我的英语老师。(2)morethan与数词连用时，相当于over，意为“超过，多于”。②Wehaveknowneachotherformore_than10years.我们认识有10年多了。(3)morethan与形容词、过去分词连用时，意为“非常，十分”。③IwasmorethanalittleangrywhenIsawhowthey'druinedit.当我见到他们是怎样把它破坏时，我非常愤慨。(4)morethan与情态动词can/could连用时，意为“超过了……所能”。④ThebeautyofthemountainouscountryismorethanIcandescribe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。2．(教材P22)Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“learned”bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.我们经常看到无意识的身体语言的例子，但也有“习得”的身体语言，“习得的”身体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。varyvi.变化(1)varyin...在……方面不同varywith...随着……而变化varyfrom...to...从……到……变化(2)varietyn.种类；变化；多样性avarietyof/varietiesof各种各样的①Thetwosweatersareofthesamestyle,buttheyvaryinpricebecauseofdifferentmaterials.这两件毛衣款式相同，但由于料子不同，价格也不同。②Generallyspeaking,pricesoffruitandvegetablesvarywiththeseason.一般来说，水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节而变化。③Theresearchteamismadeupofthepupils,whoseagevaryfrom10to15.这个研究小组是由年龄从十岁到十五岁不等的学生组成的。④Iwanttoknowwhetherthisplantcanadapttoa_variety_of/varieties_ofsoils.我想知道这种植物能否适应各种土壤。3．(教材P22)Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal.Itmeans,“Weagreeandwetrusteachother.”当我们达成协议时，我们握手。意思就是“我们达成了协议，相互信任。”deal(1)n.协议；交易makeadeal达成协议；做成交易That's/It'sadeal.(口语)成交；就这么办吧。①ThefactoryhasmadeanewdealwithabuyerinCanada.这家工厂已经和加拿大的一位买家达成了一项新协议。②—YoupayforthesupperandIwilltreatyoutoamovie,OK?—It'sadeal.——你付晚饭钱，我请你看电影，怎么样？——一言为定。(2)n.很多，大量eq\x(agreat/gooddealof大量，许多后接不可数名词)③Thereisa_great_deal_ofevidenceindicatingthatlisteningtosoftmusiccanreducestress.有大量的证据表明听轻音乐能减轻压力。(3)vi.处理dealwith处理；对付；与……做生意，打交道；涉及dealin经营，做……生意④Thestoredealsinsilk,andwehavedealtwithitformanyyears.这家商店经营丝绸，我们和它做了多年的生意了。4．(教材P22)GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,buttheyalwaysinvolvethehands.亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。involvevt.包括；涉及；使参与(1)involvesb.insth.使某人参与某事involvedoingsth.需要做某事；包括做某事(2)involvedadj.复杂的；有关的，涉及的be/getinvolvedin参加；卷入；专注于①Sincethismeetingdoesn'tinvolveme,IthinkI'dbetterleavenow.既然这场会议不牵涉到我，我想我现在最好离开。②Iaskyounottogetinvolved(involve)inthiskindofmatter.It'snoneofyourbusiness.我要求你不要卷入这种事，它与你无关。③Hefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.他找到了一份中学老师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生长时间待在一起。④Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生们应该积极参加社团活动，从中获得成长的经验。[名师点津]involvedadj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：aninvolvedsentence“一个复杂的句子”；thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。5．(教材P22)Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。holdup举起；支撑；耽搁，推迟，延迟写出下列句中holdup的含义①It'sapitythatthebuildingofthenewroadhasbeenheldupbybadweather.耽搁②Theystoodthere,holdinguptheirhandstoaskfoods.举起③Shebecamequitefamouswhensheinventedanewwayofholdingupsuspensionbridge(吊桥)duringthebuildingprocess.支撑④Idecidedtoholdupthenewsuntilhewassureofit.推迟，延迟holdon(打电话)稍候，别挂断；(在困难中)坚持下去holdonto紧紧抓住；守住，保住holdout维持，持续；伸出holdback阻止；抑制(情感、情绪)；隐瞒⑤Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.Pleaseholdonforamoment.我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。⑥Noonecanholdbackthedevelopmentoftechnology.没有人能阻止科技的发展。6．(教材P22)Peoplegiveawaymuchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达的多得多。