心理学专业英语知到章节答案智慧树2023年齐鲁师范学院

心理学专业英语知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新齐鲁师范学院第一章测试HowoldwasAnneFrankwhenshestarted（开始）hidingwithherfamilyinacrampedapartmentinAmsterdamtoavoidtheGermanarmyoccupyingtheNetherlands?（）

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13yearsoldWhendidWatsonjointheCharlesMansoncult？（）

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AfewyearsafterleavinghomeforcollegeSupposeyourbestfriendhasnaggedyouforthe300thtime,sayingthatyoutendtoeatonlypizza,chipsandsoda.Howdoyoudescribethisbehavior?（）

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nullWhatkindofdisciplinedoespsychologybelongto？（）

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SocialSciences（社会科学）Manypeople,whentheyhearthewordpsychology,thinkimmediatelyofmentaldisordersandabnormalbehavior.Butpsychologistsdonot（）theirattentiontoextremesofbehavior.

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confineBesideslaboratoryexperimentsandobservations,psychologyalsomakesmoreuseof（）informationthantheotherdisciplinesdo.

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biologicalMostpsychologistsresistreachingforconclusionsuntiltheyhaveevidencethatbe___and___byother.（）

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checked（检验）;verified（证明）WhichofthefollowingarethemainconcernsofAnthropology（人类学）？（）

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theoriginofhumanmaterialculture;thedevelopmentofthehumanspeciesSociology（社会学）isthestudyof___and___withinsociety.（）

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groups;institutionsWhichofthefollowingsubjectsdoessocialscience（社会科学）include？（）

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Politicalscience（政治学）;Anthropology（人类学）;Sociology（社会学）第二章测试Whoinitiatedanddevelopedpsychoanalyticmethods（精神分析法）?（）

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SigmundFreudWhatdobehaviorists（行为主义者）thinkdeterminesbehavior?（）

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environment（环境）Behavioristsbelievethatifpsychologyistobecomeanobjectivescience,whatshouldonlybestudied?（）

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observablebehaviorItdevelopedinAmericaintheearly1960s,andwastermedthethirdforceinpsychology.Whatwasit?（）

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HumanisticpsychologyWhenwillcognitivepsychologybecomethedominantparadigmofpsychologicalresearch?（）

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Inthe1970sAccordingtoGalen,aGreekdoctor,whatcanpersonalityandtemperamentberelatedto?（）

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thelevelsofbodyfluidssuchasbloodandbileinthebodyThebiologicalapproachmainlyadoptsa(n)（）togeneralizebiologicalinfluencesonbehaviortoallhumanswithsimilarphysiology,butfindstheuseofparticular“specialcasestudies”veryuseful.

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nomotheticapproach（一般规律法）Thebasicassumptionofhumanisticmethodinpsychologyisaproperunderstandingofhumannaturecanonlybegainedfromstudying（）.

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humansAccordingtothepsychoanalyticapproachtopsychology（精神分析法）,behaviorismotivatedbytwobasicinstinctualdrives.Theyare（）.

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thesexdrivefromErosandthelifeinstinct;theaggressiondrivefromThanatosandthedeathinstinctFraud’spsychoanalyticapproachhadagreatimpactonpsychologyandpsychiatry,andwasdevelopedindifferentwaysbypsychoanalystssuchas（）.

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Alder;Erickson;Jung第三章测试enablesustomakevoluntaryactions（随意动作）,tomoveaboutandtobehaveaswechooseto.（）

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thesomaticnervoussystem（躯体神经系统）Ifyouhavetorunacrossabusyintersection,the（）speedstheheartandroutesbloodtothemusclestosupplymoreoxygenand,consequently,moreenergy.

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theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)（自主神经系统）Oneofthestructuresintheforebrain（前脑）is,thebusytrafficofficerofthebrain.（）

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thethalamus（丘脑）Humanbeingshaveacommunicationssystem().Itincludesanetworkofinformation-carryingcables,ornerves,whichconnectthevariouscomponents.（）

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theForebrain（前脑）Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)wascomposedof（）.

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spinalcord（脊髓）;Brain（脑）Whichofthefollowingisthefunctionofthespinalcord?（）

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itsendsinformationtothebrain;itreceivesmessagesfromthebrain;itprotectsthebodyfromdamage;itintegratesandcoordinatessensorydataThoughwemaythinkoftheAutonomicNervousSystem(ANS)（自主神经系统）asautonomous,itisinfluencedby（）.

