小马过河托福听力讲义

（三（三、 和讲座的模式介绍11、 ）、形式:talkinturn,10） ctive：与学生互动））（四（四、托 的评分标准YourTesttakerswhoreceiveascoreattheHIGHlevel,asyoudid,typicallyunderstandconversationsandlecturesinEnglishthatpresentawiderangeoflisteningdemands.Thesedemandscanincludedifficultvocabulary( monterms,orcolloquialorfigurativelanguage),complexgrticalstructures, orcomplexideas,and/ormakingsenseofunexpectedorseeminglycontradictoryinformation.Whenlisteningtolecturesandconversationslikethese,testtakersattheHIGHleveltypicallyunderstandmainideasandimportantdetails,whethertheyarestatedordistinguishmoreimportantideasfromlessimportantunderstandhowinformationisbeingused(forexample,toprovideevidenceforaclaimordescribeastepinacomplexprocess);recognizehowpiecesofinformationareconnected(forexample,inacause-and-effectunderstandmanydifferentwaysthatspeakersuselanguageforpurposesotherthantogiveinformation(forexample,toemphasizeapoint,expressagreementordisagreement,orconveyintentionsindirectly);andsynthesizeinformation,evenwhenitisnotpresentedinsequence,andmakecorrectinferencesonthebasisofthatinformation. 题型题型1 题考生是否能理解/讲座的大概意思。和讲座的大概意思，即文章Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?Whatdoestheprofessormainlydiscuss?Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?Whatisthemaintopicofthe E.讲座题解题原则题型题型2 目的主旨一般出现于conversation中。WhydoesthestudentvisittheWhydoesthestudentvisittheregistrar'soffice?Whydidtheprofessorasktoseethestudent?WhydoestheprofessorexinX?WhatisthepurposeoftheHope(Iwasho,…)Iwouldliketodo…WhatcanIdoforyou?HowcanIhelp?Need(Doyouneed,II'mwonderingifyoucangiveme…(e.g.Iwaswonderingifyoucould,…)Think(e.g.Iamthinking,Iwaskindofthinking,…)Sothemysteryisfiguringouthowtheybecame…WhatcanIdoforyou?(Prof,Librarian,Registrar…) Accordingtothe Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisonewaythatXcanaffectY?Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisthemainproblemwiththeXtheory?Accordingtothespeaker,whatis Howdoestheresearcherdefine Howdoesthespeakerdescribe WhatareX?Whathappened Whatreasonisgiven Whatresultedfromtheinventionofthe4、UnderstandingtheFunctionofWhatis话语功能题（重听题Whatcanbeinferredfromtheprofessor'sresponsetothestudent?(rey)Whatdoestheprofessorimplywhenhesaysthis?(rey)Whatisthepurposeofthewoman'sresponse?(rey)Whatisthepurposeofthewoman'sresponse?(rey)Whydoesthestudentsaythis?(rey)Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudentwhenhesaysthis?(rey)Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestudent?Whatdoesthemanmeanwhenhesaysthis?(rey)WhatdoesthespeakerseemtofeelaboutX?Whatistheprofessor'sattitudetowardsX?Whatistheprofessor'sopinionofX?Howdoestheprofessororganizetheinformationthatshepresentstothe（IntheorderinwhichtheeventsHowdoestheprofessorclarifythepointshemakesabout（BycomparingMexicotoaneighboringHowistheinformationinthelecture1、一般会出现在lectureconversation7、ConnectingContentWhatisthelikely eofngprocedureXbeforeprocedureY?WhatcanbeinferredaboutX?Whatdoestheprofessorimplyabout 练 acounselorattheUniversityCounselingareceptionistattheRegistrar’sOfficeonthefirstdayofthesemester.Anemployeeintheuniversity’scareerservicesoffice. IfIwereyou,Isuggestions/ mendations/adviceswhydon’tyou…?Why转折原则butonly,unique2、do,does,did3、importantcritical4、thebestthemost )All，5.