英语专业八级写作提要

英语专业八级写作提要第一页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三ComponentsinaComposition…WordsSentenceParagraphComposition第二页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三“Words”inTEM-8Writing一、善用高级词汇。(汉语是意合语，英语是形合语。写作源于生活，高于生活。所以，在专八写作中，看到一个单词，一定要能看到一个世界，选择最美妙的词，以体现我们的水平与层次…)。如：“认为”:think,assume,suppose,believe,imagine,reckon,feel,consider,sense,reflect,deem…“好”:good,fine,excellent,superior,outstanding,tremendous,marvelous,…“美好的前程”:beautifulfuture→promisingfuture,…“重要”:important,significant,vital,crucial,imperative,essential,…“必要”:necessary,basic,indispensable,compulsory,fundamental,crucial,…“很多”:many,alotof,numerous,abundant,agoodnumberof,hordesof,…“越来越多”:moreandmore,agrowingnumberof,anincreasingnumberof,…“深思”:thinking,thought-provoking“处理”:dealwith,copewith,handle,tackle,…“喜欢”:like,befondof,bedevotedto,bekeenon,bepartialto,beattachedto,adore,…第三页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三E.g.：OnGlobalWarming(Title)

Withtherapiddevelopmentofworldeconomy,manyscientistsintheworldarerealizingtheweatherisheatingupandtryingtofindwaystosolvetheproblem...→

（专四水平）

Withtheswift

expansionofglobeeconomy,aconsiderableproportionofscientistsintheworldarerealizing

theweatherisheatingupandtryingtoexploreapproachestosolvetheglobalwarming…（专八水平）

(其实我们熟悉的“许多、大量”有很多的表达法:thetremendousamountofpractice,agreatdealofwisdom,amultitudeofthings,thevaststoreofknowledge,theoverwhelmingmajorityofthepublic,alargenumberofpeople,thebulkofthelanguageacquisition,anincreasingnumberof,agrowingnumberof…)第四页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三二、善用热点词汇。如：考研热

thecrazeforgraduateschoolstudy大学生创业

theuniversitystudents’innovativeundertakings扩招

expandenrollment豆腐渣工程

jerry-builtprojects解决劳动就业问题tackletheproblemoflaborforceutilization造成失业问题

bringabouttheunemploymentproblem给出优惠政策

givepreferentialtreatment享受失业救济金

enjoyunemploymentpension需要安全感和生活保障

needasenseofsecurityandguaranteeoflife扩大内需

expandthedomesticdemand婚奴

weddingslave卧槽族

job-huggingclan

赖校族

campusdwellers闪孕

quickpregnancy

海投resumeflooding公正、公平、公开

just,fairandopen

安居工程

housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents

自我保护意识

self-protectionawareness装嫩actyoung傍大款

(ofagirl)findasugardaddy;beamistressforarichman;leanonamoneybags

包二奶

haveaconcubine(originallyaCantoneseexpression)第五页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三三、善用专业词汇。如：swineflu甲流

A(H1N1)flu甲流birdflu禽流感

swineflusymptoms甲流症状swinefluoutbreak甲流爆发

H1N1virus甲流病毒

H1N1vaccine甲流疫苗

isolationward隔离病房

behospitalized住院治疗

surgical/gauzemask口罩

symptomaticinfection有症状感染

breathingsystem呼吸系统

takepreventivemeasures采取预防措施

transmissionofthevirusfrompigstohumans

病毒传播从猪到人

setuppublicawarenessofswinefluprevention

树立预防甲流的公众意识

confirmedcasesofswineflu甲流确诊病例

suspectedcasesofswineflu甲流疑似病例

第六页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三海啸tsunami自然灾害naturaldisaster

