2022-2023学年北京市重点学校高二（下）期中英语试卷-普通用卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年北京市重点学校高二（下）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共28.0分）A

Nia'sfamilymovedoften,findingshelterinroomswithrelatives.Tensionsrosewitheverymoveandshoutingmatcheswereconstant.Wheneverythingcametoaboil,Niafounditbesttokeepsilent.Shebecamemoreandmorewithdrawnasshegotolder,losingconfidenceinherselfandhervoice.

Whenshewasayoungadult,Niahaddevelopedafearofspeaking.SowhenafriendtoldheraboutYouthCare'sTileProject,shewasterrified.ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.

Niasignedupforaceramic(陶瓷)class.Thepassionshegainedforlearninganewcraftwasclear—butwhenitcametogroupactivitiesintheclassroom,Niastruggled.Shetoldstaffthatshedidn'tlikebeingaroundpeopleshedidn'tknow.Sowhentheclasswasgiventheopportunitytoselltheirartworkatalocalfair,Niahesitated.WiththesupportfromYouthCareCareerCoordinator,Kate,shecautiouslyagreed.

Whenthebigdaycame,shopperspouredintothefair,approachingNiawithquestionsabouttheprogramandartpiecesforsale.Eachtime,NiaturnedtoKatetowhispertheanswersinherear,andKaterepeatedtheanswersoutloud.Atonepointduringthefair,shewasleftaloneforamoment.Whenacustomercameuptoaskaquestion,Niaansweredwithhesitation.Soonafter,anothervisitorcame.WhenKatereturnedtoherside,Niafoughtbackherfearsandansweredtheirquestionsonherown.

Nia'sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming."IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,"saidKate."Theartworkshesoldwasthebiggestsaleoftheday!"

Thatdayatthefairwaslife—changingforNia.Shediscoveredthatshetrulyenjoyedtalkingtoothers—especiallyaboutart!Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.1.WhatmadeNiafinallydecidetotrytheProject?A.Herfamilyatmosphere. B.Herfriend'spersuasion.

C.Herdesiretofindajob. D.Herpassionforceramics.2.Thefairislife-changingforNiabecauseshe______.A.discoveredhertrueloveinart

B.madethebiggestsaleinthefair

C.wontherecognitionofcustomers

D.gainedconfidencethroughinteraction3.WhatcanweknowaboutNia?A.Shewasforcedtothefair.

B.Shedidverywellthroughoutthefair.

C.Shefinishedtheprojectsuccessfully.

D.Shewasstrugglinginlearningceramic.B

Itisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.

Kitchn

Ifyou'rededicatedtolearningtheinsandoutsofcookingandwantafullprogram,KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethatincludes20lessonsover20daysforonly$30eachclass.

Eachday,anewtopiciscovered,startingwithknifeskillsandendingwithhowtoplan,cookandthrowadinnerparty.Mostimportantly,theinstructorsvaluethejoyincooking.ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.

Udemy

Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.

Manyvideoscomewithbonusmaterialthatincludessuggestionsonkitchentoolsandequipment.Udemyoffersgreatdealswithlargesalesonclasses,aswellasaselectionoffreecontent.Coursescomewithfull,lifetimeaccesswhenpurchasedanda30-day,money-backguarantee.Pricesgenerallyrangefrom$10to$30.

Rouxbe

Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,Rouxbeoffersawidearrayofindividuallessons,plustheirprofessionalcertificateprograms.

Membershipcostsaround$15permonthor$99peryear,butRouxbeoftenoffersdiscountsontheirannualmembership,aswellasa30-dayfreetrial.So,ifyou'vebeenstrugglingtocomeupwithrecipestocookathome,Rouxbeisafantasticresourcethatprovidessimple,qualityprofessionalguidance.

NYT

NYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.

Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou'relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy-free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.Membershipfeeisaround$5permonthor＄40annuallyforunlimitedaccess.And,nottoworry:Youcancancelatanytime.4.Whichoneismostlikelytoattractvegetarians?A.Kitchn. B.Udemy. C.Rouxbe. D.NYT.5.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Kitchnisrecognizedforitsprofessionalandinformativestyle.

B.Udemyoffersrichcookingcoursesbyworldwideinstructors.

C.Rouxbeishighlythoughtofbyindustryprofessionals.

D.NYTtargetspeoplewithspecificdietarypreferences.6.Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A.Theyofferonlinecourses. B.Theyprovideextramaterials.

C.Theyallowspecialdiscounts. D.Theyengagefamousinstructors.7.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethecookingmethods. B.Topromotehomecookingskills.

