2022-2023学年辽宁省沈阳市级重点高中联合体高二（下）期末英语试卷

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年辽宁省沈阳市级重点高中联合体高二（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

FAMOUSCHINESEPAINTINGS，ARTISTICTREASURESWiththousandsofyearsofcontinuoushistory，Chinaisoneofthemostuniquenations.Overmanycenturies，Chineseartistshavecreatedpaintingsthatarenowintheheartsofmorethanabillionpeople.

NymphoftheLuoRiver—GuKaizhi

ThelegendhasitthatCaoZhi，aprinceofthestateofCaoWei，fellinlovewiththegovernor'sdaughter.However，shemarriedhisbrother，CaoPi，andtheprincebecameupset.Later，hecomposedanemotionalpoemaboutthelovebetweenthegoddessandcommonpeople.Inthe4thcentury，GuKaizhi，aChineseartist，wasmovedbythestoryandillustratedthepoem.

CourtLadiesAdorningTheirHairwithFlowers——ZhouFang

DuringtheTangDynasty，Chinahadaprosperouseconomyandflourishingculture.Inthisperiod，thegenreof"beautifulwomenpainting"enjoyedpopularity.Comingfromanoblebackground，ZhouFang，aChineseartist，createdartworksinthisgenre.Inhispainting，theladiesstandasthoughtheywerefashionmodels，butoneofthemisentertainingherselfbyteasingacutedog.

AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival——ZhangZeduan

ZhangZeduandepictedthelandscapeinhisworkAlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival.However，insteadofconcentratingonthevastnessofnature，hecapturedthedailylifeofthepeopleofBianjing，present-dayKaifeng.HisworkshowsmuchaboutlifeintheNorthernSongDynasty.

AThousandLiofRiversandMountains—WangXimeng

Notonlydidofficialsandscholarsenjoylisteningtomusic，buttheyalsofoundpleasureindepictingnature.OnesuchpainterwasWangXimeng.Hewasaprodigy.WangXimengpaintedAThousandLiofRiversandMountainswhenhewasonlyseventeenyearsold.Hediedattheageoftwenty，butheleftoneofthelargestandmostbeautifulpaintingsinChinesehistory.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage？______A.ZhouFangpaintedfashionmodelsinhispainting.

B.NymphoftheLuoRiverisapoemwrittenbyCaoZhi.

C.WangXimengcreatedhismasterpiecetwoyearsbeforehedied.

D.ZhangZeduan'spaintingwassetintheNorthernSongDynastv.2.Whichisthebestchoiceifyouwanttoenjoyapaintingshowingthebeautyofnature？______A.NymphoftheLuoRiver——GuKaizhi

B.CourtLadiesAdorningTheirHairwithFlowers——ZhouFang

C.AThousandLiofRiversandMountains——WangXimeng

D.AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival——ZhangZeduan3.Whichpartofamagazinecanthispassagecomefrom？______A.Business. B.Culture. C.Travel. D.Lifestyle.BYes，studycomeshardtoyou，mydearEnrico，asyourmothersays.IdonotyetseeyousetoutforschoolwiththatdeterminedmindandthatsmilingfacewhichIshouldlike.Youarestillstubborn.Butlisten；reflectalittle!Whatamiserablethingyourdaywouldbeifyoudidnotgotoschool!Attheendofaweekyouwouldbegwithtearsthatyoumightreturnthere，foryouwouldbeeatenupwithboredomandshame；disgustedwithyoursportsandwithyourexistence.