气象学meteorology大气

atmosphere气候

climate温度

temperature预报forecast热带的

tropical冰雹hail雷

thunder倾盆大雨

downpour阵雨

shower暴风雨storm股票

stock股价valuation股市

equitymarket股东shareholder养老基金

pensionfund国际班机InternationalFlight班机号码

FlightNumber

来回机票

Round-TripTicket外汇Foreignexchange

垃圾邮件

spam屏幕保护

screensaver

桌面

desktop黑客

hacker……第七页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三四、善用特色词汇（平时注意积累一些特色词汇，以便考试之时派上用场，增加文章的亮点）。如：筒子楼

tube-shapedapartment退耕还林还草

grainforgreen退耕还林还牧

convertthelandforforestryandpasture小康之家

well-offfamily;comfortably-offfamily效益工资

achievements-relatedwages;wagesbasedonbenefits形象小姐/先生

imagerepresentativeofaproductorabrand选美

beautycontest学而优则仕

(aConfuciansloganforeducation)agoodscholarcanbecomeanofficial;hewhoexcelsinstudycanfollowanofficialcareer自主经营,自负盈亏

makeone’sownmanagementdecisionsandtakefullresponsibilityforone’sownprofitsandlosses走后门getinbythebackdoor

走上良性发展的轨道

goingonthetrackofsoundprogress……第八页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三五、作文首段活用词汇：

depict/descriptiondescriberevealconveyimplyphenomenonconcernhandlethought-provokingfactobviouslywho/thatproblem……第九页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三E.g.:Asisvividlydepictedinthepicturegivenabove,…Thechartgivesusavividdescriptionofsomebodywho…Thediagramvividlydepictstheuniversitystudents’innovativeundertakingsintheWestDevelopmentinChina…Whatisrevealedinthefigureisreallythought-provoking.Thephenomenonshouldarousewideconcern…Theoccurrence

deservesourwideconcern…Thedepictionaimsatrevealingafactthatmeasuresmustbetakentohandlethisproblem…Theissue

mirroredbythegraphistrulythought-provoking.第十页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三六、作文主体段落活用词汇：1)achieve:…toachievetheobjectiveofglobalsustainabledevelopment…2)attain:Itgoeswithoutsayingthatconfidenceplaysavitalroleinattainingthegoals.3)acquire:…acquirethebasissurvivalskillssoasto…4)attention:Theproblemofglobalwarminghasdrawnworldwideattention…5)attitude:Differentpeopletakedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.6)bring:ThegrowingpopularityoftheInternethasbroughtaboutnumerouschangesinourdailylife.7)carry:ThereformandopeningpolicyhasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutinChinaduringthepastthreedecades,whichhasgreatlyacceleratedtheeconomicgrowthofChina.8)accordingto:Accordingtothelateststatistics,wecancometotheconclusionthatheartdiseaseiscloselylinkedtodrinking.第十一页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三9)adapt/adjust:Asfarasyounggenerationisconcerned,weneedtolearnhowtoadaptourselvestothemodernsociety.10)example:Let’staketheexampleof…toillustrate…of…11)attach:Associetydevelops,moreandmorepeoplebegintoattachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.12)combine:Thosewhocancombinethesetwothingsharmoniouslyhavebetterchanceofsuccessinthefuture.13)compare:Comparedwiththechildreninthebigcities,thosecomingfromtheruralareaswillbemorelikelytoendurehardshipsinthefuturelife.14)increase:ThenumberofthestudentsapplyingforMasters’degreeisontherise.15)dramatic:Theemergenceofmodernmedicinehaledtoadramaticincreaseinworld’spopulation.16)reason:Thechiefreasonsforsomethingareasfollows:……第十二页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三七、作文总结段落活用词汇：1)consequently:Consequently,wecandrawaconclusionthat…2)view/opinion:Inmyview,…3)situation:Facedwithsuchagrimsituationof...,

4)measure:Thesubstantialmeasuresmustbetakento…5)awareness:toawarepeople’sawarenessof…6)cope:Tocopewiththiscomplicated

problems,…7)only:Onlyinthiswaycanwe………

第十三页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三八、写出以下单词的同义词(近义词、上义词或下义词)：网购吃皇粮公务员传销春运大开眼界待岗待业自谋生路世界上有10亿人营养不良严重急性呼吸道综合症