C.Torecommendcookingschools. D.TointroducecookingcoursesC1Therearenoreportedsightingsofteenageelephantshesitantlysittingdownatthefamilydinnertablewithearphonesinplace，occasionallygivingone-wordanswerstoparents'questions.

Buttheydoexhibitotherbehaviorsmanyparentsofhumanteenswouldrecognize，saidMoss，aresearcherwhohasstudiedelephantsinKenya'sNationalParkfornearlyfivedecades.

"They'renaïve（天真的）.Theyhavealottolearnandtheymakemistakes，"Mosssaid.

Thisisparticularlytrueformales.Sheexplained：Theyruincrops.Theygetshot.Theydie."It'sjustlikeyounghumanmaleswhodrivetoofast，"Mosssaid，"andtheinsurancecompaniesknowverywelltomakethempayhigherinsurancerates."

BarbaraNatterson，aHarvardbiologistpointedoutthatadolescentanimalsfrequentlyputthemselvesindangerintentionally.Thisbehaviorisseenthroughouttheanimalworld.Theadultsofanyspeciesmayconsidersomeactionsoftheiryounglow-judgmentandhigh-risk；however，theseactionsactuallyserveapurpose.

Anexampleisapracticecalled"predator（捕食者）inspection"whichmeansadolescentanimalsapproachpredatorsratherthanrunaway.Thetrade-offforthedangeristhattheycanwatch，smellandlearnaboutthepredator.Theygatherallkindsofinformationthatcankeepthemsaferasadults.

Theideathatadolescentsarehard-wiredtotaketheseriskscanhelppeopleunderstandhumanteens'behavior.

"Teensseemdriventotrynewthingsandtestboundariesintheirownversionof'predatorinspection'，"Nattersonsaid."Theytrytohaveasmanyexperiencesastheycanbeforetheyleavethenest."

Anotherkeyaspectofadolescenceisanincreaseintimespentwanderingingroups.Adolescenceismarkedbyhighlevelsofpeerpressureaswellasnear-disaster.Scientistshavefoundthatadolescentsofallkindsaremorelikelytomakedangerousmoveswhilewithpeers.

LaurenceSteinberg，apsychologyprofessoratTempleUniversity，foundmiceandhumangroupadolescentbehaviorhassomethingincommon.Hesetuptwoexperiments.Oneinvolvedmice，halfofwhichwereadolescents，drinkingethanol-spiked（添加乙醇的）water.Theotherinvolvedhumanteensplayingavideogamereproducingdrivingconditions.

"Wefoundthatinthepresenceofpeers，adolescentmicedrankmorethantheydowhenthey'realone，"Steinbergsaid，"andthattheteenagersinthedrivingstudyalsotookmoreriskswhenotherswerearound."

2ThesefindingsfitwithwhatSteinbergsaysisanothermulti-speciesadolescentquality：thedesiretosocialize.

"Forthemostpart，adolescents，humanandanimalalike，prefertobewithotheradolescents，"Steinbergsaid."IfIsayteenagersaresocialanimals，Ithinktheword'animal'isjustasimportantinthatsentenceastheword'social'."

BothNattersonandSteinberghopetheirfindingswillhelppeoplewhoareraisingadolescents.8.AccordingtoNatterson，whatisariskybutvaluableactionforadolescentanimals？______A.Gatheringinformationwiththehelpofparents.

B.Challengingpredatorswithotheradolescents.

C.Observinganadulthuntingalargeanimal.

D.Watchingenemies'behaviorupclose.9.Steinberg'sexperimentsfound______.A.peerpressureismorecommoninadolescentanimalsthaninhumanteens

B.bothadolescentanimalsandhumanteensareaffectedbypeerpressure

C.adolescentanimalsarelesslikelytogetdrunkwhilewithpeers

D.teenagersarenotwillingtobesociableinthepresenceofpeers10.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean？______A.Adolescentanimalslongtosocializewithteenagers.

B."Social"isawordthatcanbeinterpretedindifferentways.

C.Socializingwithpeersisonequalitythatadolescentsshare.

D.Theimportanceofsocializinghasbeenrealizedbyteenagers.DMillionswatchtheOscarseveryyear,butI'malwaysinterestedintheRazzies（金酸梅奖），whichrecognizecinematicunderachievement.Foralltheattentiongiventowhatwelike,whatwedislikecanbejustasimportant,interestingandempowering.