Everybody，everybodystudiesnow，mychild.Thinkoftheworkmenwhogotoschoolintheeveningafterhavingworkedhardalltheday；thinkofthewomen，ofthegirls，ofthepeople，whogotoschoolonSunday，afterhavingworkedalltheweek；ofthesoldierswhoturntotheirbooksandcopy-bookswhentheyreturnexhaustedfromtheirdrill!Thinkofthedumbandoftheboyswhoareblind，butwhostudy，nevertheless.Thinkoftheinnumerableboyswho，atnearlythisprecisehour，aregoingtoschoolinallcountries.Beholdthemwithyourimagination，alone，incouples，ingroups，inlonglines，allwiththeirbooksundertheirarms，dressedinathousandways，speakingathousandtongues，fromthemostremoteschoolsinRussiaalmostlostintheicetothefurthermostschoolsofArabia，shadedbypalm-trees，millionsandmillions，allgoingtolearnthesamethings，inahundredvariedforms.Imaginethisvast，vastcrowdofboysofahundredraces，thisgreatmovementofwhichyouformapart，andthink，ifthismovementweretocease，humanitywouldfallbackintobarbarism（野蛮）；thismovementistheprogress，thehope，thegloryoftheworld.

Courage，then，littlesoldieroftheimmense（庞大的）army.Yourbooksareyourarms，yourclassisyoursquadron（中队），thefieldofbattleisthewholeearth，andthevictoryishumancivilization.Benotacowardlysoldier，myEnrico.4.WhatdoweknowaboutEnrico？______A.Hedislikessports. B.Heisgoodatself-reflection.

C.Hefeelsashamedofhimself. D.Heisunwillingtogotoschool.5.Whydoesthefathermentionsomanypeopleinparagraph2？______A.Topresentafact. B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Tosupportanargument.6.What'sthefundamentaltuneofthetext？______A.Annoying. B.Inspiring. C.Worrying. D.Relaxing.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext？______A.Toexpressafather'scomplaints.

B.Tostresstheimportanceofeducation.

C.TopersuadeEnricotovaluehisstudy.

D.Topromotetheparent-childrelationship.CMedicineisnotonlyahumaninvention.Manyotheranimalshavebeenknowntoself-medicatewithplantsandmineralsforinfectionsandotherconditions.

BehaviouralecologistHelenMorrogh-Bernardhasspentdecadesstudyingorangutans（猩猩）andsaysshehasnowfoundevidencethattheyuseplantsinamedicinalway.

Morroghandhercolleagueswatched10orangutansoccasionallychewaparticularplantwhichisnotpartoftheirnormaldietintoafoamylather（泡沫）andthenrubitintotheirfur.Theorangutansspentupto45minutesatatimemassagingthemixtureontotheirupperarmsorlegs.Theresearchersbelievethisbehaviouristhefirstknownexampleusingapainkiller.

Localpeopleusethesameplant，Dracaenacantleyi，totreatachesandpains.Morrogh'sco-authorsstudieditschemistry.Theyaddedextracts（汁）fromtheplanttohumancellsthathadbeengrowninadishandhadbeenartificiallystimulatedtoproducecytokines（细胞因子）thatcauseinflammation（炎症）anddiscomfort.Theplantextractreducedtheproductionofseveraltypesofcytokines.thescientistsreportedthefindinginastudypublishedlastNovemberinScientificReports.

Theresultssuggestthatorangutansusetheplanttoreduceinflammationandtreatpain.Suchfindingscouldhelpidentifyplantsandchemicalsthatmightbeusefulforhumanmedications.

Increaturessuchasinsects，theabilitytoself-medicateisalmostcertainlyinnate；woollybears（灯蛾毛虫）infectedwithfliesseekoutandeatplantsubstancespoisonoustotheflies.Butmorecomplexanimalsmaylearnsuchtricksafteraninitialdiscoverybyonememberoftheirgroup.

Forexample，anorangutanmayhaverubbedtheplantonitsskintotrytotreatparasites（寄生虫）andrealisedthatitalsohadapleasantpain-killingeffect.Thatbehaviourmaythenhavebeenpassedontootherorangutans.Becausethistypeofself-medicationisseenonlyinsouth-centralBorneo，Morroghsays，itwasprobablylearnedlocally.8.WhydoorangutanschewDracaenacantlevi？______A.Tohavetheirnormaldiet.