举例原则78.“波”9:一、学生与教授 24/ ,：paper,termpaper,essay,thesis()，dissertation(博士 Bookreport,bookreview,li turereview,labreport,Researchproject（ 选修课：elective/optionalTPO中，学生与教授的的话题 TPO22-2：学生与音乐系教授的。TPO23-2：学生与英语系教授的。TPO24-2：学生与地理教授的。二、学生与教职工的 16/TPO中，学生与教职工的话题 TPO15-1：学生与咨询导师关于志愿当的具体工作职责的。TPO16-1：学生与教职经理关于合唱团的排练场地太过嘈杂的。TPO17-2：学生与食品服务经理关于换岗的。 6/TPO中，学生与馆管理员 总结 四：学生与学生：1/ TPO中，学生与学生 TPO1-2,2-1，3-2，4-2，5-2，6-长长TPOTPO ListentopartofaconversationbetweenastudentandhisHiMathew,I'mgladyoucancomeintoday. You'vebeenobservingMr.Grable'sthird-gradeclassforyourapproachestoeducationpaper,right?Hmmm,yes.IgoovertheJohnsonElementarySchool,youknow,towatchMr.Grableteachthechildreninclass.It'sbeenamazing,Imean,I'mjustlearningsomuchfromjustwatchinghim.I'msogladtheclassroomobservationsarearequirementfortheeducationprogram.Imeanit'slikethebestthingevertoprepareyoutobeagoodteacher.Well,I'mgladtoseeyoufeelthatway,Mathew.Youknow,that'sthegoal.So,I'vebeenreadingoveryourobservationnotesandI'mquiteinterestedinwhat'sgoingon,inparticularwhat'stheastronomyunithe'sbeenteaching.TheastronomyItseemsthatMr.Grablehasmasteredtheinterdisciplinaryapproachtoteaching—thewaywe'vebeentalkingaboutinclass.Oh!OK,yeah,solikewhenhewasteachingthemastronomy,hedidn'tjustteachthemthenamesofthenets,heuseditasawaytoteachmythology.Really!So,howdidhedoWell,someofthestudentscouldalreadynamethenets,buttheydidn'tknowthatthenameshadanymeaning—thestoriesbehindthem.So,HeintroducedGreekandRomanmythologyasawayofexining.Like,youknow,howlike（举例解释）Jupiter'sthebiggestnet,right,andhowJupiterwasthenameofthekingofthegodsinRomanmythology,right?SosinceJupiter,thenet,isthelargestnetinoursolarsystem,it'slikethekingofthenets,likeJupiterwasthekingofallthegods.Oh,Mathew,that'sagreatYeah!Andeachstudentchoseanetandthendidresearchonittowriteareportandmakeapresentation.Theywenttothelibrarytodotheresearch,thentheymadepresentationsaboutthenettheychose.So,inonescienceunit,inwhichthefocuswasastronomy,thestudentsalsolearnedaboutthelitureofGreekandRomanmythology,usedresearchskillsinthelibrary,wroteareportandpracticedtheiroralpresentationskills.Exactly!Heusedthisonetopictoteachthird-gradersallthatstuff—howtousethebooksinthelibrary,towritereports,andevenhowtospeakinpublic.Plustheyhadagreattime ngit.Youknow,Mathew,thisisjustwhatwe'vebeentalkingaboutinourclass.I'msureeveryonecanlearnsomethingfromyourexperience.Youknow,Mathew,I'dloveforyoutotalkaboutthisastronomyunitinclassonWednesday.Really?!Hmmm…'cozIdon'treallythinkI'llhaveanytimetowritemypaperbyOh,youwon'tneedtowriteanythingnewjustyet.ForWednesday,useyourclassobservationnotesandexinthethingswe'vediscussedtoday.OK,thatsoundsallelective选修课minor::：内部的，例如WhatistheconversationmainlyAlessonMatthewpreparedforhisAclassMatthewhasbeenAtermpaperthatMatthewhasAprobleminMatthew'sWhatisMatthew'sopinionaboutobservingMr.Garble'sthird-gradeItwillhelp