giveaway暴露(自己的情况)，泄露(秘密等)；赠送，捐赠；分发，颁发写出下列句中giveaway的含义①Theheadmastergaveawaytheprizesattheschoolsportsmeeting.颁发②Iwasafraidthekidswouldgivethewholethingaway.泄露(秘密等)③Theexpressiononherfacegaveherawaywhenshetoldalie.暴露④Hegaveawaypartofhisincometohisneedyfriends.捐赠giveback归还，送回；恢复givein屈服，让步；投降giveoff发出(光、热、气味等)giveup(doing)sth.放弃/停止/戒除(做)某事giveout公布，发表；用完，耗尽⑤Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving,wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我们期望人们戒掉开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的替代品。⑥Theapplesgiveoffaverysweetsmell.这些苹果散发出非常香甜的味儿。⑦Wemustgohome.Ourmoneyhasgiven_out.钱用光了，我们必须回家了。形象记忆1．WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo入乡随俗(1)WheninRome是一个省略句，补充完整为：WhenyouareinRome。(2)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，如果谓语部分含有be动词，主语又和主句的主语一致，常省略从句的主语和be动词，成为“连词＋非谓语动词/形容词”形式作状语。这些状语从句常由when,while,once,before,whenever,if,asif/though，unless,though和although等引导。①Whenaskedwhyhewassosad,thestudentsaidhehadbeenrobbedoftheopportunityofgoingabroad.当被问到他为何如此伤心时，这个学生说他失去了这次出国的机会。②Inotherwords,weshouldkeeptheearthhealthywhileusing(use)itssupplyofnaturalresources.换句话说，当我们利用自然资源的时候，我们应该保持地球的健康。③Tomraisedhisrighthandasthough/if(hewas)to_say(say)something.汤姆举起右手好像要说什么。④When(shewas)veryyoung,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴。(3)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是it，从句中又含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省掉。⑤Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。2．Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。(1)本句是一个简单句，palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread为独立主格结构，结构为“名词＋副词/过去分词”。①Themeetingover,ourheadmastersoonleftthemeetingroom.散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。②Allthingsconsidered(consider),hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.若全面考虑，她的建议比你的建议有价值。(2)独立主格结构一般在句子中作定语或状语。它不是一个完整的句子，其构成还有以下几种结构：名词(代词)＋形容词③Hesatthere,hisfacepale.他坐在那里，脸色苍白。名词(代词)＋现在分词④Thegirlstaring(stare)athim,hedidn'tknowwhattosay.这个女孩两眼盯着他，他不知道说什么好。名词(代词)＋不定式⑤Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。名词(代词)＋介词短语⑥Hewentoutofthelibrary,bookunderhisarm.他胳膊下夹本书，走出了图书馆。3．Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyonetostudy.身体语言对于任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。本句属于“Sb./Sth.＋be＋adj.(forsb./sth.)todo”句型，现对该句型解读如下：(1)在该句型中句子主语sb./sth.是不定式短语的逻辑宾语，若构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，通常要在不定式后加上适当的介词。①Theroomistoosmallforfivementolivein.这个房间太小了，5个人住不下。(2)在该句型中形容词多为表示主语性质、特征的词，如easy,difficult,hard,important，impossible，comfortable,pleasant,dangerous等。②AsfarasI'mconcerned,thisproblemisverydifficulttoworkout.就我个人而言，这道题很难算出来。(3)有时为了表达更清楚可用for引出不定式动作的执行者，即不定式的逻辑主语。③Thequestionisdifficultformetoanswer.这个问题对我来说很难回答。(4)在该句型中不定式作状语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。④Thismachineisveryeasyto_operate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这台机器很容易操作，任何人在几分钟之内都可以学会。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodto_breathe(breathe)．2．Iamtoldthatthetestwillinvolveanswering(answer)questionsaboutaphotograph.3．Whenvisiting(visit)anothercountry,youshouldbeawareofthosedifferencesandrespectthem.4．Theworkersworkedmuchharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved(improve)．5．