酷热天气的影响及应对(试题版)-2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题

2023年高考英语名校试题热点重点话题精选

精选03酷热天气的影响及应对

热点介绍

今年7月以来，受持续高温天气影响，四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出现不同程

度旱情，对农业生产和饮水安全造成一定影响。目前，长江流域多省市都陆续启动相应级别的抗旱应急响

应。根据气象水文预测，长江流域大部分地区将持续高温少雨天气。

6月中旬以来，长江流域降水由偏多转为偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是长

江下游干流及鄱阳湖水系偏少5成左右，为近10年同期最少。

长江委水文局长江水文情报预报中心水情室主任张俊：当前，由于来水偏少，长江上游大部分控制性

水库蓄水量偏少，长江中下游干流水位也呈持续消退态势，较历史同期大幅偏低，如汉口、大通等主要站

水位当前偏低5—6米。据预测，8月中下旬长江流域降水仍将偏少，其中长江中下游干流南部将明显偏少。

鉴于当前旱情，水利部长江委要求流域相关省市做好旱情监测，及时发布预警，抓紧修订完善应急水

量调度方案，有序做好抗旱水源储备，同时强化水资源统一调度，加强水利工程和供水设施运行管护和排

查，做好抗旱应急物资和队伍准备。

据气象水文预测，未来一周，包括湖北在内的长江中下游地区可能出现夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引

调水工程正全线发力、抗击旱情。目前，湖北全省约20%的地区出现了气象干旱，湖北省水利部门除了调

度水库、泵站放水，还充分运用鄂北水资源配置工程抗旱。湖北省水利厅鄂北局调度运行部主任何永煜：

目前整个调水量已经达到了1.26亿立方米，主要是向襄州、枣阳、广水这些县市进行供水。鄂北水资源配

置工程是国家172项节水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全线试运行。截至目前，已保障了从十堰丹江

口到孝感大悟56万多人的饮用水以及沿线52.5万亩农田灌溉用水。位于荆州市的引江济汉工程也正加大调

水力度，守护“湖北粮仓目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引调水近2亿立方米，其中沿长江、汉江泵站日均

引水5700万立方米。按照先生活、后生产、再生态的原则，千方百计满足群众生活饮水和农业灌溉用水需

求。

自7月4日以来，重庆持续高温，多地气温达40摄氏度以上，导致重庆33个区县土壤干旱，当地多

措并举抗旱保供水。在重庆永川区五间镇，持续的高温给当地3000多亩蔬菜带来了不利影响。当地通过微

灌、微喷、遮阳网等设备，对蔬菜增湿、降温，改善田间小气候。在秀山县龙凤坝镇小兰村，多个饮用水

源点断流，当地采取上游水库放水、组织群众寻找新水源点和组织义务送水队送水等方式，多措并举解决

人畜饮水需求。

连日来，受持续晴热少雨等天气因素影响，江西鄱阳湖水位继续下降。截至昨天（8月12日）17时，鄱

阳湖标志性水文站星子站水位降至10.67米，比去年同期低4.31米，湖区水体面积缩水至978平方公里。

此外，抚州、吉安等29个县（市、区）出现重度及以上气象干旱，预计今天，江西省中度及以上气象干旱范

围将扩大至68个县（市、区），国家防总针对江西已启动抗旱应急响应，确保人饮安全，努力保障工农业生

产用水需求。

今年7月以来，受长江上游来水减少和持续高温少雨天气影响，洞庭湖水位连续回落40余天，跌破24.50

米的枯水水位。8月11日，在位于湖南岳阳的洞庭湖城陵矶水文站，15根记录水位的标尺已有13根裸露

在外，水文部门监测到的数据显示：当日上午8时，洞庭湖城陵矶站水位为24.12米，较历年同期偏低4.28

米，预计未来一周，在无有效降雨影响下，洞庭湖城陵矶站水位将继续保持下降趋势，并造成洞庭湖北部

部分支流和干渠出现断流现象。为应对旱情，岳阳市派出400名水利干部下到抗旱一线，指导群众抗旱自

救。为保障洞庭湖区居民正常生产生活，岳阳市相关部门采取开闸放水、取水补水等措施缓解旱情。（央视

网|2022年08月13B）

题型精选

序号题型主要内容

1阅读理解热浪所造成的危害以及应对的措施

2阅读理解蓝碳生态系统的组成、作用以及影响因素

3阅读理解英国伦敦创下有史以来最高气温

4阅读理解气候的不断变化及其应对

5七选五在温暖的天气里，有助于保持凉爽的方法

6完形填空跑步教练Mr.McGary的影响

7完形填空印度的旨在实现碳中和的“树木银行”计划

一、阅读理解

1

（2022•太原师范学院附属中学高三阶段练习）Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeen

swelteringundertheworstheatwaveindecades.AnumberofpeopleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuan

provinceswerediagnosedwilhthermoplegia（热射病），themostsevereformofheatstroke,andsomeevendiedof

thisdisease.

Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Accordingtoastudy,thenumberofdeaths

causedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,500

personsperyearinthe2010s.

“Overthepastfourdecades,themaindriversofthelargeincreaseinheatwave-relateddeathsinChinaarethe

rapidincreaseinthefrequencyofheatwaves,followedbypopulationgrowth,populationaging,andrisingbaseline

mortality（基线死亡率）,“saidProf.HuangCunrui,aresearcherfromTsinghuaUniversity.

Hightemperatureswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture（水分）andhurtthegrowthofcom,cotton,trees

andfruits.What'smore,eachadditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecroplossestoinsectsby10-25percent,

threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnessedarangeofextremeweatherevents,including

heavyrainfall,flooding,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorologicalofficialssaidthecountryhadan

averagetemperatureof21.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degreesCelsiushigherthanthesameperiodonaverage,

andthehighestrecordforthesameperiodsince1961.

Expertssaythatwhileextremesummerheatisnotentirelynew,thesesortsofoccurrencescouldbesomething

thatbecomesastandardpartoflife,requiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwavesthatmay

continuefortherestofsummerandwellintothefuture.

Rememberthatevenhealthy,youngathletescanbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivity,indoorsor

outdoors,shouldbeevaluatedwhenextremeheathits.Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,

suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lookingforshadeorremaininginshadewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglarge

mealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Discussions.B.Studies.

C.Causes.D.Dangers.

2.Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingheatwave-relateddeathsinChina?

A.Theagingofthepopulation.

B.Thelargeramountofoutdoorworkers.4

C.Theincreasingfrequencyofheatwaves.

D.Theriseinthenumberofthetotalpopulation.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwavesthancities.

B.Chinahaswitnessedtheworstclimateeverin2022.

C.Hightemperatureshavenegativeeffectsonagriculture.

D.Climatechangecontributestothedeclineininsectspecies.

4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?

A.Waystodealwithextremeheat.

B.Thetrendofheatwavesinthefuture.

C.Theimportanceofkeepinghealthyinsummer.

D.Influencesofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.

2

（2022•重庆一中高三阶段练习）OffthecoastofFormentera,anisland,livesseagrassthatstretches15km.

Theseagrass,coveringseveralkilometers,ismadeupofasingleorganism.Thegrassesarealsolong-lived,fortens

orhundredsofthousandsofyears.Seagrassmeadows,alongwithtwootherkindsofcoastal

ecosystems—mangroveswampsandtidalmarshesmakeforblue-carbonecosystems,whichareparticularlygoodat

takingcarbondioxidefromtheair.Thatmakesallthreeecosystemsimportantforeffortstocontrolclimatechange.

ThisrolewashighlightedinareportpublishedonMarch2ndbyUNESCOon“bluecarbon”—thecarbon

capturedbyEarth9soceanicandcoastalecosystems.Intotalaround33billiontonnesofcarbondioxideabout

three-quartersoftheworld'semissionsin2019arelockedawayintheplanet'sblue-carbonsinks（蓝碳汇）.

ResearchbyCarlosDuarte,thereport9sauthorandanecologist,hasshownthatonehectare（公顷）ofseagrasscan

suckasmuchcarbondioxideeachyearas15hectaresofrainforest.

Onereasonwhyblue-carbonecosystemsmakesuchbigsinksisthatunderwaterforestsarethickerthanthe

land-basedwoods.Theycanalsotrapfloatingpiecesandorganicmatter,whichsettlesontheseafloorandcan

doubletheamountofcarbonstoredaway.Theypossessanotheradvantage,too.Climatechangeisleadingtomore

wildfiresaroundtheworld.Asforestsbum,theircarbonstocksaresentbackintotheatmosphere.Unlikeforestson

land,blue-carbonecosystemsdonotburn.

