2019年高考英语阅读理解细节理解训练

2019年高考英语阅读理解细节理解训练（名师精选试题+解析答案，建议下载练习）阅读理解-细节理解（一）A（2017年湖南长沙高三年级统一模拟考试）Inbetweenrunningoneoftheworld'slargestcharitableagenciesandactingasMicrosoft'stechnologyadvisor,BillGatesmanagestofindtimetoreadbooks,bothlongandshort.NowGates—whohasbeenlabeleda“greedy”reader-hasreleasedalistofhisfavoritebooks.Allofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.HereareBill'stopfourpicks（withpartsofhisfullreviewofeachbook）.BusinessAdventures,byJohnBrooksBrooks'collectionwaspublishedin1969andremainsoneofGates'favorites.Here-readitagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.“Shortlyafterwemet,WarrenBuffettlentmethiscollectionofbusinessarticlesfromTheNewYorkerfromthe1950sand1960s.Ilovedthemasmuchashedid.Brooks'insights（洞察力）intobusinesshaveagedbeautifully,andtheyareastruetodayasever.”CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury,byThomasPikettyPiketty'snovelhittheshelvesinAugust2013andsparkedmuchdiscussionconcerningincomeinequalitythroughoutthisyear.GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenon-fictionworktodiscussthetopic.“AsItoldhim,althoughIhaveconcernsaboutsomeofhissecondarypointsandpolicyprescriptions,Iagreewithhismostimportantconclusions：inequalityisagrowingproblemandgovernmentsshouldplayaroleinreducingit.”HowAsiaWorks,byJoeStudwellStudwell'swork,whichwaspublishedinMay2014,addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth,andwhyothercountrieshavefailedtodothesame.“Theagriculturesectionofthebookwasparticularlyinsightful.Itprovidedamplefoodforthoughtformeaswellasthewholeagricultureteamatourfoundation.AnditleftusthinkingaboutwhetherpartsoftheAsianmodelcanapplyinAfrica.”MakingtheModernWorld:MaterialsandDematerialization,byVaclaySmilSmil'sbooksareaconstantfavoriteoftheMicrosoft'sfounder-oneofhisbooksmakesGates'listalmosteveryyear.“MakingtheModernWorld”cameoutlatein2013andexplorestheglobaluseofmaterials,fromsilicontowoodandplastic.“Ifanyonetriestotellyouwe'reusingfewermaterials,sendhimthisbook.Withhisusualskepticismandhisloveofdata,Smilshowshowourabilitytomakethingswithfewermaterials—say,sodacansthatneedlessaluminum-makesthemcheaper,whichactuallyencouragesmoreproduction.”【语篇解读】 本文介绍了比尔・盖茨喜欢阅读的四本关于商业和经济的书。Thebooksmentionedinthetextareallabout.charityintheworldbusinessandeconomypovertyintheworldBillGates'lifeexperienceB［考查细节理解。根据第一段的最后一句"Allofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.”可知，比尔•盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物，其中大部分书与商业和经济有关，故B项正确。］Ofthebooks,isbestpraisedbyBillGates.HowAsiaWorksCapitalintheTwenty-FirstCenturyBusinessAdventuresMakingtheModernWorld：MaterialsandDematerializationC［考查细节理解。根据第三段的第二句"Herereaditagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.”可知，BusinessAdventures这本书是最受比尔•盖茨称赞的，故C项正确。］GatesoncehadapersonaldiscussionwiththeauthorofA．CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCenturyB．BusinessAdventuresC．HowAsiaWorksD.MakingtheModernWorld:MaterialsandDematerializationA［考查细节理解。根据第五段的第二句"GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenon-fictionworktodiscussthetopic.”可知，比尔•盖茨和CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury这本书的作者坐下来交谈过，故A项正确。］InHowAsiaWorks,theauthoranalyses.A．whyAfricanagriculturecannotdevelopfastB．howtheycanapplyAsianeconomicmodelinAfricancountrieswhyAsiaisslowinagriculturaldevelopmenthowsomeAsiancountrieshaverapidlygrownineconomyD［考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth”可知，HowAsiaWorks主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的，故D项正确。］B（2017年河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测）Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitgoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebushesareplantedunderthecanopy（树荫）oftallertrees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffee.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreasesthelocalwildlifehabitat,becausenativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）onthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticides（杀虫剂）areneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplants,andthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas“shadegrown”and“birdfriendly”.Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。通过拉丁美洲的农民种植咖啡作物的事例说明了咖啡作物长在树下对生态系统的重要性。1．Whichopiniondoestheauthoragreewith?A.Peopleshouldbuyfull-suncoffee.B．Shade-growncoffeeshouldbesupported.C．Farmersshouldchangetheplacestogrowcoffee.D．Pesticidesshouldbeforbiddenincoffeeplanting.B［考查细节理解。根据第五段的第二句"Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas'shadegrown,and,birdfriendly’.”可知，作者支持农民种植对鸟类无害的长在树下的咖啡作物，故B项正确。］Comparedwiththetraditionalmethod,whatadvantagedoesthefull-sunmethodhave?Itcanprotecttheecosystem.Itcanpromotepeople'shealth.Itcanprovidemorenestsforbirds.Itcanincreasetheproductionofcoffee.D［考查细节理解。根据第二段的最后两句"Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits”可知，全阳光照射这种方法能提高咖啡豆的产量，增加利润，故D项正确。］Howdofarmersgetmorelandtogrowfull-suncoffee?Theycutdowntrees.Theymovetoothercountries.C．Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.D．Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.A［考查细节理解。根据第二段的第二句"However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfullsuncoffee.”可知，农民通过砍伐树林来种植全阳光照射的咖啡作物，故A项正确。］Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Itisquiteworthwhiletobuyshade-growncoffeeatanycost.Farmersallhaverealizedtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentnow.C.SouthAmericanfarmersaretakingactiontoplantcoffeebushesinthetraditionalway.DThefull-sunmethoddoesgoodtothehealthofhumanbeingsinthelongrun.C［考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一句"Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.”并结合第二段的第一句可推知，中南美洲的农民意识到了咖啡作物长在树下的重要性，他们开始改变种植方法，选择传统的种植方法，故C项正确。］C（2017年海口调研）VolunteeringIsFunOneafternoonIwassittingathomefeelingsobored.Insteadoffeelingsorryformyself.IwantedtomeetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering.IsearchedonmycomputerandfoundawebsitewhereIcouldvolunteeronafarminFrance.Mytimeworkingonafarmwasanewexperienceforme.Itwasbasicallyafreeholidayasfoodandaccommodationwereprovided.However,itwasnotyourtypicalholidayasIhadtolookafterfifteenhorsesandsleepatthetopofatowerinacastle!IwasanawfulfarmerbutitdidnotmatterbecauseImadesomegreatfriends.However,youdonotneedtogoabroadtovolunteer.Ihavehadplentyofadventuresathomeasvolunteeringcanbecomeahobby.Forexample,IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinanattempttoconductmylocalchoir.Ididslowlyimproveanditfeltgreattoconductthechoirinaconcert.Atuniversity,Iorganisedaconcertforcharitywithmyfriends.Itwasreallyfunfindingbandsandraisingmoneyforacausewebelievein.Itistruethatyoufeelgoodvolunteeringbuttherearealsootheradvantages.Ioncevolunteeredasaserveratacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgavemecupcakestothankmeformyservices.IalsovolunteeredinacharityshopsoIfoundloadsofnicecheapclothestoupdatemywardrobe（衣柜）.Whilethisisallfun,myfavouriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.Myterribleattemptsatfarminghavegivenmehilariousstoriestotell!Talkingtovolunteersfromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundshasalsohelpedmelearnmoreabouttheworld.Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者认为做志愿者很有趣，并生动地描绘了他的几次志愿者经历，最后指出在做志愿者的同时，自己还收获了其他的很多东西，感激之情油然而生。Whydidtheauthorwanttovolunteer?Hewantedtogoabroad.Hefeltashamedofhimself.Hewantedtotastenewlifeandmakefriends.Hewantedtobeafarmer.C［考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句可知，作者找到一份在法国的一个农场做志愿者的工作，A项说作者自己想出国，故排除；B项中的“feltashamed”与第一段的第二句中的“Insteadoffeelingsorry”不符；作者找的志愿者工作是在农场，但并非他本人想做农民，D项错误。