Thereisnodoubtthatairpollutionisanextremelyseriousproblem,sostrongmeasuresshouldbetakentodealwithit.6．IcommunicatewithmyfriendsthroughtheInternetandIcommunicatedthegoodnewstothembysendingamessageonQQlastweek.7．Thecoloroftheleavesvarieswithweather.8.IwaslateforworkbecauseIwasheldupbythetrafficjam.9．Themanwassentencedtoprisonforfiveyearsbecausehehadgivenawaysomenationalmilitarysecretstotheenemy.10．Wewereallconfusedbywhathesaidjustnow.Ⅱ.选词填空dealwith，avarietyof，morethan，onguard，incommunicationwith，giveout，holdon，getinvolvedin1．Iamin_communication_withhimonthissubject.2．Theteacherwillputforwarda_variety_ofquestions,dependingonyourdifferentanswers.3．Themostimportantthingtokeepinmindwhendealing_withanemergencyistostaycalm.4．Sarahwantedtoget_involved_inavolunteerprogramtoenrichherlife.5．Whenheleftthetelephonetofindapencil,heaskedmetohold_on.6．Afteramonth,ourfoodsuppliesgave_out.7．Heismore_thanawriter;heisalsoapainter.8．Thecitizenswerewarnedtobeon_guardagainstasuddennightattack.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Withsomanypeoplecommunicating(交流)inEnglisheveryday,wecanseeitwillbemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.2．Thewindwasstrongandthefirespread(蔓延)quickly.3．I'mterriblysorry.Iwasn'tconscious(意识到的)ofhavinghurther.Iwasjustmakingajoke.4．“Genius”isacomplicatedconcept,involving(包含)manydifferentfactors.5．It'ssaidthatthosewiththebloodoftypeOaremostaggressive(攻击的)．6．She'sbeenreceivingthreatening(恐吓的)phonecalls.7．Thisisa(n)informal(非正式的)conversationbetweentheleadersoftwocountries.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thefinaltestfinishing,allthestudentswenthomehappily.finishing→finished2．Ournewschoolwasbuiltonwhereusedtobeawasteland.where→what3．Theyspentagreatdealoftimesplayingcomputergames.times→time4．Morethanoneworkerhavebeensenttothetrainingcentertoimprovetheirworkingskillsinthepastthreeyears.have→has5．Hedoesn'tknowwhattodealwiththesedifficulties.what→how6．Mymothersaidthatifwebelievesomethingwastrue,weshouldholdonit.on后加to7．Whenaskingabouthismarriage,hemadenoanswer.asking→asked8．Involvinginthebankrobbery,Todwasarrestedbythelocalpoliceearlyinthemorning.Involving→InvolvedⅢ.完成句子1．What_made_the_school_proud(使这所学校骄傲的是)wasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.2．Mynewclassmatesare_easy_to_get_along_with(很容易相处)．3．However,viewsonthisissuevary_from_person_to_person(因人而异)．4．Hearingthenews,Tomwasmore_surprised_than_disappointed(与其说是失望，倒不如说是惊奇)．5．Iwas_so_involved_in(全神贯注)mybookthatIdidn'thearyouknock.6．Theproblem,unless_handled_properly(除非妥善处理),mayleadtomisunderstandingbetweenthetwosides.7．Weather_permitting(如果天气允许),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.8．Thelittlegirlheld_on_to_her_mother(紧紧抓住她母亲),becauseshedidn'twanthertogo.Ⅳ.课文语法填空Wecommunicatewithmorethanjust1.spoken(speak)andwrittenwords.Wealsoneedtolearnbodylanguage,whichvaries2.fromculturetoculture.3.Traditionally(tradition),EuropeansandAmericansshakehandswiththeirrighthand,4.whichmeans“Itrustyou.Look,Iamnotcarryinga5.threatening(threat)weapon.”Theyalsoshakehandswhentheymakeadeal.InChina,weputtherighthandovertheleftandbow6.slightly(slight)whenwegreetsomeone7.whileMuslimsgivea“salaam”.Hindusjointheirhandsandbowtheirheadsinrespect.Theexpression“Givemefive！”