B.Toself-medicate.

C.Toscareotheranimalsaway..

D.Topassonamessagetootherorangutans.9.Howcanthefindingsbenefithumanbeings？______A.Theycanhelpvetstreatpets.

B.Theycanhelpscientistsstudyorangutans.

C.Theycanhelpbotanistslearnmoreaboutplants.

D.Theycanhelppeoplefindnewresourcesforhumanmedication.10.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword"innate"inParagraph6？______A.Obtainable. B.Sociable. C.Natural. D.Professional.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext？______A.Orangutansuseplantextractstotreatpain.

B.Humansandanimalshavealotincommon.

C.Aplanthasbeenfoundusefulforhumanmedication.

D.Morrogh-Bernardandhercolleagueshavebeenobservingorangutans.DBlacktaxishavebeenacommonsightinLondonfordecades.NowthesetaxisandtheirdrivershavebecomethefocusofanewexplorationintoAlzheimer's（阿兹海默症）.Forthoseontheoutside,itmayseemthatbehindthewheeloftheseblacktaxisarejustregularpeoplewhohelpmoveustoourdestinations.ButwithintheirbrainsisamapofLondon'sstreetsthathasputGPStechnologytoshamefordecades.

"TheKnowledge"，thetestforLondon'staxidrivers,standsamongthehardestmentalexaminationsonecouldeverundergo.Itinvolvesrecallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutederailsabout56，0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.

Normally,thehippocampus（海马体）feelstheeffectsofAlzheimer'smost.UniversityCollegeLondonandAlzheimer'sResearchUKarestudyingthesetaxidrivers'brains,asithasbeenfoundthatthehippocampuscontrollingthebrain'sshort-termmemoryandspatial（空间的）memorysystemsisenlargedintheirbrains.Moreover,thetaxidrivers'hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere'ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheeffectinthegeneralpopulation.

LeadresearcherHugoSpierswaspartoftheteamwhich20yearsagofoundthat,likebirdsandsquirrels,thetaxidrivers'hippocampigraduallygotbigger.Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirterritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.

Spiers'teamhopestodealwithAlzheimer'sbystudyingthetaxidrivers'brains.Tocollectmoreinformationonthemechanisms（机制）thatcausethe"braingain".SpiershasaskedthirtyofLondon'staxidriversconnectedtoanMRImachinetodrivearoundontheirroutes.Themachinewillallowtheresearcherstogatherrealtimeobservationsoftheworkingsofthehippocampus."It'sbeenajoytohelpscientistsfightwiththedisease,"saidtaxidriverRobertLordan.12.Whatcanwesayabout"TheKnowledge"？______A.Itlastsforafewminutesonly.

B.ItisusuallyheldinLondon'sbusystreets.

C.Itisagreatchallengetopeople'smemory.

D.ItinvitessomeresidentsinLondontobejudges.13.Whathasbeenfoundaboutthetaxidrivers'hippocampi？______A.Theyaremorelikelytobeharmed.

B.Theygrowinthetaxidrivers'careers.

C.Theybenefitfromdailycommunicationmost.

D.Theyarepooratcontrollingshort-termmemory.14.Whydoestheauthormentiontheresearchonanimals？______A.Toimplythenewstudybenefitstheanimalkingdomaswell.

B.Topointoutthatmorestudiesonanimals'brainsareneeded.

C.Toshowanimals'hippocampiareverydifferentfromhumans'.

D.Toprovetheuseofcertainknowledgeinfluencesbraindevelopment.15.WhydotheresearchersobservethetaxidriverswithanMRImachine？______A.Tofigureoutwhohasthelargesthippocampus.

B.ToknowhowAlzheimer'sdevelopsintheirbrains.

C.Tofindouthowtheirhippocampiperformatwork.

D.Totestwhetherthespecialmachineiseffective.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Activelisteningisawayofcommunicatingthatcanincreaseunderstandingbetweenaspeakerandalistener.（1）______Itshowsrespectandconsiderationforthepersonspeaking.