AA制大家一致认为2009年的金融海啸对大学生就业形势可谓“雪上加霜”哥本哈根气候会议要求全世界减少一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧合物、微粒等排放量,以确保环境得到保护……

提高公众意识“蜗居”大城市2008年夏天百年一遇的大洪水给中国人民带来了不可估量的损失培养责任感官二代/富二代/星二代….第十四页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三Keyforreferences:网购shoppingonline；E-shopping;ShoppingthroughInternet吃皇粮

receivesalaries,subsidies,orothersupportedfromthegovernment

公务员apublicservant;apublicofficial;apersonwithofficialfunction;acivilserviceworker;(Am.)anofficeholder传销pyramidselling;multi-levelmarketing；networkmarketingormatrixmarketing春运(passenger)transportduringtheSpringFestival;passengertransportaroundtheChineselunarnewyear

大开眼界openone'seyes;broadenone'shorizon;beaneye-opener

待岗

awaitjobassignment,post-waiting

待业

job-waiting;unemployed

自谋生路

beself-employed;makingalivingbyoneself;supportoneself营养不良

malnourished;skinny;half-starved;undernourished;underfed;starving…第十五页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome:SARSAA制：Dutchtreatment;goDutch/goingDutch;AAtreatAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome:AIDS(akindofseriousvenerealdisease)认为:think,agree,claim,maintain,argue,believe,hold,suggest,view…as,regard…as,consider…as,deem,opine,acknowledge,suppose,reckon,feel,imagine…“一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧合物、微粒”可以统称为poisonous

gases（一氧化碳：carbon

oxide/CO，二氧化

碳：carbon

dioxide/Co2，碳氢化合物:HC,氮氧合物:NOx,微粒:PM)Financialtsunami:金融海啸；Financialstorm:金融风暴FinancialCrisis:金融危机第十六页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三雪上加霜：onedisasterafteranother;addtothemisfortunesofamanwhoisalreadyunfortunate;calamitiescomeinsuccession.;disasterspileupononeanother;heapcalamitiesonsb.whoisalreadyoppressed;onedisasterafteranother;theworstcametotheworst;makemoreworse;…

2008年夏天百年一遇的大洪水给中国人民带来了不可估量的损失:

In2008,bigfloodsoccurredinboththesouthandnorthofChina.Theywerethemostseriousonesinthiscentury.Theycausedgreatloses.Fieldswereruined,houseswerewashedawayandmanypeoplebecamehomeless.…(请自行改写为一句话……)培养强烈责任感：Developastrongsenseofresponsibility；提高社会意识：Enhancesocialawareness

蜗居：atinylivingspace;pokyroom;dwellingnarrowness;toosmallroom;humbleabode第十七页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三九、英语专业八级写作摆脱垃圾词汇的经验(仅举例说明)

1、垃圾词汇:help

典型例句:I’llhelpyou.

替代语accommodateE.g.:I’llendeavortoaccommodateyou.

2、垃圾词汇:helpful

典型例句:Somethingishelpful(tosomebody).替代语conduciveE.g.:Somethingisconducivetosomebody.

第十八页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三3、垃圾词汇:show

典型例句:asitshowsinthepicture…

替代语betray4、垃圾词汇:think

典型例句:Ithink……替代语：deem

5、垃圾词汇:ugly

典型例句:×××

isugly…

替代语:hideous

6、垃圾词汇:bytheway

典型例句:bytheway,....

替代语incidentally,....

7、垃圾词汇:because

典型例句:×××because×××替代语:inthat/inasmuchas第十九页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三8、垃圾词汇:consider

典型例句:Wemustconsider×××

替代语:allowfor…E.g.:Wemustallowfor×××

9、垃圾词汇:much

典型例句:Therehasbeenamuchincreaseintheworldpopulation.