FrenchsociologistPierreBourdieusawdislikeassnobbery.Hesawalljudgmentsoftaste,favorableornot,asperformancesofclass.Therichcouldjustifytheirplace,heargued,byclaimingtohavemorerefinedtastes.Knowingwhichliteratureorarttopraisecouldsignaltootherstheirrightfulplaceatthetopofsociety.Oversimplifiedhistheorymightbe,itisnotentirelywrong.

Furthermore,dislikesareoftenusedasawaynottostandapartbuttofitin.Itmeanslearningtheunspokenrulesofwhat'sOKtolikeordislike,andtoproclaimthoselikesordislikesloudlyforotherstohear.Whensomeofusswimagainstthesocialtide,wemightbesavvy（精明的）enoughtolabelourlikesas"guiltypleasures"，whichbothacknowledgestherulesandapologizesforviolatingthem.

Inmyresearch,though,Ifoundthatdislikeisn'tjustaformofsnobbery.

Weinterviewedover200people,adiversegroupinrace,age,andsocialclass.Alltheintervieweestendedtoactivelydislikemediacontentfarmorewhentheyfelttheycouldn'tescapeit.Manypeoplecan'tchoosetheradiostationthat'splayingatwork,orwhat'sonTVatthebar.Moreover,someofusaresubjectedtomoreannoyancethanothers.Remotecontrols,forinstance,havelongbeenseenasaspecialrightofdads,withwomenandkidsgivenlesspowertochangethechannel.Everyoneturnstomediahopingforspecificneedstobemet,butthosewhohavethoseneedsrealizedlessoftenarethosewhomightdislikemoreoften.

Therefore,speakingaboutdislikesisanactofresistance-arefusaltoallowpublicspacetobeconqueredbythemediacontentthatdoesn'tconnect.

Dislikecancertainlytransformintoangerorhate,butitmayalsotakeamoreplayfulform.Sometimeswecouldseepeoplejoyfullywatchtheobjectoftheirdislikeandofferacommentaryofcriticism,insteadoftuningoutandturningoff.Why？dislikecanhelpregaincontrolinaworldthatoverwhelmseveryonewithcontent.Keepingthedespisedshowsathandratherthanavoidingthemcanhelpthedislikersspeakupinthecourtofpublicopinion.Orsomemightenjoytheirdislikesasawaytoavoidruiningcertainrelationships.Manyofuscanprobablyrelatetotheexperienceofhavingafriendwhoinsistswewatchsomethingagainstourwill.

Whatif,ratherthanresentingtheshowortheperson,wesimplyembraceitinallofitsembarrassingglory？Byallmeans,payattentiontotheadviceto"ignorethehaters".Butalotcanbelearnedbylisteningtothedislikers.11.AccordingtoParagraph3，peoplelabeltheirlikesas"guiltypleasures"whenthey______.A.followthemainstream B.takeprideintheirtaste

C.setuptheunspokenrules D.trytofitintoacertaingroup12.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？______A.Dislikescanhefoundmostlyamongtherich.

B.Learningaboutliteratureandartisanactofsnobbery.

C.Expressingdislikehelpsmaintainone'ssocialrelationships.

D.Exposuretounwantedmediacontentintensifiespeople'sdislike.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"Revelingin"inthetextprobablymean？______A.Takingdelightin B.Showingconcernfor.

C.Drawinglessonsfrom. D.Establishingconnectionto.14.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyinthispassage？______A.Weareencouragedtolaunchdebatesoverhotissuesinpublic.

B.Stayingawayfromthehatersisasensiblemeanstoavoidtrouble.

C.Embracingourdislikescanbeawaytodealwithpowerimbalance.

D.Themediashouldaimtomeettheneedsofdifferentgroupsofaudience.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

Sometimesinourlifewefacethisproblem:lovedonesaswellasstrangersannoyingus.Athome,we'vehadtoputupwithchildrenscreamingduringonlinemeetings,andfamilymembersonthecomputerallthetime.

(1)

Kindnessseemslikeadistantmemory.Theabilitytolivepeacefullywithannoyinghousematesorneighborsseemsmoredifficultthanever.

(2)

Ifwetakekindnessasaskill,makingitadailypractice,itwillcomeeasierovertime.

(3)

LovingKindnessMeditation(默想)(LKM),whichdatesbacktothetimeofitsrootstoearlyBuddhism,helpsusfindsympathyforoneanotherevenduringtryingtimes.Themeditationasksustosendthoughtsoflovingkindnesstolovedones,thentoacquaintances(peopleyoudon'tknowverywell)andfinallytochallengingpeople.Overtime,ourunkindthoughtsarereplacedwithmoreopen,acceptingones.Angerisreplacedbylove,oratleastkindness.