Activelisteningisveryusefulforfamilymembers.Familymembersoftendevelopbadlisteninghabits.Theyreacttoeachotherbasedonwhattheyexpecttheotherpersontosayratherthanonwhatisactuallysaid.（2）______

Activelisteningcanalsobeusefulintheworkplace.Miscommunicationorlackofunderstandingbetweenco-workerscanleadtohurtfeelings，whichinturncanmakeitdifficultforpeopletoworktogether.Activelisteningcansolvesuchissuesandcreategreaterunderstandingandteamspiritamongco-workers.

Forexample，someoneisunexpectedlyrudetotheirco-worker，orseemsinconsiderateoftheirneeds.Theco-workermightfeelhurt，ortheymightbecomeangryandbegintodislikethatperson.Activelisteningcanhelpresolvesuchproblems.Itallowsapersontosayhowtheyfeelabouttheirco-worker'sbehaviour.（3）______

Itcouldbethattherudeco-workerwasgoingthroughadifficulttimeathomeoronthejobandwasunawareofhowbadhisorherbehaviourwas.（4）______Andhealsogainsthatco-worker'sappreciationfortheirwillingnesstolisten.Inthisway，situationsthatcouldturnintomajorconflictsinsteadleadtogreaterunderstanding.

Sometimespeopledonotcommunicatewiththosetheyareclosetobecausetheyfeartheotherperson'sreaction.Ratherthansaying，forexample，"Itreallyhurtsmyfeelingswhenyoubehavelikethatway"，thepartnermightsaynothingatallinordertoavoidafight.（5）______Ifthepartnersactivelylistentoeachother，though，theycanfullyexplainhowtheyfeel，andthiscanhelpavoidanyhurtfeelings.

A.Sothefamilycanbeexpectedtobeharmonious.

B.Activelisteningprovidesawaytobreakthispattern.

C.Itsgoalistohaveanopensharingofideasandfeelings.

D.However，thehurtfeelingsremainandcanbuildupovertime.

E.Youcanbesurethatco-worker'sproblemsmustallbesolved.

F.Meanwhiletheco-workerisgivenachancetoexplainandmaybeevenapologise.

G.Bylisteningrespectfully，anotherpersonmightlearnmoreaboutthatco-worker'ssituation.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Myhighschoollifewasaveryfulfillingone.Apartfromstudyinginclass，Igotapart-timejobatalocal（1）______shop.Ihopeditwouldbeeasy，andforthemostpart，（2）______.Iimaginedmyselfpouringcoffeeandbecomingclosefriendswithmycustomers.

ButwhatIhadn't（3）______wasthepeoplewithsomanyordersandthemomentswhenIcouldn'tseemto（4）______anyone.Therewasalwaystoomuchsugar，toolittleice，ornotenoughskimmilk.（5）______，Ikeptatit.

Oneday，oneofmycustomersdroppedin，（6）______.Beforeheleft，Ihandedhimabagalongwithhisicedcoffee.Helookedatme（7）______becausehehadorderednothingbutthecoffee.Heopenedthebagandsawhisfavouritedoughnut（甜甜圈）Ihad（8）______him.Hesmiledandthankedmebefore（9）______outintotherain.

Thenextevening，hecame.Insteadof（10）______something，hehandedmeasinglepinkroseandanote."Thanksforbeingsosweetand（11）______yesterday.Itissonicetomeetsomeonewhoiswarm.Please（12）______yourwaysbecauseItrulybelievethatyouwilldobetter.Haveagreatday!"

Astimewenton，Idid（13）______somecustomersreallyparticular.ButwheneverIfeltcastdown，thatmanandhiskindnesswouldoccurtome.ThenIwould（14）______，holdmyheaduphigh，clearmythroatandaskpolitely，"HowcanI（15）______you？"21.

A.fashion B.bakery C.coffee D.furniture22.