替代语:Therehasbeenadrasticincreaseinthe…10、垃圾词汇:about

典型例句:itisabout250timesofthat…

替代语:itisapproximately…

11、垃圾词汇:buy

替代语:purchase

(BacktoBeginning)第二十页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三“Sentences”inTEM-8Writing一、专业八级写作中对句子的要求在英语专业八级写作中，除了词汇的运用要求，句子处理也起着决定性作用。句子可长可短，同一件事，可以用不同的句式表达。如果句子清一色是简单句，文章必定很单调乏味。如果全篇充满了冗长的复杂句，读起来也很费力。最好的方法是以简单句为基础，配合适当的并列句和复杂句。简单句可长可短，通常要加些附属成分，如分词短语、介词短语、副词短语、不定式动词短语，以及节缩成分。总之，可根据情况，使句子多样化，使文章灵活多姿。例如下列五个句子的基本概念一样，但是句式不同，内容重点也有些差别：第二十一页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三1）Thegoatsgrazedpeacefullyinthefarmandwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(并列分句)2）Grazingpeacefully,thegoatsinthefarmwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(现在分语短语+简单句)3）Inthefarm,thegoatsgrazedpeacefullyandwereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(副词短语+并列分句)4）Thereweregoatsgrazingpeacefullyinthefarm,unawareoftheapproachinghunter.(简单句+形容语短语)5）Asthegoatsgrazedpeacefullyinthefarm,theywereunawareoftheapproachinghunter.(原因副词从句+主句)第二十二页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三二、增强英语语句表现力的有效方法（一）避免使用语意弱的“be”动词。

1、把句中的表语转换为不同的修饰语。例如：

Weak：Thetreesarebare.Thegrassisbrown.Thelandscapeseemsdrab.

Revision：Thebrowngrassandbaretreesformadrablandscape.（转换为前置定语）

Or：Thelandscape，bareandbrown，beggedforspringgreen.（转换为并列结构作后置定语）

2、将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。例如：

1）Weak：Theteammembersaregoodplayers.

Revision：Theteammembersplaywell.

2）Weak：Oneworker‘splanistheeliminationoftardiness.

Revision：Oneworker‘splaneliminatestardiness.第二十三页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三

3、在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中，把“be”动词后的名词代词变成改写句的主语。例如：

1）Weak：Thereisnoopportunityforpromotion.

Revision：Noopportunityforpromotionexists.

2）Weak：Herearethebooksyouordered.

Revision：Thebooksyouorderedhavearrived.（二）多用语意具体的动词，保持句意简洁明了。例如：

1、Poor：Mysupervisorwentpastmydesk.

Better：Mysupervisorsauntered（=walkedslowly）pastmydesk.

2、Poor：Sheisacarefulshopper.

Better：Shecomparespricesandquality.第二十四页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三

（三）尽量运用主动语态。例如：

1、Weak：Theorganizationhasbeensupportedbycharity.

Better：Charityhassupportedtheorganization.

2、Weak：Thebiscuitswerestackedonaplate.

Better：Motherstackedthebiscuitsonaplate.（四）防止使用语意冗长累赘的词语。例如：

1、Wordy：Mylittlesisterhasapreferenceforchocolatemilk.

Improved：Mylittlesisterpreferschocolatemilk.

2、Wordy：Weareinreceiptofyourletterandintendtofollowyourrecommendations.

Improved：Wehavereceivedyourletterandintendedtofollowyourrecommendation.第二十五页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三

3、Redundant：Wehadaseriouscrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.

Improved：Wehadacrisisatschoolyesterdaywhenourchemistrylaboratorycaughtfire.

4、Redundant：MysisterandIboughtthesame，identicaldressindifferentstores.

Improved：MysisterandIboughtthesamedressindifferentstores.（五）杜绝滥用陈旧词语或难懂的专业术语。例如：

1、Weak：Theywillnotagreetohisproposalsinanyshapeorform.

Improved：Theywillnotagreetoanyofhisproposals.