C项中的“tastenewlife”和第一段的第二句中的“havenewexperiences”意思一致，“makefriends”和关键句中的“meetpeople”意思一致。故选C。］Theunderlinedword“hilarious”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“”.A．sad B．funnyC．awful D．criticalB［考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在段可知，作者当志愿者最喜欢的部分就是讲故事，他在农场的经历给予了他讲有趣故事的源泉。同时和不同国家和背景的志愿者交谈也帮助作者更多地了解了世界。由此可推知，hilarious应与funny意思相近。故选B。］Theauthordidmuchvolunteeringworkexcept.A.takingcareofhorsesandsheepB.conductingachoirinaconcertC.helpinginacharitysportseventD.helpinginacharityshopA［考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句可知，作者是照看十五匹马，并没有羊。故选A。］4.Howdoestheauthorfeelaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Curious. B.Anxious.C.Cautious. D.Grateful.D［考查细节理解。最后一段最后一句中的“thankful”和D项中的“grateful”意思都是“感激的”。A项意为“好奇的”；B项意为“焦急的”；C项意为“谨慎的”。故选D。］D（2018.河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测一）Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondoncanactuallybequitelonely.Onecitizen,however,istryingtochangethis.“YougetontheTubeandit'scompletelysilentandit'sweird,“saysJonathanDunne,whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges（徽章）withthewords“Tubechat?”lastmonth,encouragingpassengersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.'〕handedout500badgesduringrushhourinacityof8million,expectingmostofthemtobethrownaway,butafterabout24hoursitcompletelysnowballed,“hesays.Dunneandhis'Tubechat”campaignhavesincebeenreportedbymediaacrosstheworld,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite，newspaperandmagazineappearances.AlthoughDunnesayshe'sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback,noteveryoneagreeswithhisidea.LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignofhisown,handingout500badgeswiththewords'Don'teventhinkaboutit”onthem.MichaelRobinson,24,astudentfromLondon,agrees.“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Itdoesn'tneedtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,“hesays.“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon't,butit'sbeenagreatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento，”Dunnesays.SoifyoueverendupusingpublictransportintheWest,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.HowdidDunneencourageLondonpassengerstotalkwitheachother?Byputtinguppostersonthetube.Byadvocatinghisideaonthemedia.Byofferingpassengersspecialbadges.Bystartingadialoguewithpassengers.HowisDunne'scampaigngettingalong?Ithascaughtinternationalattention.Ithasbecomeaworldwidecampaign.Mostpassengershaverefusedtoacceptit.Wilsonhasmadegreateffortstopromoteit.AccordingtoMichaelRobinson,whatshouldtubepassengersdo?Handintheirfeedbackintime.Walkupandtalktostrangers.Stopusingpublictransport.Enjoythepeacequietly.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TubeChatorNotB.LonelyTravelintheLondonTubeC.SilenceontheTubeD.TubePassengersWearingBadges【解题导语】每年乘坐伦敦地铁的乘客众多，可是人们仍然感到孤独；为此JonathanDunne发起了一个旨在鼓励乘客相互交谈的运动，此举引起了世界媒体的关注。尽管如此，人们对此仍有不同的态度。.C考查细节理解。根据第二段的“whohasstartedaworldwidedialogueaftergivingoutbadges（徽章）withthewords’Tubechat?’”可知，Dunne用给乘客们分发写着“Tubechat?”的徽章来鼓励乘客聊天，故C项正确。.A考查细节理解。根据第二段的“‘Tubechat,campaignhavesincebeenreportedbymediaacrosstheworld,seeingTVinterviewsinSweden,BrazilandtheUK,aswellascountlesswebsite,newspaperandmagazineappearances”可知，Dunne和他的“Tubechat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注，故A项正确。根据第二段的内容可知，该运动仅针对伦敦地铁乘客，故B项错误；根据第三段的“he'sreceivedmostlypositivefeedback”可知，C项错误；根据第三段第二句可知，Wilson对此运动持反对态度，故D项错误。.D考查细节理解。根据第三段的“BeingontheTubeistheonlypeaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Itdoesn'tneedtobespoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou”可知，MichaelRobinson认为乘伦敦地铁是人们上下班时享受安静的时刻，而不是交谈的时刻，故D项正确。.A考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章第二段介绍Dunne和他的“Tubechat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注；第三段介绍一些人持不同的观点；最后一段建议如果要踉陌生人打招呼，先看看他有没有徽章。据此可以判断，文章主要介绍了人们对于是否在伦敦地铁相互交谈持不同的观点，故A项最能概括文意。E（2017〜2018•第一学期赣州市十四县（市）联考）YoungpeopleintheUnitedStatesdonothaveastrongunderstandingoftheworldandtheirplaceinit.TwoU.S.-basedgroups,theCouncilonForeignRelationsandtheNationalGeographicSociety,commissionedanonlinesurveyearlierthisyear.TheywantedtoknowwhatyoungpeopleeducatedinAmericancollegesknowaboutgeography,U.S.foreignpolicy,recentinternationalevents，andeconomics.Thesurveywasgiventoover1,200Americansbetweentheagesof18and26,allofthempresentlyattending，orhavingpreviouslygraduatedfrom，a2-or4-yearcollegeoruniversity.Theaveragetestscore,outof75totalpossibleanswers,was55percent.Thestudyidentifiesafewimportantproblems.Forexample,only30percentknewthattheonlypartoftheU.S.governmentthatcandeclarewarisCongress.Only60%ofthosetakingthesurveycouldidentifyBrazilonaworldmap.Partoftheproblem,arguetheorganizersofthesurvey,istheInternet.Theysayitisbecominghardertofindhigh-qualityinformationaboutworldeventsamongallthefakenewsandtrivia（琐事）whichswamp（淹没）theWeb.Forty-threepercentofthosequestionedsaidtheyreadaboutthenewsonFacebook.Anotherproblemisthatmostcollegecoursesdonotrequirestudentstolearnaboutinternationalissues.Ifsuchinformationisnotrequired,RichardHaassfromtheCouncilonForeignRelationssaid,thentheUnitedStatescouldhaveleaderslikeGaryJohnson.HewasarecentpresidentialcandidatewhodidnotknowabouttheSyriancityofAleppowhenareporteraskedhimaboutit.Thesurveyresultswerenotallbad.Theyoungpeoplealsodemonstratedagoodunderstandingofclimatechangeandrenewableenergy.Andthemajorityofthemsaidthatinternationalissueswerebecomingmoreimportanttothem.Haasssaysthesefindingssuggesttheneedtofindwaystogetgoodinformationtostudentsbothinschoolandonline.Tohelp,theCouncilonForeignRelationsiscreatinganewprogramcalledCFRCampusdesignedtohelpbuildknowledgeaboutglobalissues.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesurvey?Alltheparticipantswererecentuniversitygraduates.Itwasgiventoover1,200Americanpeopleagedfrom18to26.ItsaimistofigureoutwhattheyoungpeopleknowaboutAmerica.ItwasanonlinesurveyconductedbytwoUSuniversities.Accordingtothesurvey,whattopicdidtheyoungAmericansunderstandbest?Environmentalmatters.Geographicinformation.Foreignrelations.Governmentorganizations.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisarticle?A．Economics.B．Entertainment.C．Education.D.Politics.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一个关于美国年轻人对地理、美国的外交政策、近期的国际事件及经济的了解情况的调查，并对调查结果进行分析和研究，提出相应策略。【难句分析】Forexample,only30percentknewthattheonlypartoftheU.S.governmentthatcandeclarewarisCongress.分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，在从句中不作句子成分；第二个that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为theonlypartoftheU.S.government。译文：比如，（参与调查的年轻人中）只有30%的人知道美国政府中唯一能（对外）宣战的部门是国会。B考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句 “Thesurveywasgiventoover1,200Americansbetweentheagesof18and26”可知，选项B正确。根据第三段第二句可知，参加调查的年轻人有些还正在上大学，并不都是最近毕业的，故A项错误；C项与第二段最后一句"Theywantedtoknow...aboutgeography,U.S.foreignpolicy,recentinternationalevents,andeconomics”相悖；根据第二段第一句可知，这项网上调查是由美国外交关系协会和国家地理学会委托第三方进行的，但并没有表明是两所美国大学，故排除D项。A考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段第二句"Theyoungpeoplealsodemonstratedagoodunderstandingofclimatechangeandrenewableenergy”可知，参与调查的美国年轻人对气候变化和可再生能源，即环境方面有良好的了解，故选A。C考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句中的“allofthempresentlyattending,orhavingpreviouslygraduatedfrom,a2or4yearcollegeoruniversity”可知，调查对象是在校或已经毕业的大学生，结合第六段第一句"Anotherproblemisthatmostcollegecoursesdonotrequirestudentstolearnaboutinternationalissues”可知，该调查关注了大学教育方面。