A.flexible B.romantic C.pressure-free D.back-breaking23.

A.detected B.expected C.grasped D.managed24.

A.satisfy B.reach C.recognise D.convince25.

A.Moreover B.Hence C.Instead D.However26.

A.intelligent B.depressed C.excited D.energetic27.

A.angrily B.vividly C.gratefully D.questioningly28.

A.assigned B.offered C.awarded D.lent29.

A.stepping B.coming C.storming D.sliding30.

A.reporting B.whispering C.ordering D.obtaining31.

A.considerate B.tolerant

C.outgoing D.straightforward32.

A.regulate B.change C.maintain D.enhance33.

A.inquireabout B.hearof C.knockinto D.comeacross34.

A.pray B.smile C.inspire D.sigh35.

A.treat B.help C.contact D.thank四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Thephrasebailangainspopularityassevere（1）______（compete）andsocialexpectationsleavemanyyoungpeopledisappointed.

OnChina'sInternet，someyoungpeoplesaytheirambitionscan't（2）______（achieve）andmanyofthemhavegivenupontrying.Frustratedby（3）______mountinguncertaintiesandlackofeconomicopportunities，theyarcresortingtoanewbuzzword——bailan（letitrotinEnglish）——tocapturetheirattitude（4）______life.

Thephrasebailan，（5）______hasitsorigininNBAgames，meansavoluntaryretreat（后退）frompursuingcertaingoalsbecauseonerealisestheyaresimplytoodifficulttoachieve.InAmericanbasketball，itoftenreferstoa（6）______（player）deliberatelossofagameinordertogetabetterdraftpick.

OnWeibo，thebailan-relatedtopics（7）______（generate）hundredsofmillionsofreadsanddiscussionssinceMarch.Netizensalsocreateddifferentvariationsofthebailanattitude."PropertiesinShanghaitooexpensive？Fine，I'lljustrentallmylife，sinceIcan'tafforditifIonlyearna（8）______（month）salaryanyway，"onegrumbled.

Statemediahavetakennoteofthistrend."WhydomodernyoungChineseliketo'bailan'？"onerecentarticleinofficialmediaoutletasked."Infact，thisisasaresultofnegativeautosuggestion，repeatedly（9）______（tell）oneselfIcannotmakeit.Andthiskindofmentalityoften（10）______（lead）peopletoadoptthe'bailan'attitude."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假定你是李华，一周前你在一家电脑专卖店买了一台电脑，仅用了三天就出现了各种问题。请你就此事给该店经理写封邮件投诉。

内容包括：

（1）介绍购物的情况；

（2）反映存在的问题；

（3）提出解决的方案。

注意：

（1）词数80左右；

（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearSir/Madam，

_______

Yours，LiHua38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

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Krone'sinterestinmusicbeganinmiddleschool,andafterrepeatedrequestsandapromisetostudyhardandgetintothebesthighschool,hegothisparentstobuyhimashabbyoldwoodenguitar.Hekeptpracticing,performingwithothersandcomposinghisownsongs.Helovedmusicsomuchthathedroppedoutofcollegedespitehisparents'objections.Afterthat,heparticipatedinsingingcompetitionsandsentdemos(样片)torecordcompanies,buttheydisappearedforever.

Once,hegotachancetoperforminfrontofafamousmusician,butthemusiciantoldhimdirectlythathisvoiceandcompositionwerenotuniqueenoughtomakehimaprofessionalsinger.

Hisgrandmotherdied,andhissisterMaryrepeatedlyaskedhimtoattendthefuneral(葬礼).Onthewayhome,Maryaskedhimabouthisplansforthefuture,andhebegantofeelthathewasnotconfidentenoughtotakeupacareerinmusic,andhisfather'spoorhealthdidnotallowhimtoleavehomeagain.