eamoreeffectiveItcouldhelpimprovehisstudyIthasimprovedhispublic-speakingItmaybethemostdifficultassignmenthehasWhydoesMatthewmentionGreekandRomanToidentifyatopicfrequentlydiscussedinthirdTogettheprofessor'sopinionaboutalessonheTomakeasuggestiontoimprovetheclassheisToillustrateatechniqueusedtoteachathird-gradeWhatimportantskillsdidMr.Grableintroducetohisthird-gradeClickon3UsingbooksintheSpeakinginWhatwillMatthewprobablydoinnextWednesday'sHandinhisassignmentTrytostartastudyMakeapresentationtotheChooseatopicforhisTPOTPO ListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaUh,excuseme,ProfessorThompson.Iknowyourofficehoursaretomorrow,butIwaswonderingifyouhadafewminutes nowtodiscusssomething.Sure,John.WhatdidyouwanttotalkWell,IhavesomequickquestionsabouthowtowriteuptheresearchprojectIdidthissemester—aboutclimatevariations.Oh,yes.YouwerelookingatvariationsinclimateintheGrantCityarea,right?Howfaralonghaveyougotten?I'vegotallmydata,soI'mstartingtosummarizeitnow,preparinggraphsandstuff.ButI'mjust...I'mlookingatitandI'mafraidthatit'snotenough,butI'mnotsurewhatelsetoputinthereport.Ihearthesamethingfromeverystudent.Youknow,youhavetoremembernowthatyou'retheexpertonwhatyou'vedone.So,thinkaboutwhatyou'dneedtoincludeifyouweregoingtoexinyourresearchprojecttosomeonewithgeneralorcasualknowledgeaboutthesubject,like...likeyourparents.That'susuallymyruleofthumb:wouldmyparentsunderstandthis?OK.IgetIhopeyoucanrecognizebymysayingthathowmuchyoudoknowabouttheRight.Iunderstand.IwaswonderingifIshouldalsoincludethenotesfromtheresearchjournalyousuggestedIkeep.Yes,definiy.Youshouldusethemtoindicatewhatyourevolutioninthoughtwasthroughtime.So,justsetup,youknow,whatwasthepurposeofwhatyouwereng—totrytounderstandtheclimatevariabilityofthisarea—andwhatyoudid,andwhatyourapproachOK.So,forexample,Istudiedmeteorologicalrecords;Ilookedatclimatecharts;Iuseddifferentmethodsforyzingthedata,likecertainstatisticaltests;andthenIdiscusstheresults.Isthatwhatyoumean?Yes,that'sright.Youshouldincludeallofthat.Thestatisticaltestsareespeciallyimportant.Andalsobesureyouincludeagoodreferencesectionwhereallyourpublishedandunpublisheddatacamefrom,'cozyouhavealotofunpublishedclimatedata.Hmm...somethingjustcameintomymindandwentouttheotherThathappenstomealot,soI'vecomeupwithaprettygoodmemorymanagementtool.IcarryalittlepadwithmeallthetimeandjotdownquestionsorideasthatIdon'twanttoforget.Forexample,Iwenttothedoctorwithmydaughterandherbabysonlastweekandweknewwewouldn'tremembereverythingwewantedtoaskthedoctor,soweactuallymadealistoffivethingswewantedanswersto.Anotepadisagoodidea.SinceI'msobusynowattheendofthesemester,I'mgettingprettyforgetfulthesedays.OK.IjustrememberedwhatIwastryingtosaybefore.Good.Iwashoyou'dcomeupwithYes.ItendsupthatIhavedataonmorethanjusttheimmediateGrantCityarea,soIalsoincludedsomeregionaldatainthereport.Witheverythingelseitshouldbeaprettygoodindicatoroftheclimateinthispartofthestate.Soundsgood.I'dbehappytolookoveradraftversionbeforeyouhandinthefinalcopy,ifyouwish.Great.I'llntogetyouadraftofthepaperbynextFriday.Thanksverymuch.Well,seeWhydoesthemangotoseehisToborrowsomechartsandgraphsfromToaskhertoexinsomestatisticalTotalkaboutreportheisTodiscussagradehegotonaWhatinformationwillthemanincludeinhisreport?ClickinthecorrectboxforeachphraseIncludeinNotincludeinInterviewswithJournalsWhydoesthe