2、Weak：IneedherfinancialinputbeforeIcanguesstimateourexpendituresnextfall.

Improved：IneedherfinancialfiguresbeforeIcanestimateourexpendituresnextfall.第二十六页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三三、熟悉专业八级写作基本句型1.Whenaskedabout...,mostpeoplesay...Butmanyotherpeopleregard...as...Ipersonallythink...

当被问及对......有什么看法时，大多数人认为......但是，还有很多人认为......我个人认为......2.Whenitcomesto...,somepeoplethinkthat...Othersarguethattheoppositeistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthtobotharguments,but...

涉及......这一问题，有的人认为应该......另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是......3.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat...contributedto...ExpertsarguethatChinamustintroduce...ButIdoubtwhether...alonewillsolvetheproblem。人们普遍认为......专家认为中国必须推行......但我对仅仅......就能解决问题表示怀疑。第二十七页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三4.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplearejoining...Inreactiontothephenomenon,somesay...Butdotheyrealizethat...canalsoleadto...

越来越多的人......进入了......针对这一现象，一些人认为......但是，他们有没有意识到......也能导致......5.Agrowingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealizethat...isnotthesoleprerequisiteforhappiness。

越来越多的人开始意识到......并不是幸福的唯一条件。6.Therehasbeenundesirabletrendinrecentyearstowards...Arecentsurveyshowedthat...percentofrespondentsranked...astheirtoppriority,comparedto...percentonlyafewyearsago.Whydopeoplefailtorealizethat...?

近年来出现了对社会有害的......倾向。最近的一项调查表明，......的调查对象把......作为他们的首选，相比之下，就在几年前，只有......的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到......不一定带来幸福呢？第二十八页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三7.Irecentlyreadanewspaperarticleon...Thedeplorableproblemof...hasarousedpublicconcernnationwide。最近，我在报纸上读到一篇关于......的文章。......的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。8.Judgingfromthereamsofevidencepresented,wecansafelyconcludethat...根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：......9.Theampleevidencepresentedenablesustoreasonablyconcludethat...提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：......10.WiththefantasticspurbothinindustryanditseconomyinChina,thenumberof...isontherise随着中国工业经济的迅猛发展，......的数目不断上升。11.Itiscommonlybelievedthattherisein...istheinevitableresultofeconomicdevelopment。人们普遍认为，......的增长是经济发展的必然结果。第二十九页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三四、落段扩展中的常用词语

1、总结关系过渡词语

generallyspeaking,generally,asageneralrule,ingeneral,onalargerscale,totaketheideafurther,totaketheaboveopiniontoanextreme,inasense,inonesense,inaway,tosomeextent,inmyopinion,inmyview,asforme,asfarasIamconcerned,obviously,undoubtedly,intermsof,inconclusion,inshort,inbrief,insummary,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup,toconclude

2、比较对比关系过渡词语

similarly,likewise,like,too,equallyimportant,thesameas,incommon,inthesameway,onthecontrary,ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,otherwise,insharpcontrast,whereas,ratherthan,conversely,instead,in/bycontrast,but,however,yet,nevertheless…第三十页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三3、列举关系过渡词语

forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asacaseinpoint,suchas,namely,thatis,like,thus,first,second,third,finally,inthefirstplace,initially,firstofall,tobeginwith,tostartwith,whatismore,furthermore,eventually,besides,inaddition（tothat）,firstandforemost,lastbutnotleast,next,also,moreover,foronething,foranother

4、因果关系过渡词语

because（of）,as,since,for,owingto,dueto,thanksto,onaccountof,asaresultof,resultin（from）,consequently,forthereasonthat,asaconsequence,consequently,iffollowsthat,accordingly,therefore,hence第三十一页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三5、让步关系过渡词语

although,eventhough,afterall,inspiteof,despite,grantedthat

6、强调关系过渡词语

anyway,certainly,surely,obviously,tobesure,especially,particularly,aboveall,indeed,infact,evenworse,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall,nodoubt第三十二页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三五、练习（按要求改写或扩写下列句子）1)国内外有很多人来张家界旅游观光。(用英语写成20词以上的复杂句)→2)TVisalsoharmfultous.(改写成30词以上的段落句)→3)Bookshelpsusgreat.(扩写成30词以上的段落句)→4)Bicyclesarebetterthancars.(扩写成40词以上的段落句)→