由此可推知，本文有可能出现在报纸上的教育专栏，故选C。阅读理解-细节理解（二）A（2018•安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测）Beesplayavitalroleintheworld.Unfortunately，beesaredyingbythesecond.Themainpurposeofbeesistomakehoney.Honey,shockingly，doesnotexistforhumanconsumption；itisessentialtotheinsects.Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives（蜂箱）inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod.Theycollectpollen^粉）whichsuppliesproteinforyoungbeestogrow.AccordingtoNationalHoneyBoard，theincreasedproductionandqualityofagriculturalcropsasaresultofhoneybeepollinationarevaluedatmorethan$14,6billionperyear.Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee,beans，andbroccoli.Soiftheyaresovaluabletoagriculture，whydotheykeepdyingoff？Akeysuspectseemstobepesticides（农药）.Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticidesresultinthedamagetotheirneurological（神经系统的）functions,specificallymemoryorbehavior.Andthat'swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappearandleavebehindaqueen,plentyoffoodandafewnursebeestocarefortheremainingimmaturebeesandthequeen.Thereareseveralothercausesofthedeclineofbees,includingthedestructionofnaturalhabitats,likewoodlands,forests,andotherhabitatsforbees.Climatechangeisalsoafactorinthedeclineofthewildbeepopulation.Actually,thereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbee-friendlyplants.Pesticidesareusedinbothindustrialpracticesandeveninyourhome，soitisbesttofindorganicseedsandweedkillers.Whydohoneybeesstorehoneyintheirhives?Toprovideenoughhoneyforhumanstoconsume.Todrawproteinoutofhoneyforyoungbees.C.Tohelpattractotherinsectsandmakehivesstronger.Tostrengthenbeemusclesandheathivesinwinter.Applesandbeansarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshowthat.beessupplyhumanbeingswithbasicfoodbeesmainlyliveontheseagriculturalcropsbeesareofgreatimportancetofruitsandvegetablesbeescanbringinmoremoneyforfarmerseveryyearWhatismostlikelytocausetheworkerbeestoleavetheirhivesbehind?Thelackoffood.Theabuseofpesticides.C．Thefightingamongbees.D．Thedestructionofthehabitats.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Anotherwaytosavebees.Othertipsforchoosingseeds.Moremethodstoplantgreenorganicfruits.D．Causesofthedeclineinthewildbeepopulation.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。【难句分析】Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday,includingapples,grapes,coffee,beans,andbroccoli.分析：本句为主从复合句，句中weeattoday为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词thefruitsandvegetableso译文：这些昆虫对我们如今所食用的超过70种的水果和蔬菜负责，包括苹果、葡萄、咖啡、豆类和西兰花。D考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives（W箱）morderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。C考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday,includingapples,grapes,coffee,beans,andbroccoli”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。B考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticides...Andthat'swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。A考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一、二句 “Actually,thereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendlyplants”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。