Blue-carbonecosystemsmaynotbefired,buttheyremainaffectedbyothersortsofdisasters.InMay2020

cycloneAmphandestroyed1,200squarekilometersofmangroveforest.AmarineheatwaveinAustralianwaters

damagedaroundonethirdoftheworld'slargestseagrassfieldinSharkBayin2010and2011.Mangroveforests

canweakenorcontrolwavesandprovidenaturalbarrierstostormsurges.Protectingandexpandingthem,then,

appearstobeamust.

5.Whatdoblue-carbonecosystemsconsistof?

A.Thecarbonstoredincoastalecosystems.

B.SeagrasslivingoffthecoastofFormentera.

C.Along-livedsingleorganismforthousandsofyears.

D.Seagrassmeadows,mangroveswampsandtidalmarshes.

6.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theconcreteroleof“bluecarbon”.

B.Thespecialfeaturesoftheseagrass.

C.Thestorageabilityoftheblue-carbonsinks.

D.Thefindingsaboutblue-carbonecosystems.

7.Whycanblue-carbonecosystemsmakesuchbigsinks?

A.Becausetheirforestsgrowcloselytogetherinlargenumbers.

B.Becausetheyaren'tinfluencedbydisasters.

C.Becausetheircarbonstocksarereleasedback.

D.Becausethereismorecarboninwaterthanonland.

8.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toaddbackgroundinformation.B.Togiveasuggestion.

C.Tolistinfluentialexamples.D.Toofferscientificdata.

3

（2022・四川省绵阳南山中学高三开学考试）LONDON—TheU.K.recordeditshighest-evertemperatures

Tuesdaywithreadingsofover104degreesFahrenheit,asaheatwavescorchedthenationandcausedfiresaround

thecapital.

Duringtheday,atleast34placesacrossthecountrybrokethepreviousrecord.Severalblazesbrokeoutacross

London-includingalargefireinaresidentialarea.LondonMayorSadiqKhansaidonTwitterthatthefirebrigade

wasunder"immensepressure,andwarnedcitizenstostaysafe.

Tuesdayhasbeenthesecondsuccessivedayofextremelyhotweatherinthenation.TheU.K.governmenthas

declaredanationalemergency,whilethenationalmeteorological（气象的）service,theMetOffice,startedits

first-ever“redextremeheatwarning^^acrossEngland.

Nationwide,schoolsandsummercampshaveclosed,hospitalshavecanceledroutinevisitsandtransporthas

beendisrupted,withmanyrailwaysandtheLondonsubwaysystemurgingcustomerstostayathome.

Theheatwarped（使变形）runwaysatU.K.airportsonMonday,forcingLutonAiiporttostopallflightsuntil

earlyevening.TheMetofficehaswarnedagainstmeltingasphalt（沥青）onroadsandhasadvisedcitizensnotto

travel.

“Inthiscountrywe'reusedtotreatingahotspellasachancetogoandplayinthesun,“saidPennyEndersby,

chiefexecutiveattheMetOffice,inapressrelease.4tThisisnotthatsortofweather.,,

Scientistshavewarnedthatclimatechangeislikelytomakeweatherofthisseveritymorecommon.Dr.

FriederikeOtto,aclimatescientistatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Itwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletosee

temperaturesof40degreesinLondonwithoutclimatechange.^^

9.WhatdoweknowabouttheheatinU.K.accordingtothepassage?

A.Nomorethan34placesbroketheprevioustemperaturerecord.

B.Tuesdaywasthefirstdayofextremelyhotweatherinthecountry.

C.Thehighesttemperaturereadingswasover104degreesCelsius.

D.SomefiresbrokeoutinLondonbecauseoftheburningweather.

10.WhyhastheMetofficeadvisedcitizensnottotravel?

A.BecausetheheatdamagedrunwaysatU.K.airports.

B.Becauseofthefirst-everredextremeheatwarning.

C.Becausethefirebrigadewasunderbigpressure.

D.Becausetheawfulheathasmeltedasphaltonroads.

11.WhatcanwelearnfromwhatDr.FriederikeOttosaid?

A.Londonersareusedtoplayoutsideinthesun.

B.Climatehaschangedandcausedburningweather.

C.Thiskindofclimateislesslikelytohappenagain.