第三十三页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三Whethertheweatherbeingfineornot,agreatnumberofpeoplefromhomeandabroadarealwayscrowdedintoZhangjiajie,theworldfamousscenicspot,tohaveasightseeing.(30words)However,everythingdividesintotwoparts(Everycoinhastwosides).Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous.Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.(33words)Booksarelikefriends.Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter，andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons.Therefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous.(33words)

Comparedwithcars，bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable.Firstly，theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum.Secondly，theydonotcausethepollutionproblem.Lastbutnotleast，theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise.(46words)第三十四页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三“Paragraph”inTEM-8Writing一、英语专业八级写作的段落布局（一）段落模式：“三段式”第1段：提出问题(60-100词)第2段：分析问题或解决问题（分三点进行阐述，250-300词）第3段：总结（40-50词）（二）段落内容：“总——分——总”式第1段：入题自然，引出文章主题（观点），为下文铺垫。第2段：提炼3个论据进行论证，先讲道理，然后摆事实。第3段：作出结论，与首段呼应。第三十五页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三二、文章开头段、中间段和结尾段写作经典句型（一）开头段

开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。

开头段的常用核心句型：

1．Thearguermayberightabout…,butheseemstoneglect（fail）tomention（takesintoaccount）thefactthat….

2．Asopposedto（Contraryto）widely（commonly/generally）held（accepted）belief（ideas/views）,Ibelieve（argue）that…

3．Althoughagreatnumberofpeoplebelievethat…,Idoubt（wonder）whethertheargumentbearsmuchanalysis（closeexamination）.

4．TheadvantagesofBoutweighanybenefitwegainedfrom（carrymoreweightthanthoseof/aremuchgreaterthan）A.第三十六页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三5．Althoughitiscommonly（widely/generally）held（felt/accepted/agreed）that…,itisunlikelytobetruethat….

6．Thereisanelementoftruthinthisargument（statement）,butitignoresadeeperandmorebasic（important/essential）fact（reason）that….

7．Itistruethat（True,/Tobesure,/Admittedly,）…,butthisisnottosay（itisunlikely/itdoesn’tfollow/itdoesn’tmean/itwon’tbethecase）that….

8．Themain（obvious/great）problem（flaw/drawback）with（in）thisargument（view/remark）isthatitisignorantof（blindto）thebasic（bare）factthat….第三十七页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三9．Inallthediscussionanddebateover…,oneimportant（basic）factisgenerallyoverlooked（neglected）.

10．Logical（Valid/Sound）asthisargumentandIwholeheartedlyagreewithit,itappearsinsignificant（absurd）when…istakenintoconsideration（account）.

11．Onthesurface（Atfirstthought）,it（this）mayseemasound（anattractive）suggestion（solution/idea）,butcarefulweighingonthemind（oncloseranalysis/onsecondthought）,wefindthat…12．Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof….Thosewhoobjectto…arguethat….Butpeoplewhofavor…,ontheotherhand,arguethat….

13．Currently（Inrecentyears/Inthepastfewyears/Formanyyearsnow）,thereis（hasbeen）a（n）general（widespread/growing/widelyheld）feelingtowards（concernover/attitudetowards/trendtowards/awarenessof/realizationof/illusionof/beliefin）…第三十八页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三(二)中间段

中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。

1、中间段的一般特征:

①篇幅比开头段和结尾段长。

②每段有相应的主题句。

③包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。

④不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。

中间段的常用核心句型：

1．Althoughthepopularbeliefisthat…,acurrent（new/recent）study（survey/poll/investigation）indicates（shows/demonstrates）that….2．Theincrease（change/failure/success）in…mainly（largely/partly）resultsfrom（arisesfrom/isbecauseof）….第三十九页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三3．Theincrease（change/failure/success）in…isdueto（owingto/attributableto）thefactthat….4．Therearemany（different/several/anumberof/avarietyof）causes（reasons）forthisdramatic（marked/significant）growth（change/decline/increase）in….First,….Second,….Finally,….