lthemanabouttheappointmentatthedoctor'sTodemonstrateawayofrememberingToexinwhysheneedstoleaveToillustrateapointthatappearsinhisToemphasizetheimportanceofgoodWhatdoestheprofessoroffertodofortheHelphimcollectmoredatainotherareasoftheSubmithisresearchfindingsforGivehimthedoctor'sephoneReviewthefirstversionofhisWhydoestheprofessorsayToquestionthelengthoftheTodisputethedataToexinaTPOListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaHi,ProfessorArchure,youknowhowinclasslastweekyousaidyouwerelookingforstudentswhoareinterestedinvolunteeringforyourarcheologyproject?Ofcourse,areyouYes,Iam.Itsoundsreallyinteresting,buter…doIneedtohaveanyexperienceforthesekindsofprojects?No,notreally.Iassumethatmoststudentstakingtheintroductorylevelofclasswouldhavelittleornoexperiencewiththearcheologicalresearch,butthat’sOK.Oh,good,that’sarelief.Actually,that’swhyI’mvolunteeringfortheproject—togetexperience.Whatkindofworkisit?Well,asyouknow,we'restudyingthehistoryofthecampusthissemester.Thisusedtobeanagriculturalareaandwealreadyknowthatwherethemainlecturehallnowstands,thereoncewerefarmhouseandbarnthatwereerectedinthelate1700s.Weareexcavatingnearthelecturehalltoseewhattypesofartifactswefind,youknow,thingspeopleusedinthepastthatgotburiedwhenthecampuswasconstructed.We’vealreadybegantofindsomeveryinterestingitemslikeoldbottles,buttons,piecesofclaypottery.Buttonsandclaypottery?Didtheoldownersleaveinsuchahurrythattheylefttheirclothesanddishesbehind?Hmmm…that’sjustoneofthequestionswehopetoanswerwiththisWow,andit’sallrighthereonThat’sright,notravelinginvolved.Iwouldn'texpectvolunteerstotraveltoasite,especiallyinthemiddleofthesemester.Weexpecttofindmanymorethings,butwedoneedmorepeopletohelp.So…howmanystudentvolunteersareyoulookingI’mhotogetfiveorsix.I’veaskedforvolunteersinalloftheclassesIteach,butnoonehasresponded.Youarethefirst toexpressinterest.Soundslikeitcouldbealotofwork.Isthereer…isthereanywayIcanusetheexperiencetogetsomeextracreditinclass?Imean,canIwriteapaperaboutit?Ithinkit’lldependonwhattypeofworkyoudointheexcavation,butIimaginewecanarrangesomething.ActuallyI’vebeenconsideringofferingextracreditforclassbecauseI’vebeenhavingatoughtimegettingvolunteers.ExtracreditisalwaysagoodincentiveforAndhowoftenwouldyouwantthevolunteerstoWe’reaskingforthreeorfourhoursperweek,dependingonyourschedule.Aseniorresearcher,IthinkyouknowJohnFranklin,myassistant,isonsiteeveryday.Sure,IknowJohn.Bytheway,willtherebesomesortofYes,er…IwanttowaitstillFridaytoseehowmanystudentsvolunteer,andthenI’llschedulethetrainingclassnextweekatatimethat’sconvenientforeveryone.OK.I’llwaittohearfromyou.ThanksalotforacceptingWhydoesthestudentgotoseetheToaskaboutaclassTofindoutaboutamid-semesterTogetinformationaboutsummerTodiscusswaystoimprovehisWhatwasoriginallylocatedonthesiteofthelectureAApotteryAclothingWhatismentionedasanadvantageofworkingonthisOff-campustravelispaidStudentscanleaveclassThelocationisItfulfillsagraduationWhatistheprofessor