Afterarrivinghome,Kronesawthethinandweakfather,whoarguedafewwordsabouthisfuture,whichmadehimfeelthathisfatherwouldnotunderstandhim.Later,hissistertoldhimthat,infact,dadsupportedhisfreedevelopment,soKronedecidedtotalktodadagain.Butwhenhewalkedbackhomeandlookedathisfatherthroughthewindow,hesawthathisfatherhadplacedthefamilyknivesaway,asiffeelingsorryfornotpassingonthefamilybusinessstartedbygrandfatherwiththeshopnamed"FishSong".Kronefeltguiltyandsad.Shouldheinheritthefamilybusiness,orfindawaytodevelopthefishbusiness?

Nextmorning,MaryshookKroneoutofhissleepandtoldhimthatfatherfaintedinthemarket.Thedoctorthoughtthatfathershouldtakeafewmoredaysoff,buthedidn'tagree.Hereallydidn'twanttoclosetheshop.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Kroneofferedtohelp,whichsurprisedeveryone,especiallyfather.

___________________________________________________________

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ItwastimeforKronetomakeupthedecision.

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答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival—ZhangZeduan部分的However，insteadofconcentratingonthevastnessofnature，hecapturedthedailylifeofthepeopleofBianjing，present-dayKaifeng.HisworkshowsmuchaboutlifeintheNorthernSongDynasty.（然而，他没有专注于大自然的浩瀚，而是捕捉了汴京（今天的开封）人民的日常生活。他的作品反映了北宋时期的生活）可知，张择端的《清明上河图》以北宋为背景。故选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据AThousandLiofRiversandMountains—WangXimeng部分的Notonlydidofficialsandscholarsenjoylisteningtomusictbuttheyalsofoundpleasureindepictingnature.（官员和学者不仅喜欢听音乐，他们也从描绘自然中找到乐趣）可知，如果你想欣赏一幅展现自然美的画，王希孟的《千里江山图》是最好的选择。故选C。

（3）文章出处题。根据文章标题FAMOUSCHINESEPAINTINGS，ARTISTICTREASURES（国画名画，艺术珍品）及第一段Withthousandsofyearsofcontinuoushistory，Chinaisoneofthemostuniquenations.Overmanycenturies，Chineseartistshavecreatedpaintingsthatarenowintheheartsofmorethanabillionpeople.（中国拥有数千年的连续历史，是世界上文化最独特的国家之一。几个世纪以来，中国艺术家创作的绘画作品如今在10亿多人心中流传）以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了四幅中国知名画家的作品。由此推知，这篇文章可能出自杂志的文化部分。故选B。

这篇短文主要介绍了中国著名的绘画艺术珍品。文章提到中国拥有数千年的历史，是一个独特的国家。中国艺术家创作的绘画作品深入人心，影响了超过十亿人。文章列举了几幅著名的中国绘画作品，包括《洛神赋图》、《画堂秋思图》、《清明上河图》和《千里江山图》。这些作品分别描绘了不同的主题和时代背景，展示了中国绘画的多样性和艺术价值。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】D、D、B、C【解析】（1）D.推理判断题。根据第一段中的I

do

not

yet

see

you

set

out

for

school

with

that

determined

mind

and

that

smiling

face

which

I

should

like.（我还没有看到你像我所希望的那样意志坚定，带着微笑去学校。）可推知，Enrico不愿意去上学。故选D。

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第二段首句Everybody，everybody

studies

now，my

child.（每个人，现在每个人都在学习，我的孩子。）指出每个人都在学习，下文Think

of

the

workmen

who

go

to

school

in

the

evening

after

having

worked

hard

all

the

day；think

of

the

women，of

the

girls，of

the

people，who

go

to

school

on

Sunday，after

having

worked

all

the

week；of

the

soldiers

who

turn

to

their

books

and

copy-books

when

they

return

exhausted

from

their

drill!Think

of

the

dumb

and

of

the

boys

who

are

blind，but

who

study，nevertheless.Think

of

the

innumerable

boys

who，at

nearly

this

precise

hour，are

going

to

school

in

all

countries.（想想工人们辛苦劳作一天后，晚上还去学校学习；想想妇女和普通百姓家的女孩们，她们劳动了一周，星期日还去上学；想想那些兵，他们筋疲力尽地从操练场上回来，还照样看书做作业；想想那些说不了话、双目失明的孩子，他们却也仍在学习。想想世界各地数不尽数的孩子们，就在这一时刻，也正在赶往学校的路上。）通过提到不同的人都在学习来支持上文的观点。故选D。