D.Thisweatherisnotsuitabletooutdoorsactivities.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scorched“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Flooded.B.Blew.C.Burned.D.Warmed.

4

（2022•全国•模拟预测）Greenhouse-gasemissionshaveproducedtheplanetmorethan1℃（1.8°F）wanner

thanitwasinthepre-industrialdays.Itsatmosphereisproducingheavyweatherinwaysbothpredictedand

surprising.And,withemissionscontinuing,itwillgetworse.

Unfortunately,2021willprobablybeoneofthe21stcentury'scoolestyears.Iftemperaturesriseby3℃above

pre-industriallevelsinthecomingdecades-astheymightevenifeveryonemanagestohonourtoday'sfirm

promises—largepartsofthetropicsriskbecomingtoohotforoutdoorwork.Coralreefsandthelivelihoodthat

dependonthemwilldisappearandtheAmazonrainforestwillbecomeaghostofitself.Severeharvestfailureswill

becommonplace.IcesheetsinAntarcticaandGreenlandwillshrink（缩小）pastthepointofnoreturn,promising

searisesmeasurednotinmillimetres,astoday'sare,butinmetres.

Sixyearsago,inParis,thecountriesoftheworldcommittedthemselvestoavoidingtheworstofthat

nightmarebyremovinggreenhouse-gasemissionsquicklyenoughtoholdthetemperaturerisebelow2℃.Their

progresstowardsthatendremainsseriouslyinadequate.Yeteveniftheireffortsincreaseddramaticallyenoughto

meetthe2℃goal,itwouldnotstopforestsfromburningtoday;prairies（草原）wouldstilldryouttomorrow,rivers

breaktheirbanksandmountainglaciersdisappear.

Cuttingemissionsisthusnotenough.Theworldalsourgentlyneedstoinvestinadaptingtothechanging

climate.Thegoodnewsisthatadaptationmakespoliticalsense.Peoplecanclearlyseetheneedforit.Whena

countryinvestsinflooddefenses,itbenefitsitsowncitizensaboveallothers—thereisnofree-riderproblem,as

therecouldbeforemissionsreduction.SoAllthegovernmentsshouldmakeabroadermovetoincreaseinvestment

inadaptation.Moresucheffortsarevital.

13.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?

A.Theweatherwillbecomebetterinthefuture.

B.Theearthinthepre-industrialdayswaswarmer.

C.Badweatherisoftencausedbygreenhousegases.

D.Theappearanceofbadweatherisalwaysexpected.

14.Whatwillhappenifthetemperaturerisesby3℃abovepre-industriallevels?

A.Cropswillfailalittlenowandalittlethen.

B.Themeltingicewillcauseasharpriseinsealevel.

C.Peoplecanstillmakealivingbyrelyingoncoralreefs.

D.Itwillbetoohotforpeopletoworkoutdoorsallovertheworld.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Noneoftheinvestmentmoneycomesfromthenation.

B.Thedisasterswouldbeavoidedifthe2℃goalcouldbemet.

C.Whenacountryinvestsinflooddefenses,itsowncitizensbenefitsmost.

D.Allthecountriesaretryingtoavoidtheworstresultbyreducingtheemission.

16.What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toanalysethepossibilityofmeetingthe2℃goal.

B.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudygreenhouse-gasemissions.

C.Toassesstheconsequencesofcuttinggreenhouse-gasemissions.

D.Tocalleachcountrygovernmenttoraiseinvestmentinadaptation.

5

（2022•四川省开江中学高三开学考试）Keepingcoolinwarmweatherisachallenge.Risksofgettingtoo

hotinwarmweatherincludeavarietyofheat-relatedillnesses.Keepingyourbodycoolwillalsohelptokeepyour

moodcalmtoo,forheatoftencausesfeelingsofstressandfrustration.Therearelotsofsimpleandeffectiveways

tostaycoolinwarmweather.17

Don'twaituntilyou'rethirstytodrink.Drinkplentyofwaterbeforetakepartinanyactivities.Wateris

essentialforkeepingyoucoolduringhotweather.Watershouldbedrunkevenifyoudon'tfeelthirsty.18;

theydecreasetheabilityofyourbodytostorewater.Also,keepawayfromalcoholicdrinksandcoffee.