ngtogetmoveOfferingextraclassPayingthestudentsfortheirAskingforstudentvolunteersfromoutsideherProvidingflexibleworkWhatinformationdoesthestudentstillneedtogetfromtheThenameoftheseniorWhatbookheneedstoreadbeforethenextWhenthetrainsessionwillbeWheretheprojectisTPOListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaHey,Jane,youlooklikeyouareinaYeah,thingsarealittleOhyeah?What’sgoingOh,it’snothing.Well,sinceit’syourclass,Iguessit’sOK.It’s,it’sjustIamhavingtroublewithmygroupproject.Ah,yes,duenextweek.What’syour ngIt’saboutUnitedStatesSupremeCourtDecisions.Wearelookingattheimpactofrecentcasesonpropertyrights,municipallandusecases,owningRight,OK.Andit’snotgoingNotreally.I’mworriedaboutothertwopeopleinmygroup.Theyarejustsittingback,notreallyngtheirfairshareoftheworkandwaitingforanA.It’skindofstressingmeout,becausewearegettingclosetothedeadlineandIfeellikeI’mngeverythingforthisproject.Ah,thegoodold-riderAh,it’sjustatermthatdescribesthissituation,whenpeopleinthegrouptogetthebenefitsofbeinginagroupwithoutcontributingtothework.Anyway,whatexactlydoyoumeanwhenyousaytheyjustsitback?Imean,they’vebeenfollowingtheweeklyprogressreportswithme.Yes,butIfeellikeI’mng90%ofthework.Ihatetosoundsonegativehere,buthonestly,theyaretakingcreditforthingstheyshouldn’ttakecreditfor.Likelastweekinthelibrary,wedecidedtosplituptheresearchinto3partsandeachofuswassupposedtofindsourcesinthelibraryforourparts.Iwentofftothestackandfoundsomereallygoodmaterialformypart,butwhenIgotbacktoourtable,theywerejustgoofingoffandtalking.SoIwentandgotmaterialsfortheirsectionsaswell.Um…youknowyoushouldn’tdoIknow,butIdidn’twanttorisktheprojectgoingdowntheIknowTeresaandKevin.Ihadbothofthemonothercourses.So,I’mfamiliarwiththeworkandworkhabits.Iknow,metoo.That’swhythishasreallysurprisedDoyou…doesyourgrouplikeyourWell,Ithinkwe’dallratherfocusoncasesthatdealwith alliberties,questionsabout domofspeech,thingslikethat.ButIchosepropertyYouchosetheYeah,Ithoughtitwouldbegoodforus,allofustotrysomethingUm…maybethat’spartoftheproblem.MaybeTeresaandKevinaren’tthatexcitedaboutthetopic?Andsinceyoupickedit,haveyouthought…talktothematallaboutpickingadifferenttopic?Butwe’vegotallthesourcesandit’sduenextweek.Wedon’thavetimetostartfromscratch.OK,Iwillletyougo‘causeIknowyouaresobusy.Butyoumightconsidertalkingtoyourgroupaboutyourtopicchoice.Iwillthinkaboutit.Gottorun,seeyouinWhatistheconversationmainlyMethodsforfindingappropriatesourcesforaReasonsthewomanishavingdifficultieswithaCriteriatheprofessorusestoevaluategroupWaystodeveloptheskillsneededtoworkinWhydoestheprofessormentionthe ToreviewaconceptheexinedinTogivethestudentantosolveherToclarifytheproblemthestudentisToexinabenefitofworkinginWhatistheprofessor’sopinionoftheotherstudentsinthewoman’sTheytrytotakecreditforworktheydidnotTheydidnotperformwellinpreviouscourseswithTheyaremoremotivatedwhentheyareworkinginaTheydogoodworkwhentheyareinterestedintheWhydidthewomanchoosepropertyrightsasaThe