isalsoagestureforAmericanyouthstogreetoneanother.Bodylanguageisfascinatingforanyone8.to_study(study).Youcangiveawaymuchmoreby9.gestures(gesture)thanbywords.Solookatyourfriendsandfamilytoseeifyouareamind10.reader(read)．Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达尽管生活中的关系因文化而不同(varyfrom...to...)，但是父母和孩子间的关系是最重要的。我们很清楚(conscious)父母总是关心和爱护我们。在我们眼中，他们不仅仅是(morethan)我们的父母，而且是能看懂我们心思的人(mindreaders)。尽管他们忙着(bebusydoing)挣钱，但是他们也会经常参与(getinvolvedin)我们的学习和生活。另外，父母要求我们在陌生人面前不要暴露(giveaway)自己。但当有人迷路的时候，我们应该为他们指路。我认为父母和孩子彼此应该多交流并互相尊重(showrespectfor)。作为孩子我们应该达成协议(makeadeal)去跟父母做朋友。Although_relationship_in_life_varies_from_culture_to_culture,_the_relationship_between_parents_and_children_is_the_most_important._We_are_conscious_that_parents_always_show_love_and_care_for_us._In_our_eyes,_they_are_more_than_our_parents_but_our_mind_readers._Although_they_are_busy_making_money,_they_always_get_involved_in_our_life_and_study._In_addition,_parents_request_us_not_to_give_ourselves_away_in_front_of_strangers._But_we_should_show_them_the_way_when_someone_gets_lost._In_my_opinion,_parents_and_children_should_communicate_with_each_other_and_show_respect_for_each_other._As_a_result,_we_as_children_should_make_a_deal_to_make_friends_with_our_parents.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Similartomyuniverseofclassicalmusic,allofusliveinanincreasinglyinterrelated(相互联系的),interdependentworld.IbelieveEastandWestwillcoexist(共存)bestwheneach__1__itneedstolearnfromtheother.__2__onesideisbetter.We'realleachother's__3__andeachother'sstudents—MuslimsandChristians,JewsandArabs,FirstSalesofpianoswere__4__intheUnitedStatesforthetimebeing,buttheywererising__5__inChina.Thehumanneedformusicwasabouta(n)__6__forimmortality(不朽),aboutthetimelessnessofmysteryandmagic.__7__therewasonemanorwomanleftonearth,Ithought,therewouldhavetobe__OvertheyearsIhave__9__thatbeingnumberoneisnottheonly__10__apersonshouldhave.Thereisno__11__thatIamextremelyproudofallIhave__12__throughdiligenceanddiscipline(纪律)andhardwork.MyfamilyandIhave__13__greatsacrifices(牺牲).Theonlythingthatalwayssustained(维持)methroughoutallofthedifficultyearswasmy__14__formusicandmyloveforplayingthepiano.Makingmusicislikebreathingforme.Icannot__15__themeaningofmylifewithoutmusic.AsIlook__16__Iknowthatmygoalsincludehelpingyoungpeoplediscoverthepowerofmusic—thejoyofmakingorlisteningtoit.Ihave__17__afoundation,theLangLangInternationalMusicFoundation.Myfoundationwill__18__educationformusicaltraining,anditwillprovidescholarships__19__youngpeoplefromallcornersoftheworld.Asmyownfingersflyoverthekeyboard,IhopethatthemusicIplayopensupdoorsandminds.Thisisas__20__tomeasbeingnumberone.语篇解读：作者描述了自己在艺术及人生追求过程中的心路历程。过去作者将音乐比赛中赢得第一名看作自己孜孜追求的目标，现在他认为：通过音乐开启人们的心智与比赛赢得第一同样重要。1．A.advises B．admitsC．proves D．plans解析：选B根据上文的“anincreasinglyinterrelated(相互联系的)andinterdependentworld”可知，人与人之间的依赖性越来越强，由此可推断只有互相学习，才能共同生存。2．A.Any B．NoC．Every D．Each解析：选B根据上句我们都需要向对方学习可知，没有一方比另一方更加优越。3．A.friends B．brothersC．teachers D．relatives解析：选C由于我们要相互学习，所以我们既是对方的“老师”(teacher)又是对方的学生。4．A.falling B．increasingC．changing D．keeping解析：选A因为下句but表转折(提到在中国钢琴销量在急剧增长)，可以判断上句说在美国钢琴销量在“下滑”(fall)。5．A.constantly B．regularlyC．widely D．quickly解析：选D这里说明在中国钢琴销量在“急剧”(quickly)增长。6．A.desire B．orderC．favor D．try解析：选A由“needformusic”可推断，此处作者把人类对音乐的需求比作是对未知领域了解的渴望。7．A.Aslongas B．AssoonasC．Evenif D．Asthough解析：选A“只要”(aslongas)这个地