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theCentralNervousSystem(CNS)（中枢神经系统）;theendocrinesystem（内分泌系统）;theenvironmentalevents（环境事件）Thepons（脑桥）isinvolvedinactivitiessuchas（）.

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waking（清醒）;sleeping（睡眠）;dreaming（做梦）Thehypothalamus（下丘脑）isimportantbecause（）

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Itisinvolvedinpowerfuldrivesassociatedwiththesurvivalofboththeindividualandthespecies;Itregulatesbodytemperaturebytriggeringsweatingorshivering;ItcontrolsthecomplexoperationsoftheautonomicnervoussystemStandingonthebrainstemandlookingtowardthebackpartofthebrain,weseeastructureaboutthesizeofasmallfist,bulgingoutfromthepons.Itisthecerebellum,orlesserbrain.（）

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对第四章测试Theprocessofreceivinginformationfromtheoutsideworld,translatingit,andtransmittingittothebrainiscalled（）.

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sensation（感觉）Byemploying___,weareabletoorganizethecomplexphenomenaintosimpler,andthereforemoreeasilyusable,cognitivecategories.（）

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concepts（概念）___isasymboliccodeusedincommunication.（）

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Language（语言）Picturespygmies（俾格米人）drawareflat,two-dimensionalrenderingswithoutdepthcues.,andthisstudysuggeststhat___affectsperception.（）

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culture/learningexperience（文化/学习经验）To___,thinkingisthemanipulationtomentalrepresentationstoinformation.（）

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psychologistsSenseorgansoperatethroughsensoryreceptorcells,whichreceiveoutsideformsof___(light,vibrations,heat)andtranslatethemintoneural___thatcanbetransmittedtothebrainforinterpretation.（）

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impulses;energySensationsareintheformofrawneuralenergythatmustbe___and___intheprocesswecallperception.（）

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organized;interpretedThespecificlearningexperiences,,,and___oftheindividualcaninfluenceperception.（）

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motives（动机）;emotions（情绪）;memories（记忆）Thefollowingaretheso-calledGestaltprinciplesofperception:（）.

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proximity（接近性）;closure（封闭性）;continuity（连续性）;figure-ground（图形环绕）Whenwesaythatlanguageisgenerative,wemeanthataninfinitesetofutterancescanbemadeusingafinitesetofelementsandrules.Whataretheseelementsandrules?（）

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phonemes（音素）;syntax（句法）;morphemes（语素）第五章测试Ifyoudonotvaluegoodperformanceattennis,youwillbeunlikelytopractice,evenifyouhaveastrongexpectationthatpracticeimprovesperformance.Thiscanbeexplainedby（）.

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Expectancy-valuetheories（）proposesthatakeydriverofmotivationissatisfactionofthreebasic,psychologicalneedsforautonomy,competence,andrelatedness.

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Self-determinationtheoryTheneedfor（）reflectsthedesiretoexperienceefficacy,tofeelthatoneisdoingthingswellandachievingone’sgoals.

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competenceAnemotionisapatternofresponsestoaneventthatisrelevanttothegoalsorneedsoftheorganism.Theresponsesinclude:（）.

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thoughts;expressionsoftheabove;impulsestoaction;physiologicalarousalVirtuallyallaccountsofemotionagreethatemotionscanbeclassifiedtwobroaddimensions:（）.

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degreeofpleasantness;degreeofphysicalexcitementorarousalThecharacteristicsofinstinctsare（）.

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irrational;fixedAccordingtoself-determinationtheory,basicpsychologicalneedsaredefinedasinnatepsychologicalnutriments,thesatisfactionofwhichisessentialfortheprocessof（）.

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integrity;well-being;optimalfunctioning;continuouspsychologicalgrowthDarwin’stheoryofevolutionemphasizedthecontinuitybetweenpeopleandotherspecies.（）

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对Instinctivebehaviorisflexible,anditdependsonthestateoftheorganismatthetimeofthebehavior.（）

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错Biologically,thegoalofdrivereductionishomeostasis—maintainingabalancedorconstantphysiologicalstate.（）

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对第六章测试InordertodealwiththeanxietycausedbythetenserelationshipbetweenID（本我）andsuperego（超我）,whatisthemostbasicdefensemechanism?（）

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repression（压抑）Granted,（）canencourageordiscouragetheexpressionofagiventrait.Anaggressiveperson,forexample,ismorelikelytodisplayaggressivenessonatenniscourtthaninchurch.

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situationalpressures（情境压力）Beholdersarepronetomanyperceptualbiases.（）isatendencytomaintainourfirstimpressionofapersonevenifherorsheactsquitedifferentlylater.