mendedtheShealreadyhadalotofreferencematerialsontheShewantedtolearnsomethingItwaseasytoresearchattheschoolWhatmistakesdoestheprofessorimplythewomanhasmadewhileworkingonaproject?Clickon2FindingsourcesforhergroupWritingtheweeklyprogressreportsforherForgettingtopayattentiontotheproject’sFailingtoinvolvethegroupmembersintheselectionofaTPOListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaHi,IwaswonderingifIcouldtalkwithyouabouttheassignmentinthefilmtheoryOfcourse,ItseemsthatprettymucheveryoneelseintheclassgetswhattheyaresupposedtobengbutI’mnotsosure.Well,theclassisforstudentswhoarereallyseriousaboutfilm.Youmusthavetakenfilmcoursesbefore.Yeah,inhighschool,filmUm…Iwouldn’tthinkthatwouldbeenough.Didyouconcentratemainlyonformorcontent?Oh,definiycontent.We’dwatch,sayLordoftheFlies,andthendiscussOh,thatapproach,treatingfilmas ture,ignoringwhatmakesitIlikedit,Sure,butthatkindofclass.Well,I’mnotsurprisedthatyouarefeelingalittlelost.Youknow,wehavetwointroductorycoursesthataresupposedtobetakenbeforeyougettomycourse,oneinfilmart,techniques,technicalstuffandanotherinfilmhistory.Sostudentsintheclassyouareinshouldbeprettyfaralonginfilmstudies.Infact,usuallythesystemblocksanyonetryingtosignupfortheclasstheyshouldn’tbetaking.Andwhohasn’ttakenthecoursesyouarerequiredtodofirstasprerequisites.Well,IdidhaveaproblemwiththatbutIdiscusseditwithoneofyourofficestaff,andshegavemepermission.Ofcourse.NomatterhowmanytimesIlthem,theyjustkeepon…Well,foryourowngood,Ireallysuggestdropbackandstartingattheusualce.Yes.ButI’vealreadybeeninthisclassfor4weeks.I’dhatetojustdropitnowespeciallysinceIfinditsodifferent,sointeresting.Iguessso.FranklyIcan’tbelieveyou’velastedthislong.Theseareprettyin-depththeorieswe’vebeendiscussingandyou’vebeenngOKsofar,Iguess.Butstill,theprogram’sbeendesignedtoprogressthroughcertainstages.Likeanyotherprofessionaltrainingwebuildonperviousknowledge.Thenmaybeyou mendsomeextrareadingIcandoto…catchWell,areyouintendingtostudyfilmasyourmainNo,no.Iamjustinterested.I’mactuallyinmarketing,butthereseemstobeaOh…well,in…inthatcase,ifyou’retakingthecoursejustoutofinterest,ImeanIstillhighlymendsigningupfortheintroductorycoursesatsomepoint,butinthe ,isnoharmIguessintryingtokeepupwiththisclass.Theinterestisclearlythere.Eh,insteadofanyextrareadingjustnowthough,youcouldviewsomeoftheoldintroductorylectures.Wehavethemon.Thatwouldgiveyouabetterhandleonthesubject.It’sstillaprettytallorder,andwewillbemovingrightalong,soyouwillreallyneedtostayontopofit.OK,I’vebeenwarned.Now,could lyouabouttheideafortheWhatistheconversationmainlyAnassignmentaboutwhichthestudentwouldlikeConcernsastowhetherthestudentshouldbeintheprofessor’sTheselectionoffitobeviewedbystudentsinafilmtheoryThestructureandsequenceofcoursesintheFilmWhatistheprofessor’sattitudetowardthestudent’shighschoolfilmHedoesnotconsideritsatisfactorypreparationfortheclassheHedoesnotthinkthatliryworksshouldbediscussedinfilmHebelievesthatthistypeofcourseoftenconfusesinexperiencedHefeelsthattheapproachtakeninthiscourseisthebestwaytolearnaboutWhywasthestudentpermittedtosignupforprofessor’sfilmtheoryHerhighschoolcoursefulfilledtherequirementforpreviouscourseThecomputersystemthatusuallyblocksstudentswasnotworkingAnemployeeinthedepartmentdidnotfollowTheprofessormadeanexceptioninherWhydoestheprofessordecidetoallowthestudentinhisclass?Clickon2answers.SheneedstotakethecourseinordertoHeisimpressedwithhereagernesstoSheconvinceshimthatshedoeshaveadequatepreparationfortheHelearnsthatsheisnotstudyingfilmashermaincourseofWhatdoestheprofessoradvisethestudenttosoinordertokeepupwiththeclasssheisin?TaketheintroductoryWatchsomeDoextraDropoutofhermarketingTPOListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandaUh,hi,Lisa,whatcanIdoforWell,I’vebeenthinkingabout,youknow,whatyouweresayinginclasslastweek,abouthowweshouldn’twaituntilthelastminutetofindanideaandgetstartedworkingonourtermpaper.Good,good,andhaveyoucomeupwithWell,yeah,sortof.See,I’veneverhadalinguisticsclassbefore,soIwassortof,Imean,Iwaslookingoverthecoursedescriptionandalotofthestuffyoudescribedthere,Ijustdon’tknowwhatitistalkingabout,youknow,orwhatitmeans.ButtherewasonethingthatreallydidjumpoutatmeThesectionondialects,cos…like,that’sthekindofthingthat’salwayssortofintriguedme,youknow?Well,that’scertainlyaninterestingtopic.Butyoumaynotrealize,Imean,theWell,especiallynow,cosI’vegotlikeoneroommatewhoisfromthesouthandanotheronefromNewYork.Andwealltalkliketotallydifferent,youknow?Yes,Iunderstand.ButthenIwasnoticing,like,wedon’treallygetintothistilltheendofthesemester,youknow.SoI…So,youwantsomepointerswheretogoforinformationonthesubject?Well,youcouldalwaysstartbyreadingthechapterinthebookonsociallinguistics.Thatwillgiveyouabasicunderstandingofthekeyissuesinvolvedhere.Yeah,that’swhatIthought.SoIstartedreadingthechapter,youknow,abouthoweveryonespeakssomedialectofalanguage.AndI’mwonderinglike,well,howdoweevenmanagetounderstandeachotheratall?Ah,yes,aninterestingquestion.YouSothenIreadthepartaboutdialect modation.Youknow,theideathatpeopletendtoadapttheirspeakingtomakeitclosertothespeechofwhomeverthey’retalkingto,andI’mthinking,yeah,IdothatwhenItalkwithmyroommates,andwithouteventhinkingaboutitoranything,youknow.OK,allright. modationisamoremanageablesortofSoIwasthinkinglike,Iwonderjusthowmuchotherpeopledothesamething.Imean,therearestudentsherefromalloverthece.Doeseveryonechangethewaytheytalktosomedegreedependingonwhomtheyaretalkingto?So,anyway,myquestionis,doyouthinkit’dbeOKifIdidaprojectlikethatformytermpaper?Youknow,findstudentsfromdifferentpartsofthecountry,recordthemtalkingtoeachotherindifferentcombinations,reportonhowthey modatetheirspeechornot,thatkindofthing?lyouwhat,Lisa,writemeupashortproposalforthisproject,howyou’regoingtocarryouttheexperimentandeverything,adesignn.AndIthinkthis’llworkoutjustfine.WhydoesstudentgotoseetheSheishavingtroublefindingtopicforthetermSheneedshishelptofindresourceShewantstoaskhimforanextensiononaShewantshimtoapprovehernsforatermWhyisthestudentinterestedinlearningmoreabout SheoftenhastroubleunderstandingwhatotherstudentsareSheistryingtochangethewaysheSheisawarethatherowndialectdiffersfromthoseofherShespentherchildhoodvariousceswheredifferentdialectsareBasedontheconversation,whatcanbeconductedabout