DonaldAltman,apsychotherapistfromPortland,Oregon,saysLKMhelpsusrecognizeweareallweakandhavebeenhurt.

(4)

Sohow?Tobeginwith,Altmansuggestsfindingaquietplacetosit.Hesaystothenimagineafavoritefamilymemberorfriendsendingyouthewords,"Mayyoubewell,happyandatpeace."Afterafewminutes,directthewordsatyourself,"MayIbewell,happyandatpeace."

(5)

Replacethe"I"withthenameofateacherorcoach,thenafamilymemberorfriend,thenanacquaintance,andfinallyanunfriendlypersoninyourlife.Endthemeditationbyspreadingtheblessingtoalllivingbeings.

Indeed,weshouldfindourownwaytowardLKM—butonlyifwearepreparedtoaccessitsbenefitsandextendthemtoanyonewhomayneedthem.

A.Thegoodnewsisthatitisn'tlost.

B.Luckily,wecanlooktoancientdisciplinesforguidance.

C.Atwork,we'vehadtofacetheaddedpressurethesedemandingjobscreate.

D.Then,extendtheblessingtootherpeople,inorderofdecreasingfondness.

E.Forthatreason,wecouldallbenefitfromlove'swarmandcomfortingblessing.

F.Youcancombinethewordswithbreathing,repeatingaphraseofloveforyourself.

G.Outside,we'veencountereddriversspeedingonbusyroadsandpassengerstalkingloudlyonthesubway.15.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）Oneevening，PaulO'SullivanfeltboredinhisBaltimoreapartment.SohegotontoFacebooktofindoutjusthowmanyothersonthesocialnetwork（1）______hisname.Momentslater，dozensofPaulO'Sullivansfromaroundtheworldfilledhis（2）______.Thethen-27-year-oldemployeesentfriendrequeststothemall.

ManyofhisfellowPaulO'Sullivansignoredhim，butafewfelttoo（3）______topassuphisinvitation.PaulO'SullivanfromRotterdamintheNetherlandssays，"Myfirstreactionwas'Whoisthisguyandwhatdoeshewantfromme？'SoIthoughtaboutitforawhile."Ultimately ，hecouldn'tresisttheunusualfriendrequest.AsBaltimorePaulscrolledthroughtheprofilesofthePaulO'Sullivanswhoacceptedhisinvitation，henoticedsomethingfourofthemhaveincommon：Theywereall（4）______.Wouldn'titbefunnyiftheyformedabandcalledThePaulO'Sullivans？TheotherPaulsall（5）______andtheycreatedasortofmusicalassemblyline.InMarch，theyputontheirfirstsongaboutlong-distancerelationships.WhenCovid-19slowlyshutdowntheworld，writingasongwithsomeoneacrosstheoceanmadethemfeelless（6）______.

Butjustmonthslater，BaltimorePaulbeganexperiencinghealthissuesthat（7）______himtotaketimeofffrommakingmusic.TomakesureBaltimorePaulneverfeltalone，（8）______withthemilesbetweenthem，theotherPaulssharedfamilypictures，chattedliveonInstagram，andcheckedinonBaltimorePaulandononeanother.

"Whataretheodds（机率），"saysBaltimorePaul，thatarandomFacebook（9）______wouldleadnotonlytonewmusicbutto（10）______aswell？"Somethingsarejustmeanttobe."20.

A.shared B.called C.mentioned D.liked21.

A.mind B.screen C.apartment D.time22.

A.cheerful B.bored C.curious D.disappointed23.

A.musicians B.writers C.employees D.workers24.

A.applied B.clapped C.gathered D.agreed25.

A.confused B.addicted C.injured D.trapped26.

A.reminded B.forced C.taught D.allowed27.

A.still B.only C.even D.just28.

A.request B.page C.account D.user29.

A.business B.success C.friendship D.fame四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）30.AEdwardO.Wilson，the"modern-dayCharlesDarwin"，damagedhisrighteyewhenhe（1）______（catch）afishintherivernearhishomeatseven.Thepooreyesightonlyallowedhimtoobservesmall（2）______（creature），likeants.Interestedintheselflessnessofants，whichwouldsacrifice（3）______（them）fortheircolony（群体），Wilsondevelopedatheory，confirmingtheexistenceofaltruistic（利他的）behaviorinawiderangeofspecies.Itmadehiminfluentialasbothacloseobserverandapioneeringtheorist.