（3）B.推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合最后一段中的Courage，then，little

soldier

of

the

immense（庞大的）

army.（那么，鼓足勇气吧，这支大军中的小战士。）以及Be

not

a

cowardly

soldier，my

Enrico.（不要做胆怯的士兵，我的Enrico。）可知，文章是鼓励不愿意去上学的Enrico，全文是鼓舞人心的基调。结合选项A.Annoying.讨厌的；B.Inspiring.鼓舞人心的；C.Worrying.令人担心的；D.Relaxing.放松的。故选B。

（4）C.写作意图题。根据第一段中的What

a

miserable

thing

your

day

would

be

if

you

did

not

go

to

school!（如果你不到学校里去，你每天要怎样地悲惨啊！）及第二段中的Imagine

this

vast，vast

crowd

of

boys

of

a

hundred

races，this

great

movement

of

which

you

form

a

part，and

think，if

this

movement

were

to

cease，humanity

would

fall

back

into

barbarism（野蛮）；this

movement

is

the

progress，the

hope，the

glory

of

the

world.（想象一下这个由上百个种族的孩子组成的庞大的群体，这个浩浩荡荡的行动大军，而你也是其中的一员；想一想，如果这个行动停止了，人类将会退回到野蛮的状态。这个行动是世界的进步、希望和荣耀。）可知，本文是父母写给不愿意去上学的Enrico信，目的是说服Enrico珍惜自己的学习。故选C。

本文是一篇记叙文，文章摘自世界名著《爱的教育》，是Enrico父母写给不愿意去上学的Enico的信，让他珍惜学习的机会。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】B、D、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。由第三段Morroghandhercolleagueswatched10orangutansoccasionallychewaparticularplant（whichisnotpartoftheirnormaldiet）intoafoamylather（泡沫）andthenrubitintotheirfur.Theapesspentupto45minutesatatimemassagingthemixtureontotheirupperarmsorlegs.Theresearchersbelievethisbehavioristhefirstknownexampleusingapainkiller（Morrogh和她的同事观察了10只猩猩偶尔将一种植物（这不是它们正常饮食的一部分）咀嚼成泡沫状，然后摩擦到皮毛上。类人猿每次花45分钟在上臂或腿上按摩这种混合物。研究人员认为，这种行为是已知的第一个使用止痛药的例子），第四段中的Localpeopleusethesameplant，Dracaenacantleyi，totreatachesandpains.（当地人用同一种植物龙血树来治疗疼痛）"和第五段中的"Theresultssuggestthatorangutansusetheplanttoreduceinflammationandtreatpain.（结果表明，红毛猩猩使用这种植物来减轻炎症和治疗疼痛）可知，红毛猩猩会咀嚼龙血树是为了减轻炎症和治疗疼痛，进行自我治疗。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。由第五段中的Suchfindingscouldhelpidentifyplantsandchemicalsthatmightbeusefulforhumanmedications.（这些发现有助于确定可能对人类药物有用的植物和化学品）可知，这些发现可以帮助人们找到人类药物治疗的新资源。故选D。