ItisalargelysubconsciousItisaprocessthatappliesonlytosomeItisverycommonItisatopicthathasnotbeenexploredWhatdoestheprofessorwantthestudenttodoreadsomearticleshe presentherproposalbeforetheentiresubmitadesignnforthelistentorecordingsofdifferent TPOTPO ListentoaconversationbetweenastudentandacounselorattheUniversityCounselingHi,thanksforseeingmeonsuchashortNoproblem.HowcanIWell,IthinkImighthavemadeamistakecomingtotheWhatmakesyousayI'malittleoverwhelmedbythesizeofthisce.2Icomefromasmalltown.（Therewereonly75ofusinmyhighschoolgraduatingclass.Everyonekneweveryone.WeallgrewupSoit'sabitofacultureshockforyou?Beingoneof15,000studentsonabigcampusinanunfamiliarcity?That'sanunderstatement.Ijustcan'tgetcomfortableinclassorinthedorms.Youknow,Um…well,let'sstartwiththe lmeaboutyouI'mtakingmostlyintroductorycoursesandsomearetaughtinthesehugelecturehalls.AndyouarehavingtroubleinkeepacewiththeNo,infactIgotanAonmyfirsteconomicspaper.It'sjustthat,it'ssoim al,I'mnotusedtoit.Areyourclasses No,it'sjustthat…（forexample,insociologyyesterday,theprofessoraskedaquestion,soIraisedmyhand,severalofusraisedourhands.AndIkeptmyhandupbecauseIdidthereadingandknewtheanswer.ButtheprofessorjustansweredhisownquestionandwiththeWell,inabigroomit'spossiblehedidn'tnoticeyou.Maybehewasstartingtosavetime.IneithercaseIwouldn'ttakeit Isuppose.ButIjustdon'tknowhowto,youknow,distinguishWhynotstopbyhisofficeduringofficeThatwouldn'tseemright.Youknow,takingtimefromotherstudentswhoneedDon'tsaythat.That'swhatofficehoursarefor.Thereisnoreasonyoucouldn'tpopintosayhiandtomakeyourselfknown.Ifyouarelearningalotinclass,lettheprofessorknow.Wouldn'tyouappreciatepositivefeedbackifyouwereaprofessor?Youareright.That'sagoodOK,er…let'sturntoyoursociallife.How'sitgoingintheIdon'thavemuchincommonwithmyroommateoranyoneelseI'vemetsofar.Everyone'sintosportsandI'mmoreartsy,youknow,intomusic.Iythecello.Hah,haveyoubeenyingSinceageten.It'sabigpartofmylife.AthomeIwastheyoungestmemberofourcommunityorchestra.Youarenotgoingtobelievethis.Thereisastringquartetoncampus,allstudents.Anditsohappenedthatthecellistgraduatedlastyear.They'vebeensearchinghighandlowforarecement,someonewithexperience.Wouldyoubeinterestedinauditioning?Absoluy.Iwantedtogetmyacademicworksettledbeforepursuingmymusichere.ButIthinkthiswouldbeagoodthingforme.IguessifIreallywanttofitinhereIshouldfindpeoplewholovemusicasmuchasIdo.Thankyou.MyWhatdothespeakersmainlyWhythewomanhaslittleincommonwithherHowthewomancankeepupinheracademicThewoman'sadjustmenttolifeattheThewoman'sdecisiontotransfertoanotherWhydoesthewomanmentionherTodrawacontrasttohercurrentsituationToacknowledgethatsheisaccustomedtolivinginbigToindicatethatshehasknownsomepeopleoncampusforalongtimeToemphasizeherprevioussuccessinacademicWhatdoesthewomanimply thatoccurredinhersociologyShewasembarrassedbecauseshegaveanincorrectShewasupsetbecausetheprofessorseemedtoignoreShewasconfusedbytheorganizationoftheprofessor'slectureShewassurprisedbythecommentsoftheotherAccordingto