BAthletesarenotonlycompetitors，butgoodfriends—that'samainattractionoftheOlympics.That's（4）______athletessendbestwishestotheircompetitors，eveniftheyhavethemselveslost.Ascompetitorstheycompeteforgold，butasfriendstheyworktogethertochallengelimits.ThehugsreceivedfromothercompetitorsarealwaysremarkedintheGamesbecausethetrueOlympicspiritis（5）______victoryandnationalboundaries.Winningamedalisdefinitelyimportant，butoneneedsagoldenhearttocopewithallthedifficultiesonthefieldandstillcongratulatetheircompetitors.That'swhatmakestheOlympics（6）______（attract）.

CThesuccessfulcloningofprimateshasledtoworldwidepraiseasahugebreakthrough（7）______mightleadtocuresforvariousdiseases.Alsoitmayoffercluesonhowtopreventtheagingofprocess.However，cloning（8）______（continue）tobeanissuecausingagreatdealofdisagreement.Somepeopleraisemoralconcerns.Theybelieveitisbound（9）______（lead）tocloningofotherspeciesandtheyworryabouttheethicalquestionsthisraises.Furthermore，（10）______（view）asmerecopiesoforiginals，clonesmaybeseenasinferior.Finally，theyworrythatsomeorganizationsmayabusethetechnologyforunethicalpurposes.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、阅读表达（本大题共1小题，共12.0分）31.Tom，a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur（创业者），witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome：fruitinfused（浸泡）water.

Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions，hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle."Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy，naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks，"Tomexplains.

Thebottleismadewithastrainer（滤网）thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater，withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.

TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores，butthis-15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks；andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration（OHG）.

Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes，butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe'dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth，hesays，"Prepareandhaveyourfamily'ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows，andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess."(1)WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool？______(2)WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle？______(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement，thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.______(4)AmongTom'squalities，whichone（s）doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus？Why？（Inabout40words）______六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20.0分）32.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。近期，你校英国外教Mr.Jenson做了关于阅读方法的在线讲座，但还有一些困惑。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

（1）表达感谢；

（2）说明你阅读中的困惑并寻求帮助。

注意：（1）词数100左右；

（2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearMr.Jenson，

Yourssincerely，LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、D、C【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了尼娅原来很害羞，后来通过一个项目和别人交流获得了信心，最终完成了项目。

1.

根据第二段中的Whenshewasayoungadult,Niahaddevelopedafearofspeaking.SowhenafriendtoldheraboutYouthCare'sTileProject,shewasterrified.ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.（当妮娅年轻的时候，她开始害怕说话。所以当一个朋友告诉她YouthCare的瓷砖项目时，她吓坏了。但妮娅想找份工作养活自己。）可知，让尼娅最终决定尝试这个项目的是她想找一份工作。故选C。

2.

根据最后一段内容（那天在集市上，尼娅的生活发生了变化。她发现自己真的很喜欢和别人交谈，尤其是关于艺术的！在员工的持续支持下，Nia建立了沟通技巧和信心，顺利完成了瓷砖项目。）可知，展会改变了尼娅的生活，因为她通过互动获得信心。故选D。

3.

根据最后一段内容（那天在集市上，尼娅的生活发生了变化。她发现自己真的很喜欢和别人交谈，尤其是关于艺术的！在员工的持续支持下，Nia建立了沟通技巧和信心，顺利完成了瓷砖项目。）可知，关于Nia我们能知道她成功地完成了项目。故选C。

4~7.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文主要列举了几个在线的厨师课程，目的是促进家庭烹饪技能。

1.

根据NYT部分中的Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou'relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy-free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.（对于那些有特定饮食偏好的人，你可以通过选择无乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纤维等类别轻松找到你想要的食物。）可知，NYT最有可能吸引素食者。故选D。

2.

根据Rouxbe部分中的Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,Rouxbeoffersawidearrayofindividuallessons,plustheirprofessionalcertificateprograms.（Rouxbe被公认为行业专业人士中领先的在线烹饪学校，提供广泛的个人课程以及专业证书课程。）可知，Rouxbe受到行业专业人士的高度评价。故选C。

3.

根据每一部分的KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecourse（Kitchn烹饪学校提供一个在线课程）；Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry(Udemy拥有超过183000门在线课程）；Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals（Rouxbe被公认为行业专业人士中领先的在线烹饪学校）；NYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.（NYT以其美食板块而闻名，并为所有技能水平提供大量在线烹饪教学视频）可知，这四所学校的共同点是他们提供在线课程。故选A。

4.