5．Therearenumerousreasonswhy…,andIshallhereexploreonlyafewofthemostimportantones.

6．Amultitudeoffactorscouldaccountfor（contributeto/leadto/resultin/influence）thechange（increase/decrease/success/failure/development）in….第四十页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三7．Withthedevelopment（improvement/rise/growth/generalrecognition/acknowledgement/realization）of…,vastchangesawaitthiscountry’ssociety.

8．A（one）recent（new/general/nationwide）study（survey/poll/investigation）conducted（taken）atauniversityby（officials/scientists/experts）indicates（reveals/suggests/shows/proves/demonstrates）that….

9．Accordingto（Ascanbeseenin/Asisshownin）thefigures（statistics/findings/data/graph/table）released（provided）bythegovernment（aninstitute）,itcanbelearned（seen/predicted）that….第四十一页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三(三)结尾段

结尾段的核心句型：

1．Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove（Takingintoaccountallthesefactors/Judgingfromallevidenceoffered）,wemaysafelydraw（reach/cometo/arriveat）theconclusionthat….

2．Alltheevidence（analysis）supports（justifies/confirms/warrants/pointsto）a（n）unshakable（unmistakable/sound/just）conclusionthat….

3．Itishightimethatweplace（lay/put）great（special/considerable）emphasisontheimprovement（development/increase/promotion）of….第四十二页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三4．Itishightimethatweputanendtothedeep-seated（unhealthy/undesirable/deplorable）situation（tendency/phenomenon）of….

5．Wemustlook（search/call/cry）foranimmediateaction（method/measure）,becausethepresent（current）situation（phenomenon/tendency/state/attitude）of…,ifpermitted（allowed）tocontinue（proceed）,willsurely（certainly）leadto（resultin）theend（destruction/heavycost）of….

6．Thereisnoeasy（immediate/effective）solution（approach/answer/remedy）totheproblemof…,but…mightbeuseful（helpful/beneficial）.第四十三页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三7．Noeasymethod（solution/recipe/remedy）canbeathand（found/guaranteed）tosolve（resolve/tackle）theproblemof…,butthecommon（general/public）recognitionof（realizationof/awarenessof/commitmentto）thenecessity（importance/significance）of…mightbethefirststeptowardschange（ontherightway/intherightdirection）.

8．Followingthesemethods（suggestions）maynotguaranteethesuccessin（solutionto）…,butthepay-offwillbeworththeeffort.

9．Unlessthereisacommonrealizationof（generalcommitmentto）…,itisverylikely（thechancesaregood）that….

10．Itisnecessary（essential/fundamental）thateffective（quick/proper）action（steps/measures/remedies）shouldbetakentoprevent（correct/check/end/fight）thesituation（tendency/phenomenon）.

第四十四页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三三、首段案例分析（首段是文章的重点，不可忽视）1、Word-directions:Ways:First,InterpretorParaphrasetheDirections;andthen,putforwardyourthesisstatement,usingtheclassicsentencepattern.(方法：首先改写“提示”，然后提出论点，套用文章开头经典句型。切忌全文抄写“提示”。)Numberofwords:60-100words.（字数要求：60-100词）第四十五页，共八十四页，编辑于2023年，星期三案例分析:ClassroomPracticePleasewriteabeginningatleast60wordsaccordingtotheDirections:Directions:

Peopledifferintheirattitudestowardsfailure.Facedwithit,someofthemcanstanduptoit,drawusefullessonsfromitandtryhardtofulf