19.Findfoodsthatdon'tneedtobecooked,ordon'tneedheattobecooked.Ifyoumustactually

cook,keepthecoolairin,andthetemperaturedown,byusingthemicrowaveinsteadofthestoveoroven.For

example,youcanmicrowavefrozenvegetablesandcannedsoupinsteadofcookingthemonthestovetop.

Wearsunscreen.It'sbesttolimityoursunexposurebetweenthehoursof10a.m.and4p.m.eachdayduring

warmermonths.Whenyouareoutsideduringthesetimes,protectyourselfwell.20

Wearlighterclothing.Lightweight,loose-fittingclothingwillhelptokeepyoucooler.Ifitislightincolor,it's

evenbetter,asthiswillreflecttheheatandsunlightbetter.21Somethingthatletstheairflowfreely

through,hittingthesweatonyourbody,worksbest.

A.Stayoutofthesun

B.Makefoodwithoutusingthestove

C.Besides,mostofthemareveryaffordable

D.Shortsandshort-sleevedshirtsaregoodchoices

E.However,stayawayfromsugarydrinkssuchassodas

F.Oneshoecouldbemorecomfortableorappropriatethananother

G.Whilesunscreendoesn'thaveacoolingeffect,itsprotectiveeffectisvital

二、完形填空

1

（2023•江苏苏州•高三开学考试）MyrunningcoachMcGarrytaughtuswecouldalwayswithstand（承受）

more.Itwasn'tuntilmuchlaterthatI22allthathemeant.

Anaccidenthadlefthimina23.Whathealwayssaidwhenweseemed24tocontinuewas

“Youcanalwayswithstandmore.”

IheadedforcollegeinnorthernNewEngland.ThenIwenttoworkinRwanda,landofathousandhills.

Workingtherewasagreat25formebecauseIwasaflatlander（平地居民）.Overtheyearsitwasrunning

that26me.

ForyearsI'dplannedtowritetoMr.McGarryandthankhimforhis27impactonmylife.Butthe

incidentsinmydailylife28me.Oneday,wordcamethathehaddiedunexpectedly.29thesadnews

30formehisencouragementtodigdeeperwithinourselves.

Threeyearsago,caughtina31inmylife,IflewtoGreenland.Greenlandwasfacingaseverecrisis:

climatechangeisdestroyingtraditionallivelihoodofapopulationso32oniceforsurvivalandcommunities

havetocreateanewwayoflife.

IstartedarunonthehillsofGreenland'scapital.Coldrainpatteredonmyarms.That'swhenIwas33

byanothermoreimportantlessonMr.McGarryhadtaughtme.Irealizedthathewastrainingustochangeourlives,

toturnoveranew34.Adisastrousinjuryhad35himunabletorun,buthe36toinfluence

anothergenerationofrunnersasacoach.

22.A.heldB.rememberedC.graspedD.rejected

23.A.nurseryB.bedC.carD.wheelchair

24.A.unableB.unconsciousC.unhealthyD.unfortunate

25.A.bonusB.challengeC.blessingD.gain

26.A.disappointedB.blockedC.sustainedD.opposed

27.A.positiveB.negativeC.enthusiasticD.pessimistic

28.A.inspiredB.arrestedC.hiredD.stopped

29.A.YetB.ThusC.EvenD.Or

30.A.recalledB.reviewedC.reformedD.reflected

31.A.stageB.stateC.dilemmaD.situation

32.A.focusedB.dependentC.basedD.keen

33.A.impressedB.cheatedC.beatenD.struck

34.A.leafB.periodC.statusD.label

35.A.pushedB.foundC.leftD.proved

36.A.happenedB.failedC.promisedD.managed

2

（2022•贵州贵阳•三模）Madhavanstoodproudlynexttoayoungmahogany（红木）tree.Ifsoneof100he

plantedonhis37inMeenangadi.Histwo38oflandinthevillageareusedtoplant

39crops-coffee,blackpepperandbetelnut,buttheworseningenvironmenthas40his

production.

Nowthemahogany41isoneofhisonlyreliablesourcesofincome,42himupto5,000

rupees（卢比）ayear-andallhehastodoistokeepthe43standing.

The84-year-old44isbeingpaidtoplantand45treesthrougha"treebanking^^program,

which46tocreateIndia'sfirstcarbon-neutral（碳中和）villageby2025.

Madhavangothissaplings（树苗）47fromthevillagecouncil（村委会），whichwilllendhim50

rupeesper48