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Theso-calledprimaryeffect（）inBiculturalIdentityIntegration(BII;thatis,howbiculturalexperiencetheirdualcultureidentities)maymoderatetherelationshipbetweenculture-basedvariabilityinpersonalityandwell-being.()

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IndividualdifferenceTonurturegrowthinothers,whatdidCarlRogersadvise（卡尔罗杰斯）?（）

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beaccepting;beempathic.;begenuineWhenJamesConleymeasuredthetraitsofseveralhundredadultsatthreedifferenttimesintheirlives,hediscoveredthat(),(),and()inparticularremainedremarkablestableevenoveraforty-five-yearperiod.（）

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extraversion（外向性）;impulsecontrol（冲动控制）;neuroticism（神经质）Becausewetendtowantconsistencyinour()and(),weoftendiscountinformationthatdoesn’tfitourinitialview.（）

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perceptions（知觉）;beliefs（信念）Manytimesourbehaviorisquitepredictablefromonecontexttoanother,suggestingthat______,aswellas______,influencehowweact.（）

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innertraits（内在特质）;situations（情境）Ratherthanexplainthehiddenaspectsofpersonality,traittheoristshaveexplainedthepredispositionsthatunderlieouractions.（）

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对Humanisticpsychologists（人本主义心理学家）assesspersonalitythroughquestionnairesthatrateself-conceptandbyseekingtounderstandothers’subjectivepersonalexperiencesintherapy.（）

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对第七章测试The____isanewdisorderthatmadeitsfirstappearanceinDSM-IVandinvolvesaperiodofintenseanxietythatlastsforonemonthorless.（）

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acutestressdisorder（急性应激障碍）A(An)____involvesbriefperiodsofexceptionallyintensespontaneousanxiety,andtheyareunpredictable.Theyseemtocome“outoftheblue”andcanevenappearduringsleep.（）.

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panicdisorder（惊恐障碍）The_____involvesgeneral,persistentanxietythatlastsforatleastamonthandisnotassociatedwithanyparticularobjectorsituation.（）

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generalizedanxietydisorder（广泛性焦虑障碍）The_____hasundoubtedlyexistedthroughhistory,butithasonlygainedwidespreadattentionsinceitwasobservedinveteransoftheVietnamconflict.Themajorsymptomofthisdisorderisreexperiencingofatraumaticevent.（）

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posttraumaticstressdisorder（创伤后应激障碍）____,alsocalledsocialphobia,isdefinedasanoverwhelminganddisablingfearofscrutiny,embarrassment,orhumiliationineverydaysocialsituationswhichleadstoavoidanceofpotentiallypleasurableandmeaningfulactivities.（）

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Socialanxietydisorder（社交恐惧症）Forpanicdisorder,betweenattacks,theindividualisoften___aboutpossibleimpendingattacks,thereforecausingan___generallevelofanxiety.（）

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elevated（升高的）;anxious（焦虑的）Whenitcomestotheposttraumaticstressdisorder（创伤后应激障碍）,inadditiontothereexperiencing,thereisoftenageneralnumbing___involvementwiththe___world.（）

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reduced;externalAccordingtotheSocialPhobia/SocialAnxietyAssociation(SP/SAA),peoplewithsocialphobiausuallyfindtheiranxietytriggeredbysituationssuchas:（）.

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beingwatchedorobservedwhiledoingsomething.;beingintroducedtootherpeople;beingthecenterofattention.;beingteasedorcriticized.Mostkindsofabnormalbehaviorarefarlessdramaticthanthesymptomsofthewall-poundingschizophrenic（精神分裂症）,infact,mostpeoplewithpsychologicaldisordersseem“normal”mostofthetime.（）

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对Itisimportantnottoconfusepanicattacks（惊恐障碍）withtheintenseperiodsthatareassociatedwithphysicalexertionandthestressofreallife-threateningsituations.（）

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对第八章测试InArmenia（亚美尼亚）andAzerbaijan（阿塞拜疆）,residentsmayhavelearnedduringtheirchildhoodsethnicprejudices（种族歧视）thatlater___aggressivebehaviors.（）

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fosteredTheexplanatoryvariablescannotbedirectlyobserved,butrathermustbeinferredfrom___.Forexample,wemayinferthatourfriendhasthetraitofaggressivenessbecausehealwaysgetsintofights.（）.

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behavior______comprisethecognitiveinformationpeopleholdaboutvariouspeopleandthings.（）

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Beliefs______areevalu