B（2017-福建泉州检测）Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofreadingahard-copybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemismanyofusrefusetolisten.Don'tgetmewrong:Digitalreadinghassomerealadvantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandoveragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreading：e-bookstendtobecheaper.There'salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!Yetthesoundnessofthiscaseisarguable.Theearthmetalstobuilde-readersarenotjustrarebuthighlypoisonous.Andthinkaboutallthatenergyneededtorunserversandcoolingfans.Andremember,treesarearenewableresource.Then,there'stheappealofahardcopy.Manypeoplepreferprintwhenreadingbothforpleasureandforschoolorwork.Drawingexamplesfrommyownresearch,someofthereasonsareaesthetic（美学的）.Othersinvolveasenseofaccomplishment,easeofannotation（“Icanwriteonthepages”）,andnavigation（“easytolocatewhereIwas”）.Meanwhile,Ihearabundantcomplaintsabouteyestrain（眼疲劳）andheadacheswhenusingscreens.Muchofwhatstudentslikedaboutreadingprintinvolvedtheirminds.Theysay“it'seasiertofocus”.Somealsoacknowledgedtheytookmoretimewithprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration.Morethan92%ofthoseIsurveyedsaidtheyconcentratedbestwhenreadingahardcopy.WhenadigitaldevicehasanInternetconnection,it'shardtoresistthetemptation（诱惑）.Soifdigitalinterruptionsdon'tthreatenyourenjoymentorunderstandingofatext,thenmediummaynotmatter.CasualreadinglikeDavidBaldaci.Ifyoubreaktochecksportsscores,therewillbelittleharmdone.Butjustdon'texpecttounderstandJoyce'snovelsthisway.【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书有愈来愈替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。Whatisanadvantageofreadingahard-copybook?A．Itischeaper.B．Itiseasiertocarryaround.C．Ithelpspeoplethinkdeeper.D．Itprovidesinstantinformation.C［考查细节理解。根据文章第五段中的“...involvedtheirminds...‘it'seasiertofocus’...withprintedtextandreadmorecarefully.”可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。故选C项。］What'sthebiggestproblemofreadingdigitally?Environmentalconcern.Physicaldiscomfort.Lackofconcentration.Internetconnection.C［考查细节理解。根据文章第六段第一句"Butwhatmakesthefailureofelectronicreadingisconcentration”可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。故选C项。］What'stheauthor'sattitudetowarde-reading?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving.C.Optimistic. D.Unconcerned.B ［考查推理判断。根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。故选B项。］Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?Byanalyzingpossiblereasons.Byprovidingtypicalexamples.C．Bylistingpracticalsuggestions.D．Bypresentingdirectcomparisons.D［考查推理判断。文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。故选D项。］C（2017-湖南长沙高三年级统一模拟考试）Inbetweenrunningoneoftheworld'slargestcharitableagenciesandactingasMicrosoft'stechnologyadvisor,BillGatesmanagestofindtimetoreadbooks,bothlongandshort.NowGates-whohasbeenlabeleda“greedy”reader-hasreleasedalistofhisfavoritebooks.Allofthebooksarestandoutreads,accordingtothebillionaire,mostofwhicharefocusedonbusinessandeconomy.HereareBill'stopfourpicks（withpartsofhisfullreviewofeachbook）．BusinessAdventures,byJohnBrooksBrooks'collectionwaspublishedin1969andremainsoneofGates'favorites.Here-readitagainthisyear,labelingitthebestbusinessbookhehaseverread.“Shortlyafterwemet,WarrenBuffettlentmethiscollectionofbusinessarticlesfromTheNewYorkerfromthe1950sand1960s.Ilovedthemasmuchashedid.Brooks'insights（洞察力）intobusinesshaveagedbeautifully,andtheyareastruetodayasever.”CapitalintheTwenty-FirstCentury,byThomasPikettyPiketty'snovelhittheshelvesinAugust2013andsparkedmuchdiscussionconcerningincomeinequalitythroughoutthisyear.GatesalsogottositdownwithPikettyhimselfafterreadingthenon-fictionworktodiscussthetopic.“AsItoldhim,althoughIhaveconcernsaboutsomeofhissecondarypointsandpolicyprescriptions,Iagreewithhismostimportantconclusions：inequalityisagrowingproblemandgovernmentsshouldplayaroleinreducingit.”HowAsiaWorks,byJoeStudwellStudwell'swork,whichwaspublishedinMay2014,addresseshowcountriessuchasJapan,SouthKoreaandChinahavecontinuedtoachievehighgrowth,andwhyothercountrieshavefailedtodothesame.“Theagriculturesectionofthebookwasparticularlyinsightful.Itprovidedamplefoodforthoughtformeaswellasthewholeagricultureteamatou