阅读全文以及根据第一段中的Itisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.（我们的使命是帮助忙碌但有疑惑的家庭厨师做出最佳购买决定。现在汇编我们下面的信息列表。）可知，本文主要列举了几个在线的厨师课程，所以目的是促进家庭烹饪技能。故选B。

8~10.【答案】D、B、C【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第五段Barbara

Natterson，a

Harvard

biologist

pointed

out

that

adolescent

animals

frequently

put

themselves

in

danger

intentionally.This

behavior

is

seen

throughout

the

animal

world.The

adults

of

any

species

may

consider

some

actions

of

their

young

low-judgment

and

high-risk；however，these

actions

actually

serve

a

purpose.（哈佛大学生物学家Barbara

Natterson指出，青春期的动物经常故意把自己置于危险之中。这种行为在动物界随处可见。任何物种的成虫都可能会考虑后代的一些低判断力和高风险的行为；然而，这些行为实际上是有目的的。）以及第六段An

example

is

a

practice

called

"predator

（捕食者）

inspection"

which

means

adolescent

animals

approach

predators

rather

than

run

away.The

trade-off

for

the

danger

is

that

they

can

watch，smell

and

learn

about

the

predator.They

gather

all

kinds

of

information

that

can

keep

them

safer

as

adults.（一个例子是一种叫做"捕食者检查"的做法，这意味着青春期的动物接近捕食者而不是逃跑。危险的代价是它们可以观察、嗅闻并了解捕食者。它们收集各种各样的信息，这些信息可以让它们成年后更安全。）可知，对于青春期的动物来说，近距离观察捕食者的行为，是有风险但是有价值的行为，因为它们可以通过近距离观察捕食者来收集各种信息，从而让它们的成年更安全。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第十段Laurence

Steinberg，a

psychology

professor

at

Temple

University，found

mice

and

human

group

adolescent

behavior

has

something

in

common.He

set

up

two

experiments.One

involved

mice，half

of

which

were

adolescents，drinking

ethanol-spiked

（添加乙醇的）

water.The

other

involved

human

teens

playing

a

video

game

reproducing

driving

conditions.（天普大学的心理学教授Laurence

Steinberg发现，老鼠和人类群体的青少年行为有一些共同之处。他做了两个实验。其中一项实验涉及老鼠，其中一半是青少年，他们喝了添加了乙醇的水。另一项是让青少年玩一个模拟驾驶条件的视频游戏。）以及第十一段"We

found

that

in

the

presence

of

peers，adolescent

mice

drank

more

than

they

do

when

they're

alone，"

Steinberg

said，

"and

that

the

teenagers

in

the

driving

study

also

took

more

risks

when

others

were

around."（Steinberg："我们发现，有同伴在场时，青春期的老鼠比独处时喝得更多，而且在驾驶研究中的青少年在其他人在场时也更冒险。）可知，不管是动物还是人类，当处于青春期的时候，都会受到同伴压力的影响。当有同伴在场时，他们的行为都会更加冒险。故选B。

（3）词句猜测题。根据划线句子下一段"For

the

most

part，adolescents，human

and

animal

alike，prefer

to

be

with

other

adolescents，"

Steinberg

said.

"If

I

say

teenagers

are

social

animals，I

think

the

word

'animal'

is

just

as

important

in

that

sentence

as

the

word

'social'."（"大多数情况下，青少年，无论是人类还是动物，都喜欢和其他青少年在一起。"

斯坦伯格说："如果我说青少年是社会动物，我认为'动物'这个词在这句话中的重要性不亚于'社会'这个词。"）可知，不管是人类还是动物，与同龄人交往是共有的一种品质。A．Adolescent

animals

long

to

socialize

with

teenagers.青春期的动物渴望与青少年交往；B．"Social"

is

a

word

that

can

be

interpreted

in

different

ways."社交"这个词可以有不同的解释；C．Socializing

with

peers

is

one

quality

that

adolescents

share.与同龄人交往是青少年共有的品质之一；D．The

importance

of

socializing

has

been

realized

by

teenagers.青少年已经意识到社交的重要性。故选C。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现结果，该研究表明，不管是青春期时的人类还是动物，都喜欢和同伴待在一起，也更加愿意冒险。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

我们在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配。

11~14.【答案】D、D、A、C【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据文章第三段Furthermore,dislikesareoftenusedasaw