（3）词句猜测题。由第六段Increaturessuchasinsects，theabilitytoself-medicateisalmostcertainly

innate；woollybear（灯蛾毛虫）infectedwithfliesseekoutandeatplantsubstancespoisonoustotheflies.Butmorecomplexanimalsmaylearnsuchtricksafteraninitialdiscoverybyonememberoftheirgroup.（在昆虫等生物中，自我治疗的能力几乎可以肯定是innate；感染了苍蝇的灯蛾毛虫寻找并食用对苍蝇有毒的植物物质。但更复杂的动物可能会在小组中的一名成员初步发现后学会这些技巧）可知，感染了苍蝇的灯蛾毛虫寻找并食用对苍蝇有毒的植物物质进行自我治疗，有些动物还会学习族群内成员发现的自我治疗方法，可得出在昆虫等生物中，自我治疗的能力几乎可以肯定是"天生的（innate）"，与natural同义。A.Obtainable.可获得的；B.Sociable.社交的；C.Natural.自然的；D.Professional.专业的。故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。由第二段BehavioralecologistHelenMorrogh-Bernardhasspentdecadesstudyingorangutans（猩猩）andsaysshehasnowfoundevidencetheyuseplantsinamedicinalway.（行为生态学家HelenMorrogh-Bernard花了几十年时间研究红毛猩猩，她说，她现在发现了红毛猩猩将植物用于药用的证据），第三段Morroghandhercolleagueswatched10orangutansoccasionallychewaparticularplant（whichisnotpartoftheirnormaldiet）intoafoamylather（泡沫）andthenrubitintotheirfur.Theapesspentupto45minutesatatimemassagingthemixtureontotheirupperarmsorlegs.Theresearchersbelievethisbehavioristhefirstknownexampleusingapainkiller（Morrogh和她的同事观察了10只猩猩偶尔将一种植物（这不是它们正常饮食的一部分）咀嚼成泡沫状，然后摩擦到皮毛上。类人猿每次花45分钟在上臂或腿上按摩这种混合物。研究人员认为，这种行为是已知的第一个使用止痛药的例子），第四段Localpeopleusethesameplant，Dracaenacantleyi，totreatachesandpains.（当地人用同一种植物龙血树来治疗疼痛）和第五段Theresultssuggestthatorangutansusetheplanttoreduceinflammationandtreatpain.（结果表明，红毛猩猩使用这种植物来减轻炎症和治疗疼痛）可推知，本文讲述了行为生态学家HelenMorrogh-Bernard发现猿类使用植物（龙血树）提取物来治疗疼痛，A项"猿类使用植物提取物来治疗疼痛"符合文意。故选A。

这篇文章主要讲了药物不仅仅是人类发明的，许多其他动物也会利用植物和矿物质进行自我治疗。行为生态学家Helen

Morrogh-Bernard研究了几十年的猩猩，并表示她现在找到了它们使用植物进行药物治疗的证据。研究人员观察到10只猩猩偶尔会咀嚼一种不属于它们正常饮食的植物，将其咀嚼成泡沫状，然后涂抹在毛发上。研究人员认为这种行为是首次发现的使用止痛药的例子。当地人也使用同一种植物来治疗疼痛。研究人员的化学研究表明，该植物提取物减少了多种类型的细胞因子的产生，这些细胞因子引起炎症和不适。结果表明，猩猩使用这种植物来减轻炎症和治疗疼痛。这些发现有助于发现可能对人类药物有用的植物和化学物质。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

12~15.【答案】C、B、D、C【解析】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段Itinvolvesreallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutedetailsabout56，0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.（它涉及从伦敦56万条街道的细节记忆中反复回忆信息，从特拉法加广场到最小的住宅小巷。）可知，TheKnowledge对人的记忆力是一个很大的挑战。故选C项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第三段Moreover,thetaxidrivers'hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere'ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheefetinthegeneralpopulation.（此外，出租车司机的海马体随着他们从事这项工作多年而不断扩大，这表明也许我们可以做些什么来在普通人群中重现这种影响。）可知，海马体在出租车司机的职业生涯中成长。故选B项。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据第四段Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirteritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.（事实上，多年来的研究发现，任何需要详细领地空间知识的动物都会经历海马体的生长。）可知，作者提到动物（鸟类和松鼠）的研究是为了证